ABSTRACT
FUNDAMIENTO Y OBJETIVO: En la Comunidad de Madrid se incluyó la vacuna frente a varicela en el calendario infantil en noviembre del 2006 a los 15 meses de edad. Dicha recomendación se retiró en enero del 2014. Se estima la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al virus tras los 2-3 primeros años desde la inclusión de la vacuna y su evolución desde 1999. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La población diana son los residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2 y 60 años. La medición de anticuerpos IgG se realizó mediante técnicas de ELISA. Se estima la seroprevalencia según características sociodemográficas mediante regresión logística múltiple. Los resultados se comparan con encuestas previas. Asimismo, se presentan la seroprevalencia y la media geométrica de anticuerpos según el estado vacunal y los antecedentes de la enfermedad. El nivel de confianza utilizado es del 95%. RESULTADOS: Participaron 4.378 sujetos, con una tasa de respuesta del 69%. La seroprevalencia estimada es del 95,3% (IC del 95%, 94,6%-95,9%). Más del 90% de los niños a partir de los 10 años de edad presentan anticuerpos. La seroprevalencia fue mayor en personas con menor nivel educativo. La seroprevalencia de inmunidad vacunal supera el 90% en el primer año tras la vacunación pero en el segundo año desciende hasta el 82,6% (IC del 95%, 56,0-94,7). Se encontraron diferencias significativas con las encuestas anteriores atribuibles a la vacunación universal. DISCUSIÓN: Es necesario continuar la vigilancia epidemiológica para valorar el impacto de la retirada de la recomendación de vacunar a los 15 meses de edad
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Seroprevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics using multiple logistic regressions. The results are compared with previous surveys. Also, the seroprevalence and geometric mean of the antibody according immunisation status and history of the disease are presented. The confidence level used is 95%. RESULTS: A total of 4,378 subjects were included, with a response rate of 69%. The estimated seroprevalence was 95.3% (95% CI: 94.6% - 95.9%). Over 90% of children from the age of 10 have antibodies. The seroprevalence was higher in people with less education. The seroprevalence of immunity vaccine exceeds 90% in the first year after vaccination, but in the second year decreased to 82.6% (95% CI 56.0 - 94.7). Significant differences, attributable to universal vaccination, were found compared to previous surveys. DISCUSSION: Continued surveillance is needed in order to assess the impact of the withdrawal of the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification , Herpes Zoster/immunology , Herpes Zoster Vaccine/administration & dosage , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiologic Surveillance ServicesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Seroprevalence was estimated according to sociodemographic characteristics using multiple logistic regressions. The results are compared with previous surveys. Also, the seroprevalence and geometric mean of the antibody according immunisation status and history of the disease are presented. The confidence level used is 95%. RESULTS: A total of 4,378 subjects were included, with a response rate of 69%. The estimated seroprevalence was 95.3% (95% CI: 94.6% - 95.9%). Over 90% of children from the age of 10 have antibodies. The seroprevalence was higher in people with less education. The seroprevalence of immunity vaccine exceeds 90% in the first year after vaccination, but in the second year decreased to 82.6% (95% CI 56.0 - 94.7). Significant differences, attributable to universal vaccination, were found compared to previous surveys. DISCUSSION: Continued surveillance is needed in order to assess the impact of the withdrawal of the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Chickenpox Vaccine/immunology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Infant , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
This study aimed to ascertain the coverage of vaccination against pandemic influenza in individuals aged over 6 months for whom vaccination is indicated due to a chronic health condition using as data source clinical information recorded in the primary care clinical history. Of all those for whom vaccination was indicated (1,114,632), 14.6% (162,616) finally received the vaccine. There were statistically significance differences in coverage for sex (16.5% for men and 13.1% for women), age groups (5% for people under 30 years and 20% for those over 60), number of chronic conditions (11.1% for one condition, 22.5% for two conditions, and 31.3% for three or more conditions) and depending on the chronic health condition considered. The probability of being vaccinated increased with male sex, age, number of indications, type of medical card (lower among no income) and having been vaccinated against 2009 season influenza. We concluded that the coverage finally reached for those people with an indication due to chronic health condition in the H1N1 campaign was much lower than expected and wished. It is essential to investigate the different factors that could have intervened in the behavior of the population so that more efficient approaches can be adopted in future influenza pandemics.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: La Comunidad de Madrid detectó a partir de 1995 un incremento del número de casos de enfermedad meningocócica por serogrupo C. En 1997 se realizó una campaña de inmunización masiva sobre la población de 18 meses a 19 años. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la respuesta inmunitaria producida por la vacuna y su relación con la edad. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionó una muestra de 1.003 niños vacunados durante la campaña. Se extrajo una muestra de sangre antes de la vacunación y tras uno, seis (solo <5a) y doce meses. Para valorar la respuesta inmune se midieron niveles de anticuerpos bactericidas y totales. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de seroconversión medida por anticuerpos bactericidas es 89,6 por ciento. La respuesta es baja en menores de 3 años (34,8 por ciento), aumenta con la edad y a partir de los 7 años supera el 90 por ciento. A los 6 meses, la prevalencia de niveles protectores en menores de 5 años desciende notablemente (31,3 por ciento). Al año, la prevalencia desciende notablemente, especialmente en menores de 7 años. La proporción de individuos con respuesta de anticuerpos totales al mes supera el 90 por ciento y se mantiene elevada al año en todos los grupos edad (97,5 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES: La respuesta medida mediante anticuerpos totales entra en contradicción con la respuesta clínica a la vacunación y la medida mediante anticuerpos bactericidas infraestima la protección si se compara con los resultados de efectividad vacunal, por lo que es necesario buscar indicadores biológicos que se correlacionen de manera adecuada con la respuesta clínica tras la vacunación (AU)
