Effects on Biochemical Parameters and Animal Welfare of Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus, Lowe 1834) by Feeding CTX Toxic Flesh.

Ciguatera is a foodborne disease caused by ciguatoxins (CTXs), produced by dinoflagellates (genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa), which bioaccumulate in fish through the food web, causing poisoning in humans. Currently, the physiological mechanisms of the species with the highest amount of toxins in their adult stage of life that are capable of causing these poisonings are poorly understood. Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is a relevant fishing species and is part of the CTX food chain in the Canary Islands. This study developed an experimental model of dietary exposure featuring adult dusky groupers with two diets of tissue naturally contaminated with CTXs (amberjack and moray eel flesh) with two different potential toxicities; both groups were studied at different stages of exposure (4, 6, 10, 12, and 18 weeks). The results showed that this species did not show changes in its behavior due to the provided feeding, but the changes were recorded in biochemical parameters (mainly lipid and hepatic metabolism) that may respond to liver damage and alterations in the homeostasis of the fish; more research is needed to understand histopathological and cytotoxic changes.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of probiotic use on inflammatory biomarkers and disease prevention in cattle.

The aim of this study was to appraise the available evidence on the effectiveness of probiotic treatment on mature cattle immunity, inflammation, and disease prevention. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to analyse studies that were eligible to answer the following research question: "in cattle of at least 6-months of age, is the use of probiotics associated with immunomodulatory and inflammatory responses, and clinical disease outcomes?" Our literature search yielded 25 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. From these studies, only 19 were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis due to data limitations and differences in study population characteristics. Included studies were assessed for bias using a risk assessment tool adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. GRADE guidelines were used to assess the quality of the body of evidence at the outcome level. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager and R. The overall quality of evidence at the outcome level was assessed as being very low. On average, the treatment effect on immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and ß-hydroxybutyrate (BoHB) for cows receiving probiotics did not differ from control cows. Exposure to probiotics was not associated with reduced risk of reproductive disorders (pooled RR = 1.02 95 % CI = 0.81-1.27, P = 0.88). There is insufficient evidence to support any significant positive effects of probiotics on cattle immunity and disease prevention. This lack of consistent evidence could be due to dissimilarities in the design of the included studies such as differences in dosage, dose schedule, diet composition and/or physiological state of the host at the time of treatment.

A Retrospective Literature Evaluation of the Integration of Stress Physiology Indices, Animal Welfare and Climate Change Assessment of Livestock.

In this retrospective study, we conducted a desktop-based analysis of published literature using the ScienceDirect™ search engine to determine the proportion of livestock research within the last 7 years (2015-2021) that have applied animal welfare assessment combining objective measures of physiological stress and evaluation of climate change factors in order to provide an account of livestock productivity. From the search results, 563 published articles were reviewed. We found that the majority of the literature had discussed animal production outcomes (n = 491) and animal welfare (n = 453) either individually or in conjunction with another topic. The most popular occurrence was the combination of animal welfare assessment, objective measures of stress physiology and production outcomes discussed collectively (n = 218). We found that only 125 articles had discussed the impact of climate change (22.20%) on livestock production and/or vice versa. Furthermore, only 9.4% (n = 53) of articles had discussed all four factors and published research was skewed towards the dairy sector. Overall, this retrospective paper highlights that although research into animal welfare assessment, objective measures of stress and climate change has been applied across livestock production systems (monogastrics and ruminants), there remains a shortfall of investigation on how these key factors interact to influence livestock production. Furthermore, emerging technologies that can boost the quantitative evaluation of animal welfare are needed for both intensive and extensive production systems.

Description of Behavioral Patterns Displayed by a Recently Weaned Cohort of Healthy Dairy Calves.

Animals display movement patterns that can be used as health indicators. The movement of dairy cattle can be characterized into three distinct cluster types. These are cluster type 1 (resting), cluster type 2 (traveling), and cluster type 3 (searching). This study aimed to analyze the movement patterns of healthy calves and assess the relationship between the variables that constitute the three cluster types. Eleven Holstein calves were fitted with GPS data loggers, which recorded their movement over a two week period during spring. The GPS data loggers captured longitude and latitude coordinates, distance, time and speed. It was found that the calves were most active during the afternoon and at night. Slight inconsistencies from previous studies were found in the cluster movements. Cluster type 2 (traveling) reported the fastest rate of movement, whereas cluster type 1 (resting) reported the slowest. These diverse movement patterns could be used to enhance the assessment of dairy animal health and welfare on farms.

