Support Networks for Exclusive Breastfeeding (SNEB). A conceptual approach and characterization in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the conceptualization and graphical characterization of Exclusive Breastfeeding Support Networks (EBSN) in Mexico. METHODS: Through a sample design stratified by federal entity with state significance at 95%, a questionnaire was administered online via Microsoft Forms to a representative sample of 2989 women whose primiparity occurred in Mexico. The questionnaire primarily focused on sociodemographic data of the mothers and the structure of their EBSNs during primiparity. RESULTS: In this work, EBSNs are defined as networks mainly composed of women, whose function is to share knowledge and experiences about breastfeeding, as well as to provide emotional and physical support to breastfeeding mothers, contributing to strengthening the emotional and caregiving bonds between mothers and their newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Sankey diagrams were employed for the characterization of EBSNs, revealing that the mother of the primipara is generally the main node, resulting in a network with greater flow and reach. Conversely, when the first node is not related to the primipara, the networks tend to be smaller and with less flow.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio se centra en la conceptualización y la caracterización gráfica de las Redes de Apoyo a la Lactancia Materna Exclusiva (RALME) en México. MÉTODOS: Mediante un diseño muestral estratificado por entidad federativa con significancia estatal al 95%, se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, a través de Microsoft Forms, a una muestra representativa de 2989 mujeres cuya primiparidad fue en México. El cuestionario se enfocó principalmente en datos sociodemográficos de las madres y en la estructura de sus RALME durante la primiparidad. RESULTADOS: En este trabajo se definen las RALME como redes compuestas mayormente por mujeres, cuya función es compartir conocimientos y experiencias sobre la lactancia, así como ofrecer apoyo emocional y físico a madres lactantes, contribuyendo a fortalecer los lazos afectivos y de cuidado entre las madres y sus recién nacidos. CONCLUSIONES: Para la caracterización de las RALME se utilizó el diagrama de Sankey, revelando que la madre de la primípara es generalmente el nodo principal, lo que resulta en una red con mayor flujo y alcance. Por el contrario, cuando el primer nodo no tiene parentesco con la primípara, las redes tienden a ser más reducidas y con menor flujo.

La salud mental como derecho humano en Quintana Roo, México. Análisis desde la disciplina de la política pública / Mental health as a human right in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Analysis from the discipline of public policy

Resumen En la literatura académica son muy escasos los esfuerzos en los que se analiza, desde la disciplina de la política pública, a un derecho humano específico. Para este trabajo se analizará el caso de la salud mental como derecho humano en Quintana Roo, México. Para dar cumplimiento a lo anterior, se planteó una metodología de revisión histórico-documental que permitió analizar si existen elementos básicos de política pública en materia de salud mental en Quintana Roo. Entre los resultados se encontró que, si bien ya existe un piso mínimo de política pública, no hay condiciones de infraestructura suficientes para poder considerar a la salud mental como derecho humano. Esto deja abierta la puerta a que este trabajo sea el ápice de la discusión sobre la necesidad de generar políticas públicas enfocadas a generar infraestructura física que permitan, en el mediano y largo plazo, considerar la idea de que la salud mental sea derecho humano.

Abstract An elementary condition of any human right is that once it appears in legislation, the government, be it federal, regional or local, is obliged to provide both legal and political conditions as well as physical infrastructure to guarantee full access and enjoyment of the human right in question. Thus, in the academic literature, the analysis of human rights focuses mainly on those which already have that status (access to education, non-discrimination, political rights, children's rights, indigenous rights, women's rights, political rights, property rights, human rights for older adults), leaving aside those which do not yet have a status as human right, but which it should be, such as mental health, for example. And it is precisely on this topic that this document focuses. From the foregoing, it follows the observation that it is very evident that academic discussions on human rights focus on jurisprudential and jurisdiction issues, however, there are very few articles where these are analyzed from the discipline of public policy, and are stillness where the viability of a right to become a human right is analyzed from a perspective where psychology and public policy are involved. Even though health in its broadest definition considers mental health as one of its components, the reality is that public health policy has prioritized physical health over mental health, which is undoubtedly an operationalization bias. This forces a review of the conditions that exist to elevate mental health as a human right in the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico. In order to comply with the above sentence, a vast documentary review as first carried out, mainly of the World Health Organization (WHO) and its guidelines on the design and implementation of health policy, as well as statistics on the situation of mental health and some mental disorders both in the world and in Mexico. The conceptual part is supported in the discussion of basic concepts of public policy, for example o, transversality. The selection of this concept is due to the fact that theoretically public policies, from their conception as a public problem, through their design and management, to their evaluation, must be aligned both horizontally and vertically, that is, they must be coherent between what is mandated and legislates in the federal, state and municipal order and must be appropriate with other policies of the government order in question. Another important part of the conceptual discussion centers on the definition of the human rights. The proposed methodology involved cabinet and documentary work, both legal and newspaper, and official documents by the Mexican and Quintana Roo government to analyze the legal and policy conditions, mainly the basic elements of transversality, governance and public policies design about mental health in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Among the results, it can be found that although there is already a minimum floor in legal matters at the federal level, even at the state level, even though initiatives have been presented from the government itself and from non-governmental entities, it is difficult to think that in In the short term, there are sufficient political, public policy and infrastructure conditions to position mental health as a human right in Quintana Roo. This leaves the door open for this work to be the apex of the discussion on the need and urgency to generate public policies, both in legal terms, as well as budgetary, administrative, operational, and physical infrastructure that allows for the short, medium, and long term. Consider the idea that mental health is a human right in both Quintana Roo and Mexico.

Pituicitoma hipofisario / No disponible

Los pituicitomas son una entidad poco frecuente incluida en la Clasificación de los Tumores del Sistema Nervioso de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2007. Son lesiones originadas en la neurohipófisis y han sido confundidas durante años con otros tumores hipofisarios. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 31 años diagnosticada de una lesión supraselar en el contexto de un estudio de infertilidad debida a un hipogonadismo-hipogonadotropo con prolactina ligeramente aumentada, a la que se realizó un abordaje pterional consiguiendo su exéresis completa. Tras la cirugía aparecieron hemianopsia bitemporal, diabetes insípida y panhipopituitarismo, y los 2 últimos se corrigieron en pocas semanas. Realizamos además una revisión de sus presentaciones clínicas y radiográficas más frecuentes, así como de los tratamientos planteados en los casos publicados (AU)

[Pituitary pituicytoma]. / Pituicitoma hipofisario.

Pituicytomas are rare entities which develop in the neurohypophysis. They were included in the last World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumours in 2007, but for many years they have been confused with other pituitary tumours. We report the case of a 31-year-old woman who was diagnosed of a tumour in the suprasellar region during an infertility study due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and slight hyperprolactinemia. A standard pterional approach was performed, achieving total tumour excision. After the surgery the patient suffered bitemporal hemianopsia, diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism, although she recovered from the latter 2 in a few weeks. We conducted a review of the most common clinical and radiological features of this entity, as well as the treatments proposed in the literature to treat this rare tumour.