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1.
Asian Pac J Trop Med ; 9(5): 432-6, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27261850

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic extract of yacon on the hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in neonatal rats. METHODS: Wistar rats aged two days old received an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (160 mg/kg); after seven weeks, glycosuria was determined and animals with glucose levels above 250 mg/dL were included in the study. Groups of diabetic and non-diabetic rats were treated orally with yacon extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg/d for 14 d. Tests were made for phytochemical characterization, glucose tolerance and toxicity. RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with the extract reduced the glucose levels of fed diabetic rats and did not change the glucose levels of fasting diabetic and normal rats. Additionally, also it was observed that treatment with the extract reduced blood glucose levels of diabetic rats during the oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. There was no change in body weight, liver enzymes or mortality with yacon extract treatment. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and gallic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that yacon extract reduces hyperglycemia, possibly by improving insulin sensibility through its phytochemicals constituents (phenolic compounds).

2.
J Nat Med ; 68(3): 567-75, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24789168

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anethole (AN) and eugenol (EUG) on leukocyte migration using in vitro chemotaxis and in situ microcirculation assays. BALB/c mice were used for the in vitro chemotaxis assay, and Wistar rats for the in situ microcirculation assay. We evaluated (a) the in vitro leukocyte migration in response to chemotactic factors (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP] and leukotriene B4 [LTB4]) and (b) the rolling, adhesion, and migration of leukocytes induced by an injection of carrageenan (100 µg/cavity) into the scrotum of the animal. In the in vitro chemotaxis assay, AN and EUG at doses of 1, 3, 9, and 27 µg/ml significantly inhibited leukocyte migration when stimulated by the chemotactic agents fMLP and LTB4. In the in situ microcirculation assay, AN at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg and EUG at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly decreased the number of leukocytes that rolled, adhered, and migrated to perivascular tissue. The results indicate that AN and EUG exert inhibitory effects on leukocyte migration, highlighting their possible use to diminish excessive leukocyte migration in the inflammatory process.


Subject(s)
Anisoles/pharmacology , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Eugenol/pharmacology , Allylbenzene Derivatives , Animals , Carrageenan/pharmacology , Humans , Leukocytes/drug effects , Leukocytes/physiology , Leukotriene B4/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22028731

ABSTRACT

The anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanol extract of Helicteres gardneriana (Nees) Castiglioni was assayed in experimental models of pleurisy and microcirculation in situ. Treatment of animals with 500 mg/kg body weight reduced the exudate volume (35% reduction) induced by intrapleural injection of carrageenan and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells into the inflamed pleural cavity of rats (40%). Additionally, rolling and adhesion of leukocytes and the number of leukocytes that migrated toward the perivascular space in response to the carrageenan injection were decreased by the extract (500 mg/kg). These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanol extract of Helicteres gardneriana and imply that inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial interactions is important in the extract's mechanism of action.

4.
Pharm Res ; 28(2): 331-6, 2011 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20859659

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To apply the photoacoustic spectroscopy technique to investigate the penetration rate of topically applied Helicteres gardneriana extract used as anti-inflammatory agent. METHODS: Experiments were performed ex vivo in a well-controlled group of mice. The crude extract was obtained from leaves of the plant Helicteres gardneriana. Croton oil was applied into the ventral surface of the mouse's right and left auricles in order to induce an inflammatory response. The left auricle was treated with crude extract, while the right one served as the control. After 6 h, the auricles were sectioned for measurements of edema intensity, myeloperoxidase activity and the formulation penetration rate. RESULTS: Croton oil induced inflammatory response in both auricles. The application of Helicteres gardneriana extract reduced significantly the edema of the auricle and inhibited the activity of the myeloperoxidase enzyme. The photoacoustic data showed that the propagation of the formulation was efficient to reach the deep region of the auricle, crossing the cartilage. The strong anti-inflammatory effect was associated with the observed deep penetration of the formulation. CONCLUSION: This pre-clinical study showed the anti-inflammatory effect of Helicteres gardneriana extract. The photoacoustic technique was useful to demonstrate that this anti-inflammatory activity was associated with deep percutaneous penetration.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics , Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Skin Absorption , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Croton Oil/pharmacology , Ear Auricle/drug effects , Ear Auricle/pathology , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/metabolism , Edema/therapy , Malvaceae , Mice , Peroxidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Leaves , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Spectrum Analysis/methods
5.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 465-469, jul.-set. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-468153

