Caloric midpoint is associated with total calorie and macronutrient intake and body mass index in undergraduate students.

Studies have suggested that eating at later times may be a risk factor for being overweight. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of caloric midpoint on the anthropometric profile and calorie and macronutrient intake during the day. The study included 718 Brazilian undergraduate students (20.5 ± 2.9 years old; 67% women). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and the diurnal variation of calorie consumption was evaluated by caloric midpoint average time at which 50% of daily energy were consumed. Participants were classified into two groups according to caloric midpoint median; early eaters (caloric midpoint ≤ 3:00 pm) or late eaters (caloric midpoint > 3:00 pm). Body weight and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was determined. Generalized linear models adjusted for confounding variables were used to determine the association between variables. The late eaters presented higher BMI when compared to early eaters (23.0 kg/m2 ± 0.3 vs. 22.1 kg/m2 ± 0.2, respectively; p = .02). Late eaters reported a higher total daily consumption of energy (p < .001) and proportion consumed after 9:00 pm (p < .001), as well as total daily carbohydrate (p < .001), protein (p < .001), fat (p < .001), saturated fat (p < .001), and cholesterol (p = .04) intake when compared with early eaters. We conclude that concentrating food intake later in the day is associated with higher total energy and macronutrient intake as well as a higher average BMI.

Repair of congenital heart disease with associated pulmonary hypertension in children: what are the minimal investigative procedures? Consensus statement from the Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Task Forces, Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI).

Standardization of the diagnostic routine for children with congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-CHD) is crucial, in particular since inappropriate assignment to repair of the cardiac lesions (e.g., surgical repair in patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance) may be detrimental and associated with poor outcomes. Thus, members of the Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Task Forces of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute decided to conduct a survey aimed at collecting expert opinion from different institutions in several countries, covering many aspects of the management of PAH-CHD, from clinical recognition to noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures and immediate postoperative support. In privileged communities, the vast majority of children with congenital cardiac shunts are now treated early in life, on the basis of noninvasive diagnostic evaluation, and have an uneventful postoperative course, with no residual PAH. However, a small percentage of patients (older at presentation, with extracardiac syndromes or absence of clinical features of increased pulmonary blood flow, thus suggesting elevated pulmonary vascular resistance) remain at a higher risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes. These patients need a more sophisticated diagnostic approach, including invasive procedures. The authors emphasize that decision making regarding operability is based not only on cardiac catheterization data but also on the complete diagnostic picture, which includes the clinical history, physical examination, and all aspects of noninvasive evaluation.

As dimensões atitudinais e conceituais dos conteúdos na educação física escolar / Attitidinal and conceitual dimensios of content in school physical education / Dimensiones conceptuales y actitudinales de los contenidos de la educación física escolar

A discussão sobre o trato com as questões conceituais e atitudinais nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar começou a partir da divulgação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, no intuito de evidenciar a necessidade de se trabalhar numa vertente humanista que ultrapasse o saber procedimental. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a literatura que aborda as dimensões atitudinais e conceituais dos conteúdos desenvolvidos nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram analisados sete periódicos que realizaram discussões de Educação Física Escolar em suas edições eletrônicas entre os anos de 1997 e 2011. Identificamos que os professores observados nos estudos desenvolvem inúmeros conteúdos atitudinais e conceituais em suas aulas.

The discussion about dealing with conceptual issues and attitudinal classes in Physical Education started from the disclosure of the National Curriculum, in order to highlight the need to work in a humanistic dimension that goes beyond procedural knowledge. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the literature that addresses the conceptual and attitudinal dimensions of content developed in Physical Education classes. We performed a literature search. We analyzed seven journals that carry discussions of Physical Education in their electronic editions between the years 1997 and 2011. We found that the teachers observed in numerous studies develop conceptual and attitudinal contents in their classes.

El debate sobre cómo tratar con los problemas conceptuales y actitudinales en las clases de Educación Física comenzó a partir de la divulgación del Plan de Estudios Nacional, con el fin de poner de relieve la necesidad de trabajar en una dimensión humanística que va más allá del conocimiento procedimental. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la literatura que aborda las dimensiones conceptuales y actitudinales de los contenidos desarrollados en las clases de Educación Física. Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura. Se analizaron siete revistas que llevan las discusiones de la Educación Física en sus ediciones electrónicas entre los años 1997 y 2011. Se encontró que los maestros observados en numerosos estudios se desarrollan contenidos conceptuales y actitudinales en sus clases.