Serious Game on a Smartphone for Adolescents Undergoing Hemodialysis: Development and Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with chronic kidney disease have a hard time adhering to hemodialysis as a therapy, indicating a need to establish new alternatives for motivation and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a serious game to stimulate and motivate adolescents undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: We describe the technological production followed by a qualitative analysis. We invited 8 adolescents undergoing hemodialysis in the city Goiânia, located in the midwest of Brazil, to participate. The final convenience sample included 7 (87.5% of the target population) adolescents. The process was conducted in 3 phases: creation of a serious game, evaluation of its use, and observation of its motivating effect on behavioral modification with a focus on acquiring the necessary competence for self-care. RESULTS: An app (Bim) in the modality of a serious game was developed to be used during hemodialysis; the player was encouraged to take care of a character with daily actions during his or her treatment. The game was made available to adolescents aged 10-14 years. Mobile devices were offered during the hemodialysis treatment for a period of 30-40 minutes, 3 times a week for 60 days. The usage definitions of the game were freely chosen by the participants. The qualitative evaluation of the use of the Bim app showed that it encompasses scenarios and activities that enable the exercise of daily actions for the treatment of patients. The behavioral evaluation showed that the Bim app worked as a motivating stimulus for behavioral adherence to hemodialysis requirements. CONCLUSIONS: The easy-to-access app interface showed good operability for its users. The description of the character and proposed activities contributed to motivation and ability to cope with hemodialysis care.

Model of single-sized endotracheal tube for adults / Modelo de tubo endotraqueal de tamanho único para adultos

ABSTRACT Objective To simulate different diameters of endotracheal tubes and to verify the fluid dynamics aspects by means of flow and resistance measurements. Methods Fluid dynamics software was used to calculate mean flow and airway resistance in endotracheal tube with a diameter of 6.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0mm at normal body temperature and under constant pressure. The same measurements were taken in the fusion of the first 22cm of a 9.0mm endotracheal tube with 10.0mm diameter, and with the end part in 12cm of a 6.0mm endotracheal tube with 7.0mm diameter. Results The fusion of the first 22cm of an endotracheal tube of 10.0mm diameter with the terminal part in 12cm of an endotracheal tube of 6.0mm diameter, preserving the total length of 34cm, generated average flow and airway resistance similar to that of a conventional 7.5mm endotracheal tube. Conclusion This simulation study demonstrates that a single-sized endotracheal tube may facilitate endotracheal intubation without causing increased airway resistance.

RESUMO Objetivo Simular diferentes diâmetros de tubos endotraqueais e verificar os aspectos fluidinâmicos, considerando medições de fluxo e resistência. Métodos Foi utilizado um software de fluidinâmica para calcular o fluxo médio e a resistência das vias aéreas nos tubos endotraqueais com diâmetro de 6,0, 7,0, 7,5, 8,0, 9,0 e 10,0mm, em temperatura corporal normal e pressão constante. As mesmas medidas foram realizadas na fusão dos primeiros 22cm de um tubo endotraqueal de 9,0 e 10,0mm de diâmetro, com a parte terminal em 12cm de um tubo endotraqueal de 6,0 e 7,0mm de diâmetro. Resultados A fusão dos primeiros 22cm de um tubo endotraqueal de diâmetro 10,0 mm com a parte terminal em 12cm de um tubo endotraqueal de 6,0mm de diâmetro, preservando o comprimento total de 34cm, gerou fluxo médio e resistência de vias aéreas semelhantes aos de um tubo endotraqueal convencional de 7,5mm. Conclusão Um tubo endotraqueal de tamanho único pode facilitar a intubação endotraqueal, sem causar aumento de resistência na via aérea.

Model of single-sized endotracheal tube for adults.

OBJECTIVE: To simulate different diameters of endotracheal tubes and to verify the fluid dynamics aspects by means of flow and resistance measurements. METHODS: Fluid dynamics software was used to calculate mean flow and airway resistance in endotracheal tube with a diameter of 6.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0mm at normal body temperature and under constant pressure. The same measurements were taken in the fusion of the first 22cm of a 9.0mm endotracheal tube with 10.0mm diameter, and with the end part in 12cm of a 6.0mm endotracheal tube with 7.0mm diameter. RESULTS: The fusion of the first 22cm of an endotracheal tube of 10.0mm diameter with the terminal part in 12cm of an endotracheal tube of 6.0mm diameter, preserving the total length of 34cm, generated average flow and airway resistance similar to that of a conventional 7.5mm endotracheal tube. CONCLUSION: This simulation study demonstrates that a single-sized endotracheal tube may facilitate endotracheal intubation without causing increased airway resistance.