ABSTRACT

The antinociceptive activity of the crude extract and fractions of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Martius) Coville (barbatimão) was evaluated. Three experimental models of pain induction were used: abdominal writhing, formalin, and hot plate. The results demonstrated an antinociceptive effect of barbatimão in the experimental models of writhing induced by acetic acid and pain induced by formalin. However, the extracts did not significantly alter latency time on the hot plate in mice. These results suggest that barbatimão extract has a peripheral antinociceptive effect.


A atividade antinociceptiva do extrato bruto e frações do Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão) foi avaliada. Foram usados três modelos experimentais para avaliação da dor: teste de contorção abdominal induzida pelo ácido acético, teste da formalina e teste da placa quente. Os resultados mostraram um efeito antinociceptivo evidente do barbatimão nos modelos experimentais de contorção induzida por ácido acético e dor induzida pela formalina. Por outro lado, o barbatimão não modificou significativamente o tempo de latência dos animais no teste da placa quente. Estes resultados sugerem que o extrato de barbatimão apresenta efeito antinociceptivo por mecanismos periféricos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Analgesics , Fabaceae , Stryphnodendron barbatimam , Pain Measurement
6.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 28(2)jul.-dez. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485583

ABSTRACT

Corticóides induzem um estado de intolerância à glicose, resistência à insulina e hiperglicemia. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a participação de corticosteróides endógenos sobre a hiperglicemia aguda em modelo experimental de intolerância à glicose induzida por dexametasona (0,1 mg kg-1, s.c., 4 dias). O modelo experimental foi caracterizado pela determinação da concentração de glicose sanguínea, volume urinário de 24 horas, consumo de ração e água. Os ratos foram tratados com clorpropamida (100 mg kg-1), metformina (300 mg kg-1) ou pioglitazona (10 mg kg-1) durante 4 dias e o efeito do tratamento foi avaliado pelo teste de tolerância à glicose endovenoso (GTT). A adrenalectomia corrigiu o quadro de intolerância à glicose destes animais, demonstrando que a dexametasona promove hiperglicemia por meio de um provável efeito sinérgico sobre os corticosteróides endógenos. O tratamento com metformina reduziu a alteração glicêmica. Nossos resultados sugerem um efeito benéfico na utilização da metformina como profilático no uso de corticóides em pacientes hiperglicêmicos.


This work evaluated the effect of the corticosteroid administration on glucose intolerance state induced by dexamethasone (0.1 mg kg-1, s.c., 4 days). The experimental model was characterized through blood and urine glucose levels determination, 24 hour urinary volume, food and water intake. The rats were treated with chlorpropamide (100 mg kg-1), metformin (300 mg kg-1) or pioglitazone (10 mg kg-1) during 4 days. The effect of adrenalectomy or the drugs treatment effectiveness on hyperglycemia state were evaluated during intravenous GTT. Metformin treatment restored the altered hyperglycemia observed in this experimental model. Results suggest that dexamethasone promotes a hyperglycemia state through a synergic effect on endogenous corticosteroids, and that metformin treatment restores these altered responses. Indeed, the dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in humans, promoting hyperglycemia, which should be avoid by the prophylactic administration of metformin.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Glucose Intolerance , Metformin , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin Resistance
7.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 28(2)jul.-dez. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485586

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer valores de referência de alguns parâmetros fisiológicos (bioquímicos, hematológicos e urinários) de ratos provenientes do Biotério Central da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Foram utilizados ratos machos, normais e saudáveis da linhagem Wistar, com peso de 200 a 220 g. Foi avaliado o perfil hematológico (leucócitos: totais, mononucleares e polimorfonucleares) e a determinação bioquímica de vários constituintes plasmáticos (aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, glicose, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, fosfatase ácida, uréia, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, triglicerídeos, teste de tolerância à glicose GTT) e urinários (glicose, creatinina). É imprescindível que cada laboratório estabeleça seu conjunto de valores de referência dos animais normais, de acordo com a dieta, a linhagem, o sexo e a idade de cada espécie utilizada. Assim, através deste trabalho, o pesquisador pode identificar desvios dos parâmetros, facilitando a escolha dos animais para o estudo.