Systematic review of an intervention: the use of probiotics to improve health and productivity of calves.

The aims of this study were to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the types of probiotic formulations that are commercially available and to critically appraise the available evidence for the effectiveness of probiotics in improving the health and productivity of calves. Relevant papers were identified to answer the question: 'In calves aged between birth to one year, is the use of probiotics associated with changes in haematological or biochemical parameters, faecal bacteria counts, average daily live weight gain, dry matter intake, or feed conversion ratio?' The search of the literature yielded 67 studies that fit the primary screening criteria. Included studies were assessed for bias and confounding using a predefined risk assessment tool adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials and GRADE guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager and R. Random sequence generation was low in more than 59 % of studies. Risk of allocation concealment and performance bias were largely unclear in over 68 % of studies. Calves fed probiotics had increased average daily live weight gains (ADG) from birth to weaning (mean difference [MD] = 83.14 g/d 95 % CI = 58.36-107.91, P < 0.001) compared with calves on a control diet. Calf age reduced the level of heterogeneity of the effect of probiotics on ADG for calves between one to three weeks of age (τ2 = 73.15; I2 = 4%; P = 0.40) but not for calves older than three weeks of age (τ2 = 2892.91; I2 = 73 %; P < 0.001). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower for calves on probiotics (MD = -0.13 kg of dry matter intake (DMI) to kg of live weight (LW) gain, 95 % CI = -0.17 to -0.09, P < 0.001), and the heterogeneity of effect was large in younger aged calves (τ2 = 0.05; I2 = 78 %; P = 0.03). The risk of bias regarding the methodology in the included studies was high. The quality of evidence for each outcome was categorised as moderate. There is sufficient data to support the effectiveness of probiotic use in some applications such as for the improvement of performance and productivity parameters of calves. However, the evidence is weak for other potential probiotic uses in calves such as improved health and reduced risk of disease. Therefore, the existing data are inconclusive and do not support the use of probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobials to improve calf health and productivity.

Identifying the Stressors Impacting Rescued Avian Wildlife.

Urbanisation exposes avian wildlife to an array of environmental stressors that result in clinical admission and hospitalisation. The aim of this pilot study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of clinical data and characterise this based on categories of stress experienced by avian wildlife patients. The results from this study indicated that impact injuries (n = 33, 25%) and vehicle-related injuries (n = 33, 25%) were the most common occurring preliminary stressors that resulted in the hospitalisation of avian wildlife. The most common outcome of avian patients that suffered from vehicle-related injuries was euthanasia (n = 15, 45%), as was avian patients that suffered from impact injuries (n = 16, 48%). Immobility (n = 105, 61%) and abnormal behaviour (n = 24, 14%) were the most commonly occurring primary stressors of avian patients. Finally, trauma (n = 51, 32%) and fractures (n = 44, 27%) were the most common occurring secondary stressors in avian patients. The most common outcome of all these stressors was euthanasia. This study provided further evidence towards the notion that human- and urbanisation-related stressors are the main causes of hospitalisation of avian wildlife, but also indicated that birds admitted as a result of human-related stressors are more likely to be euthanised than released. This study also provided a categorisation system for the stressors identified in avian wildlife patients (preliminary, primary and secondary) that may be used to monitor the stress categories of wildlife patients and gain a deeper understanding of the complex notion of stress.

