Applications and Pharmacological Properties of Cactus Pear (Opuntia spp.) Peel: A Review.

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the exploitation of by-products from fruits and vegetables, generated from industrial processing or human feeding. Residues of popularly consumed fruits such as orange, lemon, banana, pomegranate, among others, have been widely described and studied; however, cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) residues, as a locally consumed product, have been forgotten. The whole fruit can be divided into the edible portion (pulp) and the non-edible portion (seeds and peel). Several studies mainly focus on the characteristics of the edible portion or in the whole fruit, ignoring by-products such as peels, which are rich in compounds such as phenols, flavonoids and dietary fiber; they have also been proposed as an alternative source of lipids, carbohydrates and natural colorants. Some uses of the peel have been reported as a food additives, food supplements, as a source of pectins and for wastewater treatment; however, there have not been any deep investigations of the characteristics and potential uses of the cactus pear peel (CPP). The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the current research on CPP. CPP has many bio-active compounds that may provide health benefits and may also be useful in pharmaceutical, food and manufacturing industries; however, greater research is needed in order to gain thorough knowledge of the possibilities of this by-product.

Effects of Strength Training on Body Fat in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Childhood overweight and obesity represent a growing public health problem worldwide. Since the 1980s, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased by 47%. The promotion of exercise is an important intervention to reduce the physical damage of obesity. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the general guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were searched from August to December 2021. The search yielded 722 titles published between 2000 and 2021. After screening the titles and abstracts, 64 duplicate articles were detected, and 27 articles were ultimately included in the systematic review, including 26 articles published in English and one published in Spanish. There was a statistically significant effect of the strength training interventions on the percentage of body fat, Test of 0 i = (p = 0.00, z = 6.92), Test of 0 = (p = 0.00, Q (9) = 42.63). The findings reveal that strength training has a positive impact on the treatment of body fat in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Percepción del adulto joven sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor / Young adult's perception of the sexuality of the older adult

El término sexualidad hace referencia al grupo de convenciones, roles y conductas asociadas a la cultura y que suponen expresiones del deseo sexual, emociones disímiles, relación de poder, mediadas por el sistema de creencias, valores, actitudes, sentimientos y otros puntos referentes a la postura en la sociedad, por ejemplo la raza, grupo étnico y condición social(1). La percepción de las personas sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor, ha creado un efecto de tipo emocional y conductual gracias a mitos, prejuicios, ideologías y actitudes que pueden ocasionar un inadecuado ejercicio de la sexualidad en dicha edad. Objetivo: Este trabajo fue determinar el nivel de prejuicio de adultos jóvenes de 18 a 35 años, respecto a la sexualidad durante la vejez. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño transversal-descriptivo, ya que la investigación se realizó en un período de tiempo específico y las variables no fueron modificadas, sino observadas. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico por disposición de 100 adultos jóvenes de 18 a 35 años de edad en el estado de Hidalgo, México. El instrumento utilizado fue el ‘’Cuestionario de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez (CASV2020)’’, aplicado de manera presencial y con una duración de entre 5 a 10 minutos por participante. El cuestionario categorizaba en estereotipos las variables. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de los participantes. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados en un paquete estadístico SPSS V.21, calculándose medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central. Resultados: La población estudiada consistió en un 28% al género masculino y un 72% al género femenino, al categorizar los datos obtenidos, se logró obtener que 6 ítems se encontraron en un nivel bajo de estereotipo, mientras que 4 ítems correspondieron a un nivel medio y 3 ítems a un nivel muy alto de estereotipo...(AU)

The term sexuality refers to the group of conventions, roles and behaviors associated with culture and that involve expressions of sexual desire, dissimilar emotions, power relationship, mediated by the belief system, values, attitudes, feelings and other points of reference. to position in society, such as race, ethnic group and social status(1). The perception of people about the sexuality of the elderly has created an emotional and behavioral effect thanks to myths, prejudices, ideologies and attitudes that can cause an inappropriate exercise of sexuality at that age. Objective: This work was to determine the level of prejudice of young adults between 18 and 35 years old, regarding sexuality during old age. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional-descriptive design was used, since the research was carried out in a specific period of time and the variables were not modified, but observed. A non-probability sampling was applied by disposition of 100 young adults between 18 and 35 years of age in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. The instrument used was the '' Questionnaire of attitudes towards sexuality in old age (CASV2020)'', applied in person and with a duration of between 5 to 10 minutes per participant. The questionnaire categorized the variables into stereotypes. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. The data obtained were analyzed in a statistical package SPSS V.21, calculating measures of frequency and central tendency. Results: The studied population consisted of 28% male and 72% female, when categorizing the data obtained, it was possible to obtain that 6 items were found at a low level of stereotype, while 4 items corresponded to a level medium and 3 items at a very high level of stereotype. Conclusion: When questioning about the sexuality of the elderly, the participants answered in the central values, that is, neutral, which means that the sample studied presented a low level of prejudice towards the sexuality of the elderly.(AU)

Impacto del nivel de ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos, que presentan trastornos en el neurodesarrollo / Impact of anxiety level in pediatric patients, who have neurodevelopmental disorders

El desarrollo infantil debe ser monitoreado regularmente, para la detección temprana de señales de alarma que indiquen alteraciones en su evolución normal. Esta investigación se deriva de la participación de pacientes pediátricos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Objetivo: Evaluar la ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos que padecen trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Material y Métodos: El diseño metodológico es no experimental, descriptiva, y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 150 pacientes pediátricos de un centro de rehabilitación del estado de Hidalgo, México, con un diagnóstico de trastorno del neurodesarrollo con un rango de edad de 4-17 años. Se aplicó una Escala de Ansiedad de Spence (38 ítems) que se dividía en 6 subescalas. La aplicación comprendió un periodo de 30 días. Resultados: De los 150 participantes, correspondencia con el género femenino 49 y el masculino 101 niños. A partir de esto, se identificó que un 48% de los participantes presentan ansiedad generalizada. Conclusión: Los resultados del examen Spence identifican que las participantes femeninas tienen un nivel alto con 55 puntos para los hombres un nivel alto con 45 puntos y en promedio se identifica que tienen un alto nivel de ansiedad en general con 48 puntos.(AU)

Child development must be monitored regularly, for the early detection of alarm signals that indicate alterations in their normal evolution. This research is derived from the participation of pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective: to evaluate anxiety in pediatric patients suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders. Material and Methods: The methodological design is non-experimental, descriptive and transversal. The sample consisted of 150 pediatric patients from a rehabilitation center in the state of Hidalgo, México, with a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder with an age range of 4-17 years. A Spence Anxiety Scale (38 items) was applied, which was divided into 6 subscales. The application comprised a period of 30 days. Results: Of the 150 participants, correspondence with the female gender 49 and the male 101 children. From this, it was identified that 48% of the participants presented generalized anxiety. Conclusion: The results of the Spence test identify that participating women have a high level with 55 points, for men a high level with 45 points and on average it is identified that they have a high level of anxiety in general with 48 points.(AU)

Study of Edible Plants: Effects of Boiling on Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Physicochemical Properties.

The consumption of vegetables in Mexico includes a wide variety of plants that grow naturally as weeds in the fields. The intake of these vegetables is very important in the Mexican diet because these plants supply an important input of nutrients and compounds such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Thus, the plants may be universally promoted as healthy. However, there is little information about these vegetables of popular consumption, especially in terms of the nutritional changes caused by boiling. To determine the influence of boiling on five plants of popular consumption in Mexico, the nutritional composition (proximal analysis, dietary fiber, and oxalates), antioxidant compounds (ascorbic acid, phenolics), antioxidant activity (measured by ABTS and DPPH assays), and physicochemical characteristics (water retention capacity, viscosity, color, and SEM) were evaluated. The boiling affected the nutritional composition of plants, mainly soluble compounds as carbohydrates (sugars and soluble fiber), ash, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds and caused changes in food hydration and color. Therefore, it is recommended that these plants be consumed raw or with short boiling times and included the cooking water in other preparations to take advantage of the nutrients released in the food matrix. In the future, to complete studies, 3 to 5 min of cooking should be considered to minimize undesirable modifications in terms of the vegetables' composition.

Study of Xoconostle (Opuntia spp.) Powder as Source of Dietary Fiber and Antioxidants.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, and functional characteristics of two cultivars of xoconostle Opuntia xoconostle F.A.C. Weber in Diguet cv. Cuaresmeño (XC) and Opuntia matudae Scheinvar cv. Rosa (XR). The samples were frozen (-32 °C, 48 h), lyophilized (96 h, -55 ± 1 °C, vacuum of 0.040 Mbar), and homogenized (size particle 500 µm) to get the xoconostle powder. Both cultivars (XC and XR) had a high content of carbohydrates characterized by soluble sugars (9.8 ± 0.7 and 29.9 ± 0.5 g/100 g dm) and dietary fiber (30.8 ± 0.7 and 36.8 ± 0.9 g/100 g dm), as well as lower proportions of organic acids, mainly citric acid (18.8 ± 0.0 and 13.6 ± 0.0 mg/100 g dm). These samples also had a high content of phenolic compounds (1580.3 ± 33.1 and 1068.5 ± 70.8 mg GAE/100 g dm), vitamin C (723.1 ± 16 and 320.2 ± 7.5 mg/100 g dm), and antioxidant activity ABTS·+ and DPPH· (between 1348.1 ± 74.0 and 3318.7 ± 178.8 µmol TE/100 g dm). Since xoconostle samples had a high content of dietary fiber, they were characterized by the capacity of water retention (water holding capacity 6.00 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.2 g H2O/g dm) and gel formation (swelling 5.2 ± 0.0 and 5.5 ± 0.0 g H2O/g dm), related with the retention of lipids and glucose in the food matrix similar to other foods. XR was characterized by a higher amount of dietary fiber, sugars and organic acids, while XC had higher phenols content and antioxidant properties, with higher values of functional properties. Then, our data suggest that both xoconostle cultivars in powder can be used as a functional ingredient for its fiber content and antioxidant properties, contributing with sensorial aspects as flavor and color. Therefore, these highly valued products can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.