Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 22
Filter
1.
Cureus ; 13(12): e20133, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34900500

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). It is estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) that nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected. Tuberculoma of the brain is one of the most severe extrapulmonary forms that affects patients younger than 40 years of age. Brain parenchymal tuberculoma develops in nearly one of 300 non-treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. In endemic regions, tuberculomas account for as many as 50% of all intracranial masses. Tuberculoma results in a hematogenous spread of M. tb from an extracranial source. Tuberculomas can mimic a variety of diseases and can present themselves in a subacute or chronic course, from asymptomatic to severe intracranial hypertension. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies with a similar ring-enhancing lesion. Treatment is primarily medical, and the duration for brain tuberculoma can vary from six to 36 months. In certain cases, surgery is recommended.

2.
Adv Respir Med ; 89(1): 8-14, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33660243

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Inhaled medication is the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment for chronic respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is important to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) correctly to get the appropriate dosage and benefit from the drug. Health-care workers (HCW) are responsible for teaching the correct MDI technique. Unfortunately, numerous studies consistently show that HCW have poor MDI technique. This study aimed to evaluate the current knowledge of MDI technique in HCW working in three general hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three general hospitals in Aguascalientes, México. Three surveyors simultaneously scored through a 14 dichotomic questions list as bad, regular, good, and very good MDI technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test or unpaired t-tests. An analysis of one-way ANOVA was used for comparison of three independent general hospitals. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 244 HCWs were surveyed: 78.3% were nurses whereas 21.3% were physicians. The inter-observer concor-dance analysis among observers was 0.97. We observed that 32.4% (79) performed a bad technique, 51.6% (126) a regular technique, 13.5% (33) a good one, and 2.5% HCW (6) a very good technique. No difference between gender, labor category, schedule, service, age, seniority, and education degree between the three hospitals was observed. The most common mistakes were "insufficient expiration prior to activation of the device", and "the distance the inhaler was placed for inhalation" (83 and 84% respectively). CONCLUSION: We observed that a high percentage of HCW do not follow the MDI technique correctly, being this percentage even higher than the reported in other studies. These observations suggest the urgent need to establish frequent training programs for the correct use of MDI.


Subject(s)
Asthma/drug therapy , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy , Metered Dose Inhalers/statistics & numerical data , Administration, Inhalation , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hospitals, General , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Nebulizers and Vaporizers/statistics & numerical data , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data
3.
Molecules ; 25(23)2020 Dec 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33276556

ABSTRACT

According to data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. More than 60% of the new annual cases in the world occur in Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America, with 70% of cancer deaths in these regions. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 266,120 new cases in American women and an estimated 40,920 deaths for 2018. Approximately one in six women diagnosed with breast cancer will die in the coming years. Recently, novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented in the fight against breast cancer, including molecules able to block signaling pathways, an inhibitor of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), growth receptor blocker antibodies, or those that reactivate the immune system by inhibiting the activities of inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1). However, novel targets include reactivating the Th1 immune response, changing tumor microenvironment, and co-activation of other components of the immune response such as natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells among others. In this article, we review advances in the treatment of breast cancer focused essentially on immunomodulatory drugs in targeted cancer therapy. Based on this knowledge, we formulate a proposal for the implementation of combined therapy using an extracorporeal immune response reactivation model and cytokines plus modulating antibodies for co-activation of the Th1- and natural killer cell (NK)-dependent immune response, either in situ or through autologous cell therapy. The implementation of "combination immunotherapy" is new hope in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we consider the coordinated activation of each cell of the immune response that would probably produce better outcomes. Although more research is required, the results recently achieved by combination therapy suggest that for most, if not all, cancer patients, this tailored therapy may become a realistic approach in the near future.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Immunotherapy/methods , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
4.
Biomed Rep ; 9(5): 375-382, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30345037