The present work was carried out to establish reference values for some physiological parameters (biochemical, hematological and urinary) in rats proceeding from the Central Biotery at the State University of Maringá, State of Paraná. Normal male Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were used. The hematological profile (total leukocytes, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells count), the clinic chemistry (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, urea, cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides, glucose tolerance) and urinary parameters (glucose and creatinine) were determined. Each laboratory should establish a database of reference values for their animals, according to diet, strain, sex and age for each species used. Thus, in this work, a database is provided regarding reference values of some physiological parameters in rats for use in experimental investigations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Reference Standards , Plasma , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Animal Testing Alternatives , Animals, Laboratory
8.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 27(1): 41-44, jan.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431711

ABSTRACT

Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a toxicidade aguda do extrato total de Cordia salicifolia (DL50) após administração oral e intraperitoneal em camundongos, assim como os efeitos do extrato sobre alguns parâmetros bioquímicos no plasma de ratos após um tratamento prolongado (90 dias). A DL50 do extrato administrado por v.o. foi maior que 2000 mg/Kg, enquanto a DL50 por via i.p. foi aproximadamente 920 mg/Kg. A administração oral diária do extrato nas doses de 20, 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg por um período de 90 dias não causou modificações no ganho de peso corporal, no peso dos órgãos, nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos dos animais. Estes resultados indicam que a administração do extrato por um período mais prolongado não provocou efeitos de toxicidade nos animais


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal
9.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 27(1): 49-55, jan.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431713

ABSTRACT

As atividades hipoglicemiante e antihiperglicemiante do extrato hidroalcóolico obtido das folhas da Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) foram avaliadas em ratos, utilizandose diferentes modelos experimentais de hiperglicemia: diabetes tipo 1 induzido por aloxana, intolerância à glicose e resistência aguda à insulina induzidas pela dexametasona e resistência crônica à insulina em modelo de obesidade induzida pelo monoglutamato de sódio. O extrato hidroalcóolico da Averrhoa carambola, na dose de 800 mg/Kg de peso corporal, não apresentou atividades hipoglicemiantes e antihiperglicemiantes nos modelos de hiperglicemia testados


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Hypoglycemic Agents/analysis , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Plants, Medicinal
10.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 40(3): 425-431, jul.-set. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420692

ABSTRACT

Polissacarídeo extraído da raiz de Lótus (Nelumbo nucifera) adicionado a polimetacrilato foi utilizado para a obtenção de filmes isolados, constituindo material candidato ao revestimento de formas farmacêuticas sólidas orais, sendo estas voltadas à liberação modificada de fármacos, potencialmente suscetíveis à degradação pela microflora presente exclusivamente na região distal do trato gastrinstestinal. A adição do polissacarídeo ao polímero de base, dispersão aquosa Eudragit®RS 30D, ocorreu em diferentes proporções: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30. Os filmes isolados foram caracterizados pela determinação do índice de intumescimento e pela transmissão de vapor de água...


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Polysaccharides , Administration, Oral , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Evaporation
11.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 6(3): 93-95, set.-dez. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-391896

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o consumo de antiinflamatórios esteróides em uma farmácia comunitária da cidade de Umuarama-Pr. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas utilizando um questionário específico, a fim de avaliar o consumo de medicamentos com e sem prescrição, relacionado com os sintomas mencionados pelos usuários e a via de administração dos antiinflamatórios consumidos. Os resultados mostraram um alto consumo de antiinflamatórios esteróides, principalmente sem prescrição, indicando a necessidade de uma discussão mais ampla sobre a orientação ao paciente que procura a farmácia comunitária nestas circunstâncias, assim como o papel do farmacêutico nesse serviço de saúde


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Community Pharmacy Services , Drug Utilization , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmacies , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Drug Information Services , Drug Prescriptions
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