The beneficial effects of a water-based aerobic exercise session on the blood lipids of women with dyslipidemia are independent of their training status.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the acute effects of a session of water-based aerobic exercise on the blood lipid levels of women with dyslipidemia and to compare these results according to their training status. METHOD: Fourteen premenopausal women with dyslipidemia, aged 40-50 years, participated in two water-based aerobic exercise sessions, the first when they were generally sedentary and the second after they were trained with a water-based aerobic training program for 12 weeks. Both experimental sessions were performed using the same protocol, lasted 45 min, and incorporated an interval method, alternating 3 min at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 13 and 2 min at an RPE of 9. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein lipase enzyme (LPL) were obtained through venous blood collection before and immediately after each session. A generalized estimating equation method and Bonferroni tests were conducted (with time and training status as factors) for statistical analyses. RESULTS: At enrollment, the mean age of the participants was 46.57 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.81-48.34). The statistical analyses showed a significant time effect for all variables (TC: p=0.008; TG: p=0.012; HDL: p<0.001; LPL: p<0.001) except for LDL (p=0.307). However, the training status effect was not significant for any variable (TC: p=0.527; TG: p=0.899; HDL: p=0.938; LDL: p=0.522; LPL: p=0.737). These results indicate that the TC and TG levels reduced and the HDL and LPL concentrations increased from pre- to post-session in similar magnitudes in both sedentary and trained women. CONCLUSIONS: A single water-based aerobic exercise session is sufficient and effective to beneficially modify the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia, regardless of their training status.

The beneficial effects of a water-based aerobic exercise session on the blood lipids of women with dyslipidemia are independent of their training status

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the acute effects of a session of water-based aerobic exercise on the blood lipid levels of women with dyslipidemia and to compare these results according to their training status. METHOD: Fourteen premenopausal women with dyslipidemia, aged 40-50 years, participated in two water-based aerobic exercise sessions, the first when they were generally sedentary and the second after they were trained with a water-based aerobic training program for 12 weeks. Both experimental sessions were performed using the same protocol, lasted 45 min, and incorporated an interval method, alternating 3 min at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 13 and 2 min at an RPE of 9. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein lipase enzyme (LPL) were obtained through venous blood collection before and immediately after each session. A generalized estimating equation method and Bonferroni tests were conducted (with time and training status as factors) for statistical analyses. RESULTS: At enrollment, the mean age of the participants was 46.57 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 44.81−48.34). The statistical analyses showed a significant time effect for all variables (TC: p=0.008; TG: p=0.012; HDL: p<0.001; LPL: p<0.001) except for LDL (p=0.307). However, the training status effect was not significant for any variable (TC: p=0.527; TG: p=0.899; HDL: p=0.938; LDL: p=0.522; LPL: p=0.737). These results indicate that the TC and TG levels reduced and the HDL and LPL concentrations increased from pre- to post-session in similar magnitudes in both sedentary and trained women. CONCLUSIONS: A single water-based aerobic exercise session is sufficient and effective to beneficially modify the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia, regardless of their training status.

Water-Based Aerobic Training Successfully Improves Lipid Profile of Dyslipidemic Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of water-based aerobic training on the lipid profile and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels in premenopausal women with dyslipidemia. METHOD: Forty women were randomly assigned to: aquatic training (WA; n = 20) or a control group (CG; n = 20). The WA group underwent 12 weeks of water-based interval aerobic training twice a week at intensities ranging from 9 to 15 on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high- (HDL) and low- (LDL) density lipoprotein, TC/HDL ratio, LPL levels, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were evaluated before and after 12 weeks in both groups. RESULTS: The WA group elicited decreases in TC (9%; effect size [ES] = 0.69; 95% CI [0.05, 1.33]), LDL (16%; ES = 0.78; 95% CI [0.13, 1.42]), and the TC/HDL ratio (17%; ES = 1.13; 95% CI [0.46, 1.79]), as well as increases in VO2peak (10%; ES = 0.64; 95% CI [0.002, 1.27]) and HDL (10%; ES = 0.28; 95% CI [-0.35. 0.90]), without significant changes in TG (ES = 0.16; 95% CI [-0.46, 1.79]) and LPL (ES = 0.36; 95% CI [-0.27, 0.98]) levels. In the CG, no statistically significant changes in any of these variables were found (TC, ES = 0.19, 95% CI [-0.43, 0.82]; LDL, ES = 0.22, 95% CI [-0.40, 0.85]; HDL, ES = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.57, 0.67]; TG, ES = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.53, 0.71]; TC/HDL ratio, ES = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.42, 0.82]; LPL, ES = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.60, 0.64]; VO2peak, ES = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.42, 0.82]). CONCLUSION: Water-based interval aerobic training positively affected the lipid profile in premenopausal dyslipidemic women.

