One-year all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis and COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, but whether these patients have a higher long-term mortality risk is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 958 patients admitted with COVID-19 infection or those with ESRD admitted for any other reason between February 2020 and August 2020. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and mortality. The primary outcome was all-cause 1-year mortality. The secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We used primarily logistic regression models to assess the mortality risk. RESULTS: In total, 651 patients without ESRD with COVID-19 (COVID+ESRD-), 259 with ESRD without COVID-19 (ESRD+COVID-), and 48 with ESRD with COVID-19 (COVID+ESRD+) were hospitalized between February 2020 and August 2020. Patients were followed after discharge until September 2021. The all-cause 1-year mortality rates were 24% in patients with COVID+ESRD-, 22% in ESRD+COVID- patients, and 40% in those with COVID+ESRD+ (p < 0.05). Compared to the COVID+ESRD- group, the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for all-cause 1-year mortality in the COVID+ESRD+ group was 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16 - 3.91) and 2.15 (95% CI,1.12 - 4.14), respectively. The unadjusted and adjusted OR for all-cause in-hospital mortality in the COVID+ESRD+ group was 1.79 (95% CI, 0.92 - 3.49); and 1.79 (95% CI, 0.88 - 3.65), respectively. We found no statistically significant difference between the COVID+ESRD- and ESRD+COVID- groups for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID+ESRD+ have significantly higher odds for all-cause 1-year mortality compared to COVID+ESRD- patients. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms of long-term mortality risk in ESRD patients with COVID-19 infection.

Caracterización de la capa híbrida en dentina intraradicular pretratada con hipoclorito de sodio al 5,25% usando dos agentes cementantes con sistemas adhesivos de auto y grabado convencional / Characterization of hybrid layer intraradicular dentin pretreated with sodium hypochlorite 5.25% using two cementing agents with auto adhesives and conventional engraving

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: En la actualidad, la rehabilitación de dientes tratados endodónticamente representa una gran demanda para el ejercicio profesional del rehabilitador oral. Por esta razón, surge la necesidad de identificar y manejar los procesos básicos y los determinantes biológicos que influencian un buen proceso de adhesión dentinal. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la capa híbrida en dentina intraradicular pretratada con hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) al 5,25% usando dos agentes cementantes con sistemas adhesivos de auto y grabado convencional. Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionaron 40 dientes premolares unirradiculares que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 4 grupos. Grupo A (dentina pretratada con NaClO al 5,25% y cementado con cemento Relyx® Ultimate (3M), grupo B (control del grupo A, sin pretratamiento de dentina); grupo C (dentina pre-tratada con NaClO al 5,25% y cementado con cemento paraCore®) y grupo D: Control del grupo C, sin pretratamiento de dentina. Los dientes fueron seccionados transversalmente y se analizó la presencia de capa híbrida en los tercios cervical y medio radicular a través de microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el grosor de la capa híbrida de dientes pretratados con NaClO al 5,25% y cementados con paraCore® en comparación a los cementados con Relyx® ultimate valor p = 0,023 para la prueba de Anova.

Abstract Introduction and objective: At present, the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth is a huge demand for professional in oral rehabilitation. For this reason, the need to identify and manage the core processes and biological determinants that influence a good process of dentinal adhesion. The aim of this study was to characterize the hybrid layer in dentin intraradicular pretreated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 5.25 % using two cementing agents with self adhesive systems and conventional etching. Materials and Methods: 40 single-rooted premolar teeth which were randomized into 4 groups were selected. Group A: dentin pretreated with 5.25% NaClO 5.25% and RelyX® Ultimate cemented with cement (3M). Group B: (control group A, without pretreated dentin). Group C: dentin pretreated with NaClO 5.25% and cemented with cement ParaCore® and group D: Control group, not pretreated of dentin. The teeth were transected and the presence of hybrid layer was analyzed in cervical thirds and root medium by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Statistically significant differences in the thickness of the hybrid layer of teeth pretreated with NaClO 5.25% met and bonded with paraCore® compared to cementated with RelyX® Ultimate value p = 0.023 Anova test.