Aplicativos como estratégia de ensino na doença renal crônica infantil: uma revisão da literatura / APPS as strategy of teaching for child with chronic kidney disease: a review of literature

OBJETIVOS: realizar um levantamento sobre o desenvolvimento de aplicativos voltados para o paciente renal crônico infantil no Brasil e propiciar uma reflexão sobre sua contribuição no âmbito do autocuidado. MÉTODO: Utilizou se revisão da literatura, com consulta às bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO entre janeiro e abril de 2016.Foram identificados 73 artigos e selecionados 14 para o estudo. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas publicações abordando dispositivos voltados para pacientes renais, porém os estudos escolhidos discutem o potencial dos aplicativos para promoção da saúde através do repasse de informações, melhoria na comunicação, estímulo à autonomia e inclusão social. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização dessa tecnologia na saúde surge como estratégia de ensino-aprendizado, sendo factível como ferramenta para a criança portadora de doença renal. Dessa forma, propõe-se validar o BIM, aplicativo com vistas à educação para percepção de saúde, autocuidado e melhoria na qualidade de vida dessa população.

OBJECTIVES: to conduct a survey on the development of applications facing child chronic renal patients in Brazil and provide a reflection on their contribution in the self-care. METHOD: We used literature review, in consultation with the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and SCIELO between January and April 2016. We identified 73 articles and 14 selected for the study. RESULTS: Publications addressing facing devices for renal patients were not found, but studies chosen discuss the potential of health promotion for applications through the transfer of information, improved communication, stimulating autonomy and social inclusion. CONCLUSION: The use of this technology in health emerges as a teaching and learning strategy is feasible as a tool for child with kidney disease. Thus, it is It proposes to validate BIM app with a view to education for perceived health, self-care and improve the quality of life of this population.

Effectiveness of the endotracheal tube cuff on the trachea: physical and mechanical aspects / Eficácia do balonete do tubo endotraqueal sobre a traqueia: aspectos físicos e mecânicos

Introduction: The inflation pressure of the endotracheal tube cuff can cause ischemia of the tracheal mucosa at high pressures; thus, it can cause important tracheal morbidity and tracheal microaspiration of the oropharyngeal secretion, or it can even cause pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation if the pressure of the cuff is insufficient. Objective: In order to investigate the effectiveness of the RUSCH® 7.5 mm endotracheal tube cuff, this study was designed to investigate the physical and mechanical aspects of the cuff in contact with the trachea. Methods: For this end, we developed an in vitro experimental model to assess the flow of dye (methylene blue) by the inflated cuff on the wall of the artificial material. We also designed an in vivo study with 12 Large White pigs under endotracheal intubation. We instilled the same dye in the oral cavity of the animals, and we analyzed the presence or not of leakage in the trachea after the region of the cuff after their deaths (animal sacrifice). All cuffs were inflated at the pressure of 30 cmH2O. Results: We observed the passage of fluids through the cuff in all in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Conclusion: We conclude that, as well as several other cuff models in the literature, the RUSCH® 7.5 mm tube cuffs are also not able to completely seal the trachea and thus prevent aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. Other prevention measures should be taken. .

Introdução: A pressão de insuflação do balonete (cuff) do tubo endotraqueal tanto pode causar isquemia de mucosa traqueal em pressões elevadas, e assim ocasionar morbidade traqueal importante, quanto pode causar microaspiração traqueal de secreção de orofaringe ou, ainda, ocasionar pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica, caso a pressão do balonete seja insuficiente. Objetivo: A fim de investigar a eficácia do balonete do tubo endotraqueal RUSCH® 7,5mm, este estudo foi desenhado para investigar aspectos físicos e mecânicos do balonete em contato com a traqueia. Métodos: Para isto, foi desenvolvido modelo experimental in vitro para avaliar o escoamento de corante (azul de metileno) pelo balonete insuflado na parede de material artificial. Também foi desenhado estudo in vivo com 12 porcos da raça Large-White sob intubação endotraqueal. Foi instilado o mesmo corante na cavidade oral do animal e após óbito (sacrifício do animal) foi analisada a presença ou não de vazamento deste na traqueia pós-região do balonete. Todos os balonetes foram insuflados na pressão de 30 cmH2O. Resultados: Houve passagem de fluidos pelo balonete em todos os modelos experimentais in vitro e in vivo. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que, assim como diversos outros modelos de balonetes na literatura, balonetes do tubo RUSCH® 7,5mm também não são capazes de vedar completamente a traqueia e com isso prevenir aspiração de secreções orofaríngeas. Outras medidas para a prevenção devem ser tomadas. .