Yoga and health promotion, practitioners' perspectives at a Brazilian university: A pilot study.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the Program Yoga and Health Promotion offered to 18 participants, lecturers, workers and students of the State University of Campinas, Brazil. The program aimed at favoring well-being in relation to their physical, emotional and mental condition. Practitioners completed the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile to identify the symptoms and the perception of self-reported well-being, and the T test was applied to the results of the participants' profiles before and after the program. Narratives were used based on trigger phrases. Seven categories (self-control; self-perception; well-being; body awareness; balance; mind-body; reflexivity), were identified through thematic analysis. The results were discussed according to the triangulation of methods. RESULTS: 14 participants scored better profiles, with a p-value <0.05. As regards the narratives, there were no negative perceptions about the yoga practice. IN CONCLUSION: yoga was a positive intervention for the group of participants.

Análise das publicações sobre inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nas aulas de educação física escolar em periódicos brasileiros online / Review of publications on inclusion of peaple with disabilities in physical education classes school in Brazilian Journal online / Examen de las publicaciones sobre la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad en la educación física escolar clases en brasil online revista

O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma análise de publicações científicas que abordam a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar. Foram selecionados periódicos com extratos B1 e B2 para Educação Física, de acordo com quais de periódicos estabelecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES. Foram selecionados para a pesquisa somente periódicos nacionais de Língua Portuguesa, tendo sido qualificadas 62 revistas, sendo 41 B1 e 21 B2. O estudo permitiu evidenciar que, nesses 10 anos de pesquisas, foram realizadas poucas publicações de grande impacto na área da Educação Física Escolar Inclusiva. Após o cruzamento das palavras-chave nas referidas revistas, encontramos 15 artigos relacionados com o tema específico do estudo. Enquadravam-se em todos os critérios de inclusão apenas sete periódicos, o que evidencia a carência de estudos nesta área.

The objective was to make an analysis of scientific publications that address the in-clusion of people with disabilities in Physical Education classes. Were selected periodic statements B1 and B2 for Physical Education, according qualis journal, established by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). Only nationals of Portuguese were looking for qualified, 62 magazines, 41 and 21 with extract B1 B2 extract. The study provided evidence that, in these 10 years of research, there were few publications with great quality and impact in the area of Physical Education Inclusive. After crossing the keywords in those maga-zines, found 15 articles related to the specific topic of study. Fell into all inclusion criteria only seven journals, which highlights the need to study.

El objetivo era hacer un análisis de las publicaciones científicas que se ocupan de la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad en las clases de Educación Física. Fueron seleccionados con B1 y B2 declaraciones periódicas de la Educación Física, de acuerdo qualis revista, creada por la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). Solamente los nacionales portugueses estaban buscando calificados, 62 revistas, 41 y 21 con extracto de extracto B2 B1. El estudio proporcionó evidencia de que, en estos 10 años de investigación, había pocas publicaciones de gran calidad e impacto en el ámbito de la Educación Inclusiva Física. Después de cruzar las palabras clave en las revistas, encontraron 15 artículos relacionados con el tema específico de estudio. Cayó en todos los criterios de inclusión sólo siete revistas, que pone de relieve la necesidad de estudiar.

Age-related differences in impulsivity among adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Adolescence is an ontogenetic period characterized by numerous hormonal, neural, and behavioral changes. In animal models, adolescents exhibit greater levels of novelty-seeking behavior and risk-taking relative to adults, behaviors associated in humans with increases in impulsivity and elevated propensities to engage in drug and alcohol seeking behaviors. The current series of experiments sought to explore possible age-related differences in impulsivity when indexed using delay discounting in adolescent (postnatal day [P] 25-27) and adult (P68-71) female (Experiment 1) and male (Experiment 2) Sprague-Dawley rats. In both experiments, adolescents exhibited significantly greater levels of impulsive-like behavior in this test relative to adults-even when data were adjusted to account for baseline differences in activity levels (i.e., general nose-poking behavior) across age. Taken together, these results extend to both sexes previous findings of adolescent-associated elevations in impulsivity observed among male mice using delay discounting, as well as among male rats using other procedures to index impulsivity. That these age differences were observed among both male and female rats suggests that impulsivity may be a pervasive feature of adolescence, and contributes to the expression of risky behaviors during this ontogenetic period.