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS SOLUCIONES DE CLORHEXIDINA AL 2% Y AL 0, 2% EN PREPARACIONES CAVITARIAS EN ODONTOLOGÍA: UNA REVISIÓN / CHARACTERISTICS OF 2% AND 0. 2% CHLORHEXIDINE SOLUTIONS IN CAVITATION PREPARATIONS IN DENTISTRY: A REVIEW

Al analizar el estudio de la durabilidad en las restauraciones dentales, la clorhexidina aparece como un agente antibacteriano de amplio espectro, con capacidad de inhibir la actividad proteolítica de algunas enzimas que pueden degradar las fibras colágenas de la capa híbrida y de aumentar la capacidad de adhesión en una restauración. Este artículo analiza los aspectos generales en las soluciones de clorhexidina a dos concentraciones diferentes, observando los beneficios o desventajas que presentan sobre el barrillo dentinario y la posibilidad de que una restauración tenga mejor fijación sobre la dentina. Para la obtención del material, se realizó una búsqueda basada en la literatura, utilizando como fuente las bases de datos PubMed y Scielo. Se emplearon los descriptores de búsqueda: "clorhexidine", "dentine", "solutions", y se relacionaron con los términos: "cavity preparations", "desadaptaciones", "recurrence decay". Los resultados de la presente revisión evidencian que las sustancias de clorhexidina en el campo odontológico son de gran utilidad e importancia porque proporcionan múltiples resultados cuando son aplicadas en procesos de restauración y tejidos adyacentes a la misma. Al aplicar el 2% de clorhexidina, esta presenta mejor eficacia que si se aplicara solo el 0,2%.

In analyzing the study of durability in dental restorations, chlorhexidine appears as a broad spectrum antibacterial agent capable of inhibiting the proteolytic activity of some enzymes that can degrade the collagen fibers of the hybrid layer and increase the adhesion capacity In a restoration. This article analyzes the general aspects of chlorhexidine solutions at two different concentrations, observing the benefits or disadvantages they present on the dentin barrel and the possibility that a restoration has better fixation on the dentin. To obtain the material, a search was made based on the literature, using as source the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search descriptors were used: "chlorhexidine", "dentine", "solutions", and related to the terms "cavity preparations", "recurrence decay". The results of the present review show that chlorhexidine substances in the dental field are of great utility and importance because they provide multiple results when applied in restoration processes and tissues adjacent to it. When applying 2% chlorhexidine, it presents Better than 0.2%.

Perdas auditivas congênitas e adquiridas na infância / Congenital and Adquired Deafness in Childhood

A deficiência auditiva na infância constitui grave problema médico e social que altera a capacidade de comunicação e aprendizado - e muitas vezes exclui a criança do convívio social. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a dificuldade de se obter um diagnóstico etiológico preciso, a importância da prevenção da surdez evitável e do diagnóstico precoce da deficiência auditiva na infância. Material e métodos: Esta pesquisa foi realizada no instituto Felipe Smaldone (escola especializada na estimulação e desenvolvimento do deficiente auditivo), em Belém /PA, no período de dezembro de 1996 a fevereiro de 1997. Foram catalogadas aí 150 crianças, na faixa etária de 2 a 13 anos, de ambos os sexos, dando-se importância principalmente às possíveis causas de deficiência auditiva na infância, e se relacionando também o tipo e o grau de deficiência auditiva. Resultados: Nos resultados observouse o predomínio das causas passíveis de prevenção, como a rubéola congênita (32 casos - 22%), meningite (20 casos - 13%) e o uso de drogas ototóxicas (14 casos - 9%). Conclusão: Não se pode deixar de enfatizar o grande número de casos que permaneceram com origem desconhecida devido principalmente a má informação, desconhecimento ou omissão dos pais e familiares no momento do interrogatório, o que demonstra a grande dificuldade em se obter um diagnóstico etiológico preciso, constituindo assim um desfio ao otorrinolaringologista.

The childhood deafness constitutes a serious social medical problem which impairs both communication and learning abilities, reflecting many times on a poor social interaction of the child. Purposes: The purposes of this work are: to demonstrate the difficulty of providing patients with a precise etiologic diagnosis, the importance of preventing the available deafness and that of the early diagnosis for the childhood deafness. Material and method: This research has been developed at Felipe Smaldone Institute (a speciality school to teach children deafness) from Belém /PA, in the period within December 1996 and February 1997. Meanwhile,150 children from both sexes between the ages of 3 and 13 years have been registered, giving importance mainly to the possible causes for the childhood deafness and relating the type and degree of deafness. Results: The result showed predomination of those causes which are available, such as: congenit rubeolla (32 cases 22%), meningitis (20 cases - 13%), and the use of ototoxis drugs (14 cases - 9%). Conclusion: It's important to emphasize the large number of cases whose origins remain unidentified due to lack of information or patents' omission which accounts for the difficulty in obtaining a precise etiological diagnosis and thus still defying otorhynolaringologists.