Effectiveness of the endotracheal tube cuff on the trachea: physical and mechanical aspects.

INTRODUCTION: The inflation pressure of the endotracheal tube cuff can cause ischemia of the tracheal mucosa at high pressures; thus, it can cause important tracheal morbidity and tracheal microaspiration of the oropharyngeal secretion, or it can even cause pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation if the pressure of the cuff is insufficient. OBJECTIVE: In order to investigate the effectiveness of the RUSCH® 7.5 mm endotracheal tube cuff, this study was designed to investigate the physical and mechanical aspects of the cuff in contact with the trachea. METHODS: For this end, we developed an in vitro experimental model to assess the flow of dye (methylene blue) by the inflated cuff on the wall of the artificial material. We also designed an in vivo study with 12 Large White pigs under endotracheal intubation. We instilled the same dye in the oral cavity of the animals, and we analyzed the presence or not of leakage in the trachea after the region of the cuff after their deaths (animal sacrifice). All cuffs were inflated at the pressure of 30 cmH2O. RESULTS: We observed the passage of fluids through the cuff in all in vitro and in vivo experimental models. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, as well as several other cuff models in the literature, the RUSCH® 7.5 mm tube cuffs are also not able to completely seal the trachea and thus prevent aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. Other prevention measures should be taken.

The interpretation of the figure of the prophet Jonah by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel: anatomical urological vision.

PURPOSE: A detailed analysis in the iconography and pictorial appearance of the scene of the "Prophet Jonah" painted by the artist Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel between the years 1508 and 1512. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature review on the Italian Renaissance period and the life of Michelangelo Buonarroti and analysis of historical aspects of the evolution of studies of human anatomy in this period and the works of the artist. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of the representation of the figure of the fish on the left thigh of "Jonah " with a cross section of penis shows a curious similarity. The pictorial and iconographic analysis reveals an intensity of light on the pubic area and the position of the prophet with the legs spread apart and left hand placed on this region. A tube-shaped cloth covers the region and the angel at the side seems to be looking at this anatomical region of "Jonah". In fact, sets of iconographic and pictorial relate to the deciphered code. CONCLUSIONS: This description helps to confirm the relationship of the Renaissance art with the human anatomy; science has been much studied in this period. The design of a cross section of the penis is revealed with the two cavernous bodies with the septum between them and the spongy body. Considering the circumstances in which Michelangelo had painted, subjectivity was fundamental due to religious motivations added to the vigorous implications of a limited scientific knowledge typical of that era.

The interpretation of the figure of the prophet Jonah by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the sistine chapel: anatomical urological vision

PURPOSE:A detailed analysis in the iconography and pictorial appearance of the scene of the "Prophet Jonah" painted by the artist Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel between the years 1508 and 1512. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Literature review on the Italian Renaissance period and the life of Michelangelo Buonarroti and analysis of historical aspects of the evolution of studies of human anatomy in this period and the works of the artist. RESULTS:A comparative analysis of the representation of the figure of the fish on the left thigh of "Jonah" with a cross section of penis shows a curious similarity. The pictorial and iconographic analysis reveals an intensity of light on the pubic area and the position of the prophet with the legs spread apart and left hand placed on this region. A tube-shaped cloth covers the region and the angel at the side seems to be looking at this anatomical region of "Jonah". In fact, sets of iconographic and pictorial relate to the deciphered code. CONCLUSIONS: This description helps to confirm the relationship of the Renaissance art with the human anatomy; science has been much studied in this period. The design of a cross section of the penis is revealed with the two cavernous bodies with the septum between them and the spongy body. Considering the circumstances in which Michelangelo had painted, subjectivity was fundamental due to religious motivations added to the vigorous implications of a limited scientific knowledge typical of that era.