ABSTRACT

Worldwide, lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of all diagnosed lung cancer cases. Chemotherapy is considered the standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC; however, the tumors can develop mechanisms that inactivate these drugs. Comparative genomic analyses have revealed that disruptions in the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway are frequent in NSCLC, although Nrf2 mutations occur less frequently than Keap1 mutations. As the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway appears to be a primary regulator of key cellular processes that aid to resist the action of chemotherapy drugs, the clinical implementation of Nrf2 inhibitors in patients with advanced NSCLC may be a useful therapeutic approach for patients harboring KEAP1-NRF2 mutations. The aim of the present review was to highlight findings of how constitutive Nrf2 activation may be a specific biomarker for predicting patients most likely to benefit from classical chemotherapy drugs, overall improving patient survival rate.

5.
Cancer Cell Int ; 15: 47, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26221079

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Most of the knowledge about the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in lung cancer has been achieved through the use of cell lines isolated from tumours cultivated either in suspensions of isolated cells or in monolayers and following exposition to different cytostatic agents. However, tumour cell lines growing as multicellular tumour spheroids (MTS) frequently develop multicellular resistance in a drug-independent form. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and functional differences between two human NSCLC cell lines (INER-37 and INER-51) grown as traditional monolayer cultures versus as MTS. METHODS: After 72 hours treatment with anticancer drugs, chemosensitivity in monolayers and tumour spheroids cultures was assessed using MTT assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the mRNAs of multidrug resistance-related genes. The expression of P-gp was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and cell cycle profiles were analyzed using FACS. RESULTS: The results indicate that when grown as MTS each lung cancer cell line had different morphologies as well as and abrogation of cell proliferation with decrease of the G2/M phase. Also, MTS acquired multicellular resistance to several chemotherapeutic agents in only a few days of culture which were accomplished by significant changes in the expression of MDR-related genes. CONCLUSION: Overall, the MTS culture changed the cellular response to drugs nevertheless each of the cell lines studied seems to implement different mechanisms to acquire multicellular resistance.

6.
Lung Cancer (Auckl) ; 3: 79-89, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28210127

ABSTRACT

Recent biological advances in tumor research provide clear evidence that lung cancer in females is different from that in males. These differences appear to have a direct impact on the clinical presentation, histology, and outcomes of lung cancer. Women are more likely to present with lung adenocarcinoma, tend to receive a diagnosis at an earlier age, and are more likely to be diagnosed with localized disease. Women may also be more predisposed to molecular aberrations resulting from the carcinogenic effects of tobacco, but do not appear to be more susceptible than men to developing lung cancer. The gender differences found in female lung cancer make it mandatory that gender stratification is used in clinical trials in order to improve the survival rates of patients with lung cancer.

7.
Virol J ; 8: 451, 2011 Sep 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21943279

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported on the presence of Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-like gene sequences in human cancer tissue specimens. Here, we search for MMTV-like gene sequences in lung diseases including carcinomas specimens from a Mexican population. This study was based on our previous study reporting that the INER51 lung cancer cell line, from a pleural effusion of a Mexican patient, contains MMTV-like env gene sequences. RESULTS: The MMTV-like env gene sequences have been detected in three out of 18 specimens studied, by PCR using a specific set of MMTV-like primers. The three identified MMTV-like gene sequences, which were assigned as INER6, HZ101, and HZ14, were 99%, 98%, and 97% homologous, respectively, as compared to GenBank sequence accession number AY161347. The INER6 and HZ-101 samples were isolated from lung cancer specimens, and the HZ-14 was isolated from an acute inflammatory lung infiltrate sample. Two of the env sequences exhibited disruption of the reading frame due to mutations. CONCLUSION: In summary, we identified the presence of MMTV-like gene sequences in 2 out of 11 (18%) of the lung carcinomas and 1 out of 7 (14%) of acute inflamatory lung infiltrate specimens studied of a Mexican Population.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/virology , Carcinoma/virology , Genes, env , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics , Pneumonia/virology , Retroviridae Infections/virology , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Animals , Base Sequence , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma/genetics , Carcinoma/pathology , DNA Primers , DNA, Viral/genetics , Databases, Genetic , Female , Genetic Testing , Humans , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/isolation & purification , Mexico/epidemiology , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation , Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia/genetics , Pneumonia/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology , Retroviridae Infections/genetics , Retroviridae Infections/pathology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology , Tumor Virus Infections/genetics , Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
8.
Cancer Sci ; 96(11): 774-83, 2005 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16271071