Self-regulation and eudaimonic well-being across adulthood.

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The authors developed and tested a model to examine the developmental self-regulatory pathways that lead to optimal eudaimonic well-being across adulthood. METHODS: Measures of goal adjustment, optimization, possible selves, and well-being were obtained from 590 adults ranging in age from 17 to 94. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the whether there were age-differential pathways among the developmental self-regulatory processes and well-being. RESULTS: The model predicts interactions among age, hoped-for possible selves, age-sensitive developmental processes (i.e., goal adjustment, optimization), and psychological well-being. Results showed direct effects of goal adjustment on well-being and indirect effects of goal adjustment and optimization on well-being through hoped-for possible selves. There were significant age differences in the indirect effects of goal adjustment on possible selves and well-being, such that, by age 55, these pathways disappear, and the role of future self-representations diminish. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that the role of possible selves in regulating self-motivated development changes across the adult life span.

Estudo das variáveis motoras em atletas da dança esportiva em cadeira de rodas / Motor variables’ study in athletes of the sportive wheelchair dance

A identificação das qualidades físicas intervenientes em um esporte é de extrema importância para um preparador físico no treinamento de uma determinada modalidade. E as avaliações destas são fundamentais para a tomada de decisões na prescrição do treinamento e/ou em programas de reabilitação. Não têm sido encontrados na literatura estudos que identifiquem as qualidades físicas nos passos básicos da Dança Esportiva em Cadeira de Rodas (DECR). Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar as qualidades físicas necessárias à realização dos passos básicos da DECR e mostrar os resultados da avaliação de algumas delas em atletas cadeirantes da modalidade. Foram eleitas como qualidades físicas imprescindíveis à performance na DECR: flexibilidade, força, velocidade, agilidade e coordenação, que foram medidas por testes da literatura, com algumas adaptações. Concluiu-se que essas qualidades devem ter prioridade no treinamento e ser associadas ao treinamento técnico da modalidade para que se alcancem altas performances.

The identification of intervening physical qualities in a sport is of extreme importance for a physical coach in the training of a certain modality. And the evaluations of those are fundamental for taking decision, in the prescription of the training and/or in rehabilitation programs. It has not been found in the literature studies which identifies the physical qualities in the basic steps of the Sportive Wheelchair Dance. For this reason, the goal was to identify the necessary physical qualities to accomplish the basic steps of Sportive Wheelchair Dance and to show the results of the evaluation of some of those qualities in not abled body athletes of this modality. They were chosen as indispensable physical abilities to the performance the Sportive Dance: flexibility, force, speed, quickness and coordination. It was measured according to tests of the literature, after some modifications. We understand that these physical qualities should have priority in the training and that should be associated to the technical training of this modality so that they can get a high performance.

Metallo-â-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals from southern Brazil

This study determined the prevalence of metallo-â-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals located in the Southern part of Brazil and compare the performance of two different phenotypic tests. Thirty-one non-repetitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (twenty-three from a hospital in Porto Alegre City and eight isolates from a hospital in Vale dos Sinos Region). All strains suggestive of possessing MBLs by phenotypic methods were included in this study. Phenotypic detection of MBLs was carried out simultaneously by using both the MBL Etest® and disk approximation test using 2-mercaptopropionic acid close to a ceftazidime disk. Strains positive were further confirmed using molecular techniques for blaVIM, blaIMP and blaSPM-1. The prevalence of MBLs from samplesof inpatients from the hospital located in Porto Alegre was 30.4 percent and that of inpatients from Vale dos Sinos hospital was only 3.1 percent. Only MBL type SPM-1 was detected in these samples by molecular analysis and all were detected by the Etest® MBL strips. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa that produce MBLs can be markedly different in distinct geographical areas, even among different hospitals in the same area. In our study, the EDTA-based method was the only method able to detect all strains harboring the SPM-1 enzyme.

Dança: proposta de atividade física para mulheres com esclerose múltipla / Dance: proposal of physical activity for women with multiple sclerosis

A esclerose múltipla é uma doença degenerativa que afeta a bainha da mielina dos nervos do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e ocasiona comprometimento motor, fadