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2.
Am J Med Genet A ; 146A(7): 833-42, 2008 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18302245

ABSTRACT

We studied 28 individuals from a four-generation Chilean family (ADC54) including 13 affected individuals with cataracts, microcornea and/or corneal opacity. All individuals underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam. We screened with a panel of polymorphic DNA markers for known loci that cause autosomal dominant cataracts, if mutated, and refined the locus using the ABI Prism Linkage Mapping Set Version 2.5, and calculated two-point lod scores. Novel PCR primers were designed for the three coding exons, including intron-exon borders, of the candidate gene alpha A crystallin (CRYAA). Clinically, affected individuals had diverse and novel cataracts with variable morphology (anterior polar, cortical, embryonal, fan-shaped, anterior subcapsular). Microcornea and corneal opacity was evident in some. Marker D21S171 gave a lod score of 4.89 (theta(m) = theta(f) = 0). CRYAA had a G414A transition that segregated with the disease and resulted in an amino acid alteration (R116H). The phenotypic variability within this family was significant with novel features of the cataracts and a corneal opacity. With the exception of iris coloboma, the clinical features in all six previously reported families with mutations in the CRYAA gene were found in this family. We identified a novel G414A transition in exon 3 of CRYAA that co-segregated with an autosomal dominant phenotype. The resulting amino acid change R116H is in a highly conserved region and represents a change in charge. The genotype-phenotype correlation of this previously unreported mutation provides evidence that other factors, genetic and/or environmental, may influence the development of cataract as a result of this alteration.


Subject(s)
Cataract/genetics , Cornea/abnormalities , Corneal Opacity/genetics , Crystallins/genetics , Genes, Dominant , Mutation, Missense , Adult , Base Sequence , Child , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 , DNA Primers , Female , Genetic Linkage , Humans , Male , Pedigree , Phenotype
3.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 92(3): 315-9, 2008 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18211928

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To review recent data on prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Latin America. METHOD: Data from recent population-based prevalence surveys in nine countries in Latin America, covering 30,544 people aged 50 years and older, are presented. RESULTS: The prevalence of bilateral blindness (VA <3/60 in the better eye with available correction) ranged from 1.3% in urban Buenos Aires, Argentina, to 4.0% in two rural districts of Peru; low vision from 5.9% in Buenos Aires to 12.5% in rural Guatemala. Cataract was the main cause of blindness (41-87%), followed by posterior segment disease (7-47%). Avoidable blindness ranged from 43% in urban Brazil to 94% in rural Guatemala. CONCLUSIONS: 43% to 88% of all blindness in Latin America is curable, being caused by cataract and refractive errors. Simple and cost-effective intervention strategies exist and need to be made available to more people. Also, the visual outcome from cataract surgery can be improved. In the urban areas with adequate eye care services, blindness and low vision due to posterior segment disease are increasing. Results from these surveys may help planners to estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness in their own area or country.


Subject(s)
Blindness/epidemiology , Vision, Low/epidemiology , Aged , Blindness/etiology , Blindness/physiopathology , Cataract/complications , Cataract/epidemiology , Cataract Extraction , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome , Vision, Low/etiology , Vision, Low/physiopathology , Visual Acuity
7.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 64(1/2): 47-55, 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665139

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar epidemiología del trauma ocular. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de hospitalizaciones por trauma ocular en Hospital Regional de Concepción entre 2004 y 2005 según clasificación BETT. Resultados: De 12.280 urgencias oftalmológicas realizadas, 153 (1,2 por ciento) requirieron hospitalización. 85 por ciento fueron varones y 80 por ciento menores de 40 años. El lugar del trauma fue el hogar (30,4 por ciento) y trabajo (29,6 por ciento). El 54 por ciento fue trauma cerrado (contusión: 34 por ciento) y el 46 por ciento abierto (penetrante 22 por ciento, CEIO: 11 por ciento), resultando en amaurosis 83 por ciento de heridas perforantes y 81,8 por ciento de roturas oculares. Egresaron 410 pacientes de otros servicios con códigos asociados a trauma ocular como: trauma oculorbitario (55 por ciento), fractura de órbita (19,2 por ciento), cuerpo extraño (10 por ciento), herida palpebral (9 por ciento) entre otros. La incidencia de hospitalización por trauma ocular fue 33,2 casos/100.000 habitantes/año. Conclusiones: El trauma ocular afecta a hombres jóvenes laboralmente activos. Su impacto social-laboral hace necesaria la prevención y educación. La clasificación BETT es necesaria para estandarizar trabajos.


Objective: To analyze epidemiology of ocular trauma. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of hospitalizations secondary to ocular trauma in Regional Hospital of Conception between 2004 and 2005 according to classification BETT. Results: Out of 12,280 ophthalmologic urgencies, 153 (1.2 percent) required hospitalization. 85 percent were men and 80 percent were 40 years old or less. The place where the trauma occured was home (30.4 percent) and work (29.6 percent). 54 percent were closed ocular trauma (contusion: 34 percent) and 46 percent open ocular trauma (penetrating 22 percent, IOFB: 11 percent), amaurosis was a consecuence in 83 percent of perforating wounds and 81.8 percent of ocular breakage. 410 patients withdrew from other clinical services with associated codes to ocular trauma like: orbit-ocular trauma (55 percent), orbit fractures (19.2 percent), ocular foreign body (10 percent), palpebral wound (9 percent) among others. The incidence of hospitalization by ocular trauma was 33.2 cases/100.000 inhabitants/year. Conclusions: The ocular trauma affects working active young men. Its social-labor impact makes the prevention and education necessary. BETT classification is necessary to standardize studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Eye Injuries/surgery , Eye Injuries/classification , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies
8.
Am J Ophthalmol ; 141(4): 750-2, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16564818

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To document intrafamilial and interocular phenotypic variability of autosomal dominant cataract (ADC). DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHODS: We performed ophthalmologic examination in four Chilean ADC families. RESULTS: The families exhibited variability with respect to morphology, location with the lens, color and density of cataracts among affected members. We documented asymmetry between eyes in the morphology, location within the lens, color and density of cataracts, and a variable rate of progression. CONCLUSIONS: The cataracts in these families exhibit wide intrafamilial and interocular phenotypic variability, supporting the premise that the mutated genes are expressed differentially in individuals and between eyes; other genes or environmental factors may be the bases for this variability. Marked progression among some family members underscores the variable clinical course of a common mutation within a family. Like retinitis pigmentosa, classification of ADC will be most useful if based on the gene and specific mutation.


Subject(s)
Cataract/genetics , Genetic Variation , Cataract/pathology , Chile , Disease Progression , Family , Genes, Dominant , Humans , Lens, Crystalline/pathology , Phenotype
9.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 61(2): 45-49, 2004. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416775

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar atención oftalmológica en consultorio primario determinado resolución y causas de derivación al nivel terciario. Material y Método: Desde julio 1999 se atendieron 11.822 pacientes, registrados prospectivamente. Se cuenta con dos oftalmólogos generales y enfermera especialista. Los pacientes fueron resueltos a nivel primario o derivados al nivel terciario, clasificándolos según el departamento de derivación. Resultados: Del total, se resuelven 10.439 (88,3 por ciento) y se derivan 1.383 (11,7 por ciento) al nivel terciario. 4.15 (35 por ciento) eran mayores de 65 años con un 76 por ciento de consultas resueltas son refractivas (1.7 lentes/pacientes) y 582 (14 por ciento) son derivados, originando el 43 por ciento de las derivaciones. El número de derivaciones se mantiene sin variaciones. Sospecha de glaucoma (32,5 por ciento), afecciones retinales (21,7 por ciento) y catarata (16,8 por ciento) son las causas más frecuentes de derivación. Conclusiones: El oftalmólogo general tiene alto nivel resolutivo en nivel primario. Se mantiene el porcentaje de derivación, siendo glaucoma y retina lo más requerido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Eye Health , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand/organization & administration , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Ophthalmology/organization & administration , Age Distribution , Chile , Medical Care Statistics , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Tertiary Healthcare
10.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 49(2): 29-36, 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130929

ABSTRACT

Se analizan 84 capsulotomías realizadas con ND:Yag láser (Zeiss D7082, lente Abraham). El rango de edad era de 2 a 92 años, siendo pacientes pseudofáquicos. La energía utilizada (potencia x disparos) fue mayor en opacidades capsulares secundaria a facoéresis por trauma ocular (151,38 ñ 87.6 mg) en relación a casos congénitos (94,76 ñ 48,1 mg) ocataratas seniles (60,28 ñ 42,2 mg). En el postoperatorio precoz (4-6 horas) un 17,5 por ciento presentó hipertensión ocular, siendo más frecuente en grupo afáquico. En 20 pacientes se consignan impactos en el lente. Otras complicaciones fueron ruptura de hialoide, uveítis, hifemas transitorios, vitritis anterior y un caso de agujero macular. La visión final mejoró en 65 casos, un 79,3 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Neodymium/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Lenses, Intraocular/adverse effects
11.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 48(2): 7-12, 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-130685

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron 74 pacientes sometidos a Facoeresis Extracapsular con implante de lente intraocular, decartándose aquellos con glaucoma, cirugía ocular complicada, aterosclerosis avanzada o tratamiento sistémico con betabloqueadores. La presión intraocular preoperatoria promedio era de 16,2 promedio 3,2 mmHg. A las 4-6 hrs. postoperatorias la presión media era de 26,1 promedio 8,3 mmHG. Siendo en un 35,6 por ciento de los pacientes mayor de 25 mmHg disminuyendo a las 24 hrs. a 20,6 promedio 5,2 mmHg y al 3er. día a 17,2 promedio 4,3 mmHg persistiendo sólo un 3,4 por ciento con presiones mayores de 25 mmHg. Se analizaron prospectivamente 35 pacientes. En el postoperatorio inmediato (4-6 hrs) tenían presión intraocular mayor de 20,6 mmHg. 8 pacientes (57,1 por ciento ) de un grupo tratado con pilocarpina 2 por ciento en contraste con 5 pacientes (23,8 por ciento ) del grupo tratado con pilocarpina 2 por ciento y timolol 0,5 por ciento y 2 pacientes (25 por ciento ) del grupo tratado con pilocarpina gel. En el postoperatorio tardío, cuatro pacientes (7,1 por ciento ) desarrollaron un alta tensional, por hiperreactividad corticoidal y un caso asociado a Vogt; un paciente (1,8 por ciento ) disminuyó la tensión ocular al desarrollar una vesícula filtrante a través de la herida operatoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Lenses, Intraocular/adverse effects , Intraocular Pressure , Postoperative Care , Postoperative Complications
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