ABSTRACT

Topoisomerase (topo) II alpha is a target for many chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use. In tumor cells resistant to topo II poisons, there have been descriptions of quantitative and qualitative alterations involved in this enzyme. More recently, the cytoplasmic localization of topo II alpha has been described as a mechanism to confer drug resistance. Here, we report the characterization of a human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line, INER-37, which shows an innate resistance to etoposide. In this cell line, etoposide resistance was directly associated with the expression of topo II alpha resident mainly in the cytoplasmic region. At the molecular level, INER-37 cells carry on a heterozygous gene deletion, transcribing two different topo II alpha mRNAs: 4.8 kb and 2.0 kb. The bigger 4.8 kb mRNA (missing 1.3 kb of 3' mRNA and including the untranslated region) is translated into a truncated cytoplasmic protein of approximately 160 kDa. The protein truncation affects at least 96 amino acids in the COOH-terminal region where the more proximal bipartite nuclear localization signal is located. The INER-37 cell line is the first cancer cell line reported with an innate mutation affecting the 3'-end region of the topo II alpha gene that confers a cytoplasmic localization of the enzyme and therefore an increased resistance to etoposide.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/biosynthesis , DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis , Etoposide/pharmacology , Etoposide/pharmacokinetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis , Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics , Cytoplasm/chemistry , Cytoplasm/enzymology , DNA Mutational Analysis , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/analysis , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Tumor Cells, Cultured
9.
Cancer Cell Int ; 5(1): 20, 2005 Jul 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16001980

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 gene product, can lead to multidrug resistance in tumours. However, the physiological role of P-gp in tumours growing as multicellular spheroids is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that P-gp activity may be modulated by cellular components such as membrane proteins, membrane-anchoring proteins or membrane-lipid composition. Since, multicellular spheroids studies have evidenced alterations in numerous cellular components, including those related to the plasma membrane function, result plausible that some of these changes might modulate P-gp function and be responsible for the acquisition of multicellular drug resistance. In the present study, we asked if a human lung cancer cell line (INER-51) grown as multicellular spheroids can modify the P-gp activity to decrease the levels of doxorubicin (DXR) retained and increase their drug resistance. RESULTS: Our results showed that INER-51 spheroids retain 3-folds lower doxorubicin than the same cells as monolayers however; differences in retention were not observed when the P-gp substrate Rho-123 was used. Interestingly, neither the use of the P-gp-modulating agent cyclosporin-A (Cs-A) nor a decrease in ATP-pools were able to increase DXR retention in the multicellular spheroids. Only the lack of P-gp expression throughout the pharmacological selection of a P-gp negative (P-gpneg) mutant clone (PSC-1) derived from INER-51 cells, allow increase of DXR retention in spheroids. CONCLUSION: Thus, multicellular arrangement appears to alter the P-gp activity to maintain lower levels of DXR. However, the non expression of P-gp by cells forming multicellular spheroids has only a minor impact in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.

11.
Salud pública Méx ; 42(6): 511-9, nov.-dic. 2000. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-280357

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar los principales síntomas, la presentación clínica y las alteraciones radiológicas de pacientes con mesotelioma maligno (MM), admitidos en una institución gubernamental especializada en enfermedades del tórax. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el cual se revisaron los registros médicos y radiológicos de pacientes diagnosticados con MM, admitidos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), en la ciudad de México, de 1991 a 1998. Se incluyeron los siguientes datos: edad, ocupación, exposición a asbestos, latencia, historia familiar en relación con otras neoplasias, sintomatología clínica y alteraciones radiológicas. Se calcularon porcentajes por sexo y grupo de edad. Resultados. Se encontraron 45 casos con MM, y en 80 por ciento de ellos no se pudo documentar historia exposicional a asbestos. El grupo de edad con mayor frecuencia se encontró entre los 51-60 años. Disnea y dolor torácico fueron los principales síntomas. Las anormalidades radiológicas estuvieron constituidas por derrame y engrosamiento pleural en 75 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones. La presentación clínica y las anormalidades radiológicas en pacientes con MM sin historia de exposición a asbestos fueron similares a las de los pacientes con antecedentes de exposición a asbestos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Asbestos/adverse effects , Exhibition , Mesothelioma/diagnosis , Mesothelioma , Clinical Diagnosis , Mexico/epidemiology , Signs and Symptoms
12.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Cancerol. (Méx.) ; 46(1): 64-69, ene.-mar. 2000. ilus, tab, graf, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-294877

ABSTRACT

La aplasia pura de serie roja (APSR) es un síndrome clínico definido por la disminución de precursores eritroides maduros. Los pacientes con esta enfermedad presentan reticulopenia pero su cuenta de plaquetas y granulocitos es normal. La patofisiología es heterogénea y puede ser congénita o adquirida. En su forma secundaria, se encuentra asociada con distintos tipos de tumores como los timomas, las leucemias y los linfomas. El interés del caso que presentamos es la presencia de una aplasia pura de serie roja en un paciente con un mesotelioma. El tratamiento utilizado para esta aplasia consistió en el uso de prednisona y eritropoyetina recombinante humana. Ninguno de los tratamientos utilizados mejoró la anemia, por lo que el paciente fue mantenido a base de transfusiones periódicas. Por otra parte, el mesotelioma es una neoplasia muy agresiva con una vida media de tan solo dos a ocho meses. El paciente presentó una sobrevida de 18 meses y un estado físico aceptable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/diagnosis , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/physiopathology , Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure/drug therapy , Mesothelioma/complications , Mesothelioma/pathology , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use
13.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 9(2): 136-40, abr.-jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180504

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un enfermo con un aneurisma de la arteria braquiocefálica que ingresó al Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias con síntomas de infección de las vías respiratorias. La radiografía simple de tórax revelaba una imagen que semejaba una tumoración en el mediastino superior. Con este diagnóstico inicial, se iniciaron los estudios de laboratorio y gabinete correspondientes; sin embargo, el paciente falleció en forma súbita al siguiente día de su ingreso. La autopsia reportó un aneurisma de la arteria braquiocefélica (antes arteria innominada), que días antes se había roto el espacio mediastinal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Aneurysm/pathology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Autopsy , Brachiocephalic Trunk/pathology
14.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 9(1): 35-8, ene.-mar. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180602

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Obtenido el diagnóstico, basado en el estudio clínico, radiológico e histopatológico de cáncer pulmonar, se practicó mediastinoscopia para dar soporte a la realización de exéresis pulmonar en ausencia de metástasis en los linfonodos del mediastino. Métodos: La mediastinoscopia se realizó en 46 enfermos de ambos sexos con el diagnóstico de cáncer pulmonar, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (México, D.F.). Resultados: Por medio de la mediastinoscopia relizada en 25 pacientes, se extirparon nodos linfáticos del mediastino, que fueron estudiados anatomopatológicamente. Se encontró que la variedad histológica más frecuente correspondió a la epidermoide en 13 (52 por ciento) enfermos, adenocarcinoma en 8 (32.0 por ciento), carcinoma de células pequeñas a 3. (12.0 por ciento), células grandes en uno (4.0 por ciento). Todos los resultados obtenidos coincidieron con el diagnóstico logrado clínica, radiológica e histológicamente antes de la exploración mediastinal. En 17 enfermos, el resultado fue negativo y en 4 el material fue insuficiente para realizar el estudio. Conclusión: La mediastinoscopia, al resultar positiva, elimina la posibilidad quirúrgica, y si es negativa la fortalece


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mediastinoscopy , Mediastinoscopy/instrumentation , Mediastinoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Lymph Nodes
15.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 9(1): 39-42, ene.-mar. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180603

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El progreso técnico logrado en la fabricación del equipo e instrumental del toracoscopio, la evolución de las técnicas del equipo d imagenología y anatomopatología, han permitido que la biopsia pulmonar obtenida por toracoscopia, se convierta en un procedimiento de diagnóstico confiable y seguro, al proporcionar al patólogo un fragmento tisular de buena calidad para realizar los pocedimientos y las tinciones para el estudio histopatológico. Material y método. La biopsia pulmonar por toracoscopia se realizó en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (México, D.F.) a 110 enfermos clinicorradiológicamente sospechosos de padecer cáncer broncogénico. Resultados. Fueron 84 (74.37 por ciento) biopsias positivas que confirmaron la existencia del cáncer pulmonar. En 58 pacientes (69.05 por ciento) el diagnóstico fue adenocarcinoma; en 15 (17.85 por ciento) carcinoma epidermoide; en 6 (7.14 por ciento) cáncer de células pequeñas; 3 (3.58 por ciento) de células grandes y carcinoma adenoescamoso y mixto 1 (1.19 por ciento) de cada uno. En esta comunicación se revisa la técnica, el instrumental usado, la indicaciones y los cuidados que deben tenerse para disminuir las complicaciones en la biopsia por toracoscopia: Además, se mencionan los diversos procedimientos de preparación y de tinción de la biopsia para el estudio histopatológico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los resultados logrados en el aspecto diagnóstico con la toracoscopia. Conclusión. La toracoscopia es un recurso valioso de dignóstico endoscópico que se utiliza para obtener un biopsia de tamaño suficiente en los enfermos sospechosos de ser portadores de cáncer broncogénico. En el tejido obtenido se realizan las tinciones necesarias para poderlas estudiar microscópicamente y así poder fundamentar un diagnóstico histológico de seguridad y confiabilidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thoracoscopy
16.
Rev. invest. clín ; 48(1): 69-79, ene.-feb. 1996. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180641

ABSTRACT

Los linfocitos T reconocen antígenos a través de un receptor llamado RcT, por medio de las moléculas del complejo de histocompatibilidad. Responden lisando las células que portan los antígenos, o bien, liberan citocinas que son los mediadores de la respuesta inmune. Se conocen dos isotipos de RcT: el gama/delta y el alfa/beta, mismos que aparecen en ese orden durante la ontogenia de los linfocitos T. La selección del RcT, durante la ontogenia tímica, se realiza mediante eventos moleculares que participan en los procesos de regulación de la expresión génica del RcT. El propósito de la presente revisión es hacer un análisis molecular, estructural y funcional del RcT, y correlacionar esta información con los eventos extra e intracelulares que regulan su expresión génica en linfocitos T humanos, y asimismo analizar la participación del RcT en las enfermedades infecciosas y autoimunes


Subject(s)
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte , Communicable Diseases/immunology , /genetics , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/ultrastructure , Signal Transduction
17.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 8(4): 291-6, oct.-dic. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-167578

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer primario de pulmón, que ingresaron en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias de 1984 a 1992. Se estudió a 1,019 pacientes con cáncer primario de pulmón, y en ellos se valoraron los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos para obtener el diagnóstico, utilizando todos los recursos de estudio. Clasificamos el grado de avance del cáncer en cada enfermo. Encontramos que la gran mayoría presentaban estados avanzados de la enfermedad. Para recibir tratamiento quirúrgico, fueron seleccionados y clasificados en estadios I, II ó IIIA. Fue un grupo pequeño en el que fue posible practicar lobectomía o neumonectomía; los resultados inmediatos fueron buenos, pero desconocemos su evolución a mediano plazo. Un grupo importante de pacientes fue tratado con diferentes esquemas de radioterapia, quimioterapia o ambos; en este grupo, los resultados obtenidos fueron poco satisfactorios, pues la mayoría falleció en corto tiempo sin haber obtenido, con el tratamiento, mejorías importantes del cáncer pulmonar. Por lo anterior, consideramos que, en la actualidad, el cáncer primario de pulmón es un padecimiento grave y, cuando se manifiesta clínicamente, es mortal a corto plazo con o sin tratamiento. Para mejorar el pronóstico, es necesario incrementar las campañas de educación y orientación en la población adulta que tenga o no antecedentes de tabaquismo


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Therapy/adverse effects , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Staging , Pneumonectomy , Radiotherapy , Smoking/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
18.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 8(4): 297-301, oct.-dic. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-167579

ABSTRACT

Se relatan los resultados clínicos y radiográficos obtenidos en un estudio prospectivo efectuado a enfermos con carcinoma broncogénico comprobado histológicamente, internados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) de 1984 a 1992. El estudio fue realizado por un grupo interdisciplinario de médicos del INER y del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan). Se confirmó la relación que existe entre el cáncer pulmonar y el tabaquismo. Se muestran los síntomas y signos que orientan al médico en el diagnóstico de tumor maligno pulmonar. La radiografía posteroanterior de tórax fue de vital importancia en la detección temprana en sujetos asintomáticos. En los casos avanzados, las imágenes radiográficas se pueden confundir con otras patologías pulmonares. No fue posible hacer una correlación precisa entre el tipo de cáncer y el cuadro clínico radiográfico; sin embargo, se describen algunas posibilidades


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic , Lung Neoplasms , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology , Smoking/adverse effects
19.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 8(3): 236-9, jul.-sept. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162081

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un enfermo con quiste pulmonar, de origen congénito confirmado histológicamente, que no dio manifestaciones clínicas hasta la edad adulta. La escasa sintomatología se manifestó cuando el quiste alcazó un tamaño importante y ejerció compresión sobre órganos adyacentes. Los estudios radiográficos ponen de manifiesto la imagen típica de este padecimiento. El tratamiento fue la exéresis quirúrgica. El estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza resecada confirmó la existencia de epitelio respiratorio, fibras musculares lisas y de dos bronquiolos de 1 mm de diámetro que establecían comunicación con el resto del árbol bronquial


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Mediastinum , Bronchogenic Cyst/surgery , Bronchogenic Cyst/congenital , Bronchogenic Cyst/physiopathology , Thoracoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Tomography/statistics & numerical data
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 37(4): 344-353, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-167392

ABSTRACT

El sistema inmune es una red intrincada en la que participan diferentes tipos de células y de moléculas. La acción coordinada de todos sus elementos permite que se desarrolle una respuesta eficaz contra la célula tumoral. Sin embargo, los tumores presentan diversos mecanismos de evasión que permiten el desarrollo del mismo. En esta revisión se presentan eventos celulares y moleculares que participan en la regulación de la respuesta inmune contra tumores. Se discute la interacción de distintas moléculas como las del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad, receptor de antígenos de linfocitos T, moléculas de adhesión, antígenos tumorales y citocinas, así como lo más reciente sobre los mecanismos de escape tumoral e inmunoterapia


The immune system is a tight network of different types of cells and molecules. The coordinated action of these elements mounts a precise immune response against tumor cells. However, these cells present several escape mechanisms, leading to tumor progression. This paper shows several cellular and molecular events involved in the regulation of the immune response against tumor cells. The interaction of several molecules such as MHC, TcR, adhesins, tumor antigens and cytokines are discussed, as well as the most recent knowledge about escape mechanisms and immunotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cell Adhesion , Immunotherapy, Active , Interleukins/immunology , Interferons/immunology , Interferons/cerebrospinal fluid , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Immunotherapy , Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology , Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology , Neoplasms/immunology , Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms/therapy , Receptors, Antigen/immunology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...