Tubo endotraqueal atraumático para ventilação mecânica / Atraumatic endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation / Fijación atraumática de tubo endotraqueal para ventilación mecánica

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Pacientes que necessitam permanecer sob intubação endotraqueal (IOT) por longos períodos ou, se submetidos à anestesia geral, poderão ter lesões na luz da traqueia devido a pressões exercidas pelo balonete terminal. Em alguns casos, essas lesões poderão evoluir para estenose ou, ocasionalmente, necrose. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar um tubo endotraqueal modificado (TETM) em que a pressão do balonete é variável de acordo com o ciclo da ventilação mecânica (VM), sendo o mesmo testado em simulador pulmonar e modelo animal. MÉTODO: Em simulador pulmonar acoplado a ventilador mecânico ajustado com dois volumes correntes (VC) de 10 e 15 mL.kg-1 e complacência de 60 mL.cmH2O-1, foram utilizados dois modelos de tubos endotraqueais: um modificado (TETM) e outro convencional (TETC), números (#) 7,5 mm e 8,0 mm, para avaliar a eficiência da ventilação com o TETM. Realizou-se também a comparação entre os dois modelos, em porcos da raça Large-White, sob anestesia geral e VM por 48 horas consecutivas. Posteriormente, os animais foram sacrificados para análise histopatológica das traqueias. RESULTADOS: Ambos os TETMs (#7,5 e 8,0) apresentaram escape de ar no simulador pulmonar. O menor escape de ar (13 por cento) foi observado no TETM #7,5 mm com VC = 15 mL.kg-1 e o maior (32 por cento) no TETM #8,0 mm, com VC = 10 mL.kg-1. Apesar disso, ambos os TETMs apresentaram boa eficiência no simulador pulmonar. Na avaliação do uso dos TETs em animais com análise histopatológica de suas traqueias, verificou-se que o TETM causou menos áreas traumáticas em seu epitélio em comparação ao TETC. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de um novo modelo de TET poderá diminuir os riscos de lesão traqueal sem prejuízo à mecânica respiratória.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients who need to stay under endotracheal intubation for long periods or when undergoing general anesthesia may develop tracheal lumen injuries due to pressure from distal cuff. In some cases, these injuries may evolve to stenosis or, occasionally, necrosis. The objective of this study was to present a modified endotracheal tube (METT) in which the cuff pressure is variable according to the cycle of mechanical ventilation (MV), which was tested on a lung simulator and animal model. METHODS: Two models of endotracheal tubes, a modified (METT) and a conventional (CETT), number 7.5 mm and 8.0 mm, were connected to a lung simulator in a mechanical ventilator adjusted with two tidal volumes (TV) of 10 and 15 mL.kg-1 and a compliance of 60 mL.cmH2O to evaluate the ventilatory efficiency of METT. Both models were also compared in Large-White pigs under general anesthesia and MV for 48 consecutive hours. Subsequently, animals were sacrificed for histopathological analysis of their tracheas. RESULTS: Both METTs (#7.5 and 8.0) presented air leaks in lung simulator. The smallest air leak (13 percent) was observed in METT #7.5 with TV = 15 mL.kg-1, while the largest air leak (32 percent) was observed in METT #8.0 with TV = 10 mL.kg-1. Nevertheless, both METTs showed good efficiency on the lung simulator. In animals, on histopathological analysis of their tracheas, it was found that METT caused less trauma to the epithelium when compared to CETT. CONCLUSION: The use of a new model of ETT may decrease the risks of tracheal injury without hindering respiratory mechanics.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Pacientes que necesitan permanecer bajo intubación endotraqueal (IOT), durante largos períodos o que tienen que ser sometidos a la anestesia general, podrán tener lesiones en la luz de la tráquea debido a presiones ejercidas por el balón terminal. En algunos casos, esas lesiones podrán evolucionar para una estenosis o a veces necrosis. El presente trabajo quiso presentar un tubo endotraqueal modificado (TETM), en que la presión del balón varía de acuerdo con el ciclo de la ventilación mecánica (VM), siendo el mismo testado en un simulador pulmonar y modelo animal. MÉTODO: En un simulador pulmonar acoplado a un ventilador mecánico y ajustado con dos volúmenes corrientes (VC) de 10 y 15 mL.kg-1 y complacencia de 60 mL.cmH2O-1, fueron utilizados dos modelos de tubos endotraqueales: uno modificado (TETM), y el otro convencional (TETC), números (#) 7,5 mm y 8,0 mm, para evaluar la eficiencia de la ventilación con el TETM. También se hizo la comparación entre los dos modelos, en cerdos de la raza Large-White, bajo anestesia general y VM por 48 horas consecutivas. Posteriormente, los animales se sacrificaron para el análisis histopatológico de las tráqueas. RESULTADOS: Los dos TETMs (#7,5 y 8,0) presentaron un escape de aire en el simulador pulmonar. El menor de los escapes de aire (13 por ciento), fue visto en el TETM #7,5 mm, con VC = 15 mL.kg-1, y el mayor (32 por ciento) en el TETM #8,0 mm, con VC = 10 mL.kg-1. A pesar de eso, los dos TETMs presentaron una buena eficacia en el simulador pulmonar. En la evaluación del uso de los TETs en animales, analizando la histopatología de sus tráqueas, verificamos que el TETM causó menos áreas traumáticas en su epitelio en comparación con el TETC. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de un nuevo modelo de TET podrá disminuir los riesgos de lesión traqueal sin prejudicar la mecánica respiratoria.

[Atraumatic endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation]. / Fijación atraumática de tubo endotraqueal para ventilaciónmecánica.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients who need to stay under endotracheal intubation for long periods or when undergoing general anesthesia may develop tracheal lumen injuries due to pressure from distal cuff. In some cases, these injuries may evolve to stenosis or, occasionally, necrosis. The objective of this study was to present a modified endotracheal tube (METT) in which the cuff pressure is variable according to the cycle of mechanical ventilation (MV), which was tested on a lung simulator and animal model. METHODS: Two models of endotracheal tubes, a modified (METT) and a conventional (CETT), number 7.5 mm and 8.0 mm, were connected to a lung simulator in a mechanical ventilator adjusted with two tidal volumes (TV) of 10 and 15 mL.kg(-1) and a compliance of 60 mL.cmH(2)O to evaluate the ventilatory efficiency of METT. Both models were also compared in Large-White pigs under general anesthesia and MV for 48 consecutive hours. Subsequently, animals were sacrificed for histopathological analysis of their tracheas. RESULTS: Both METTs (#7.5 and 8.0) presented air leaks in lung simulator. The smallest air leak (13%) was observed in METT #7.5 with TV = 15 mL.kg(-1), while the largest air leak (32%) was observed in METT #8.0 with TV = 10 mL.kg(-1). Nevertheless, both METTs showed good efficiency on the lung simulator. In animals, on histopathological analysis of their tracheas, it was found that METT caused less trauma to the epithelium when compared to CETT. CONCLUSION: The use of a new model of ETT may decrease the risks of tracheal injury without hindering respiratory mechanics.

Angiomiolipoma de fossa infratemporal / Infratemporalis fossa angiomyolipoma

Angiomiolipomas são neoplásicas mesenquimais benignas que ocorrem principalmente no córtex renal. Ocorrem mais comumente em pacientes com esclerose tuberosa chegando a 50% destes casos (doença de Bourneville) e também em indivíduos normais. A forma extra-renal é rara. Descreveremos um caso de angiomiolipoma de fossa infratemporal diagnosticado e ressecado por acesso tipo degloving. A coloração por HE levantou a suspeita diagnóstica, o que foi confirmado por imunoistoquímica. O diagnóstico, procedimento cirúrgico e aspectos patológicos da doença serão discutidos.

Angiomyolipomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms that occur mainly in renal cortex. They may arise in patients with tuberous sclerosis reaching up to 50% of this cases (Bourneville?s disease), occurring also in normal individuals. Extrarenal angiomyolipomas are rare. We describe a case of diagnosed and resected angiomyolipoma in infratemporalis fossa, made by a degloving approach. H&E stain made this diagnosis suspicious, and it was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Diagnosis, surgery procedure and pathological features regarding this pathology are discussed.

Management of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: institutional experience of a case series.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland tumor management requires long-term follow-up because of tumor indolence and possible late recurrence and distant metastasis. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for 10-15% of such tumors. The aim here was to evaluate surgical and clinical management, staging and follow-up of ACC patients in one academic institution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Head and Neck Service, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Data on 21 patients treated between 1993 and 2003 were reviewed. Management utilized clinical staging, histology and imaging. Major salivary gland tumor extent was routinely assessed by preoperative ultrasonography. Diagnosis, surgery type, margin type (negative/positive), postoperative radiotherapy and recurrence (presence/absence) were evaluated. RESULTS: There were eleven major salivary gland tumors (52.3%), seven submandibular and four parotid. Ten patients (47.7%) had minor salivary gland ACC (all in palate), while the submandibular was the most frequently affected major one. Diagnoses were mostly via fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and incision biopsy. Frozen sections were used for six patients. There was good ultrasound/FNA correlation. Sixteen (76%) had postoperative radiotherapy. One (4.7%) died from ACC and five now have recurrent disease: three (14.2%) locoregional and two (9.5%) distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Adenoid cystic carcinoma has locally aggressive behavior. In 21 cases, of ACC, the facial nerve was preserved in all except in the few with gross tumor involvement. Treatment was defined from physical examination, imaging, staging and histology.

A drenagem pleural pré-hospitalar: apresentação de mecanismo de válvula unidirecional / Pre-hospital chest drainage: presention one-way valve mechanism

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar um mecanismo de válvula unidirecional para substituição do selo de água na drenagem pleural tubular fechada, em ambiente pré-hospitalar, bem como registrar os resultados de seu uso inicial no SAMU-Campinas/SP/Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas 22 (vinte e duas) drenagens pleurais com válvula em doentes vítimas de traumatismo ou pneumotórax espontâneo, todos em ambiente pré-hospitalar, de forma prospectiva, não randomizada. RESULTADOS: O débito total de líquidos através da válvula variou de zero a 1500 ml, com média de 700 ± 87,4 ml, para um tempo de percurso em média de 18 ± 1,1 minutos, variando de 8 a 26 minutos. A frequência cardíaca inicial foi 120 ± 2,7 bpm e final de 100 ± 2 bpm (p 0,00) e a frequência respiratória inicial foi 24 ± 0,8 ipm e o valor final foi de 15 ± 0,3 ipm (p 0,03). Houve apenas duas falhas mecânicas do sistema e uma foi corrigida pela substituição da mesma, trazudindo num índice de sucesso de 95,4 por cento neste trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Levando em conta exame físico inicial com o exame físico final, bem como pela quantificação de débitos, concluímos que a válvula mostrou-se eficiente e funcionante, e que é segura para o uso em urgências pré-hospitalares.

Management of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: institutional experience of a case series

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Tumores de glândulas salivares exigem acompanhamento clínico por longos períodos devido à evolução indolente dessas neoplasias e à possibilidade tardia de recidivas locais e metástases a distância. O carcinoma adenóide cístico (CAC) compreende 10% a 15% dos tumores de glândulas salivares. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a conduta terapêutica, o estadiamento e o acompanhamento de pacientes com CAC em cabeça e pescoço em instituição de ensino. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. MÉTODOS: Revemos o tratamento do CAC de 21 pacientes tratados entre 1993 e 2003. Os pacientes foram estadiados conforme os critérios clínicos da União Internacional Contra o Câncer (UICC) de 1998 e o tratamento foi baseado na avaliação clínica e imagenológica. RESULTADOS: 11 tumores estavam localizados nas glândulas salivares maiores (52,3%), sendo sete em glândula submandibular e quatro em parótida. Em 10 pacientes (47,7%), os tumores estavam em glândulas salivares menores (todos em palato). Quando ocorreram em glândula salivar maior, a submandibular foi a mais acometida. O diagnóstico foi realizado quase sempre por punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) ou biópsia. Biópsia por congelação no intraoperatório foi realizada em seis pacientes. Obtivemos boa correlação entre o ultra-som e a PAAF. Em 16 pacientes (76%), a radioterapia pós-operatória foi realizada. Um dos pacientes (4,7%) foi a óbito pelo CAC e cinco tiveram recidivas da doença, sendo três locoregionais (14,2%) e dois (9,5%) por metástases a distância. CONCLUSÃO: Carcinoma adenóide cístico apresenta comportamento agressivo localizado. Em 21 casos, o nervo facial foi preservado, exceto nos raros pacientes com invasão grosseira pelo tumor. O tratamento baseou-se no exame físico, exames de imagem, estágio do tumor e diferenciação histológica.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma at the base of the tongue: an unusual location.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a malignant neoplasm of low aggressiveness that occurs almost exclusively in the minor salivary glands, primarily those in the palate. We report a case of PLGA that arose in the base of the tongue and subsequently metastasized to the neck. The tumor was resected through the oral cavity with wide margins and dissection. The neck metastasis was treated with radical neck dissection and radiotherapy. The patient recovered and remained disease-free at follow-up 30 months later. This case shows that PLGA, which has a variable morphologic appearance, can occur at sites other than the salivary glands.

Parapharyngeal space tumors: considerations in 26 cases

Context: Parapharyngeal space tumors comprise less than 0.5 per cent of all head and neck neoplasms. The majority of these tumors are benign, but surgery is usually required to establish the diagnosis and treat the patients. We present 26 patients treated surgically for tumors arising in the parapharyngeal space (PPS) at the State University of Campinas Hospital - UNICAMP. Cases Serie: Of these, 17 (65.5 per cent) had benign and 9 (34.6 per cent) malignant neoplasms. The surgical and pathological data relevant to these cases are highlighted, observing any local recurrence, surgical complications and the five-year survival. Neurogenic tumors and soft tissue sarcomas were, respectively, the most frequent benign (35.3 per cent) and malignant neoplasms (44.5 per cent). Benign tumors accounted for the majority of the cases and involved minimal surgical morbidity with no recurrence during a median follow-up of five years. Malignant tumors had a high rate recurrence and mortality. Surgery is the treatment of choice for PPS tumors. A knowledge of the anatomy of this site is essential for the safe performance of surgical procedures. Malignant neoplasms have a poor prognosis. Fine needle aspiration was helpful in diagnosis of all tumors.

A importância dos exames subsidiários na avaliaçäo pré-operatória em hospital comunitário: análise de 1.500 pacientes / The role of the subsidiary laboratory tests in preoperative evaluation at a community hospital: analysis of 1.500 pacientes

Foram analisados 1.500 pacientes cirúrgicos tratados em hospital comunitário (1.700 procedimentos). Foi avaliada a distribuiçäo da casuística pelos fatores sexo, idade, porte cirúrgico, classificaçäo de estado físico, cirurgias realizadas, doenças associadas, anestesia empregada e exames subsidiários solicitados. Estes dados foram confrontados com a incidência de complicaçöes intra e pós-operatórias. Estudada igualmente a ocorrência de complicaçöes nos casos da näo realizaçäo dos exames subsidiários analisados. Os resultados näo foram significativos na avaliaçäo de: hemoglobina (p=0,8752), glicemia(p=0,7110), uréia(p=0,2228), hematócrito(p=0,2139), creatinina(p=0,9412), análise urinária(p=0,5144), raio x de tórax(p=0,2941) e porte cirúrgico(p=0,7231). Foram significativos em eletrocardiograma de pacientes masculinos(p=0,00395). As conclusöes finais foram qua a realizaçäo rotineira de exames pré-operatórios em hospital comunitário näo apresentou correspondente melhora nos resultados obtidos e näo incrementou a capacidade de prediçäo de complicaçöes. Infere-se que a solicitaçäo de cada um deles especificamente deve basear-se exclusivamente em critérios originários de adequada avaliaçäo clínica prévia

Retalho miocutâneo pediculado com o peitoral maior para reconstruçao em cabeça e pescoço / Pediculate myocutaneous flap of the pectoralis major for the reconstruction following resection of advanced head and neck tumors

Entre os anos de 1985 a 1990 foram estudados retrospectivamente 42 pacientes com neoplasia maligna em estado avançado na regiao da cabeça e pescoço , sendo utilizado na reconstruçao destes, o retalho miocutâneo pediculado do peitoral maior. O propósito do estudo foi analisar as indicaçoes, anatomia, técnica cirúrgica e a morbidade pós-operatória associadas a este versátil retalho em nosso meio. O índice de complicações foi de 34,8 por cento (l5 retalhos) sendo que em todos os casos o tratamento destas complicações foram de fácil manuseio

Retalho fasciocutaneo interosseo posterior. Casos clinicos / Posterior interosseous fasciocutaneous flap. Clinical reports

Sao descritos dois casos clinicos onde foi utilizado o retalho fasciocutaneo interosseo posterior para reconstruçao de defeitos cirurgicos na pele do antebraço. Os autores fazem comentarios sobre as bases anatomicas, principais indicaçoes clinicas e sobre a tecnica de confecçao do retalho. Em um dos pacientes foi utilizado o retalho fasciocutaneo com circulaçao anterograda e no outro a circulaçao foi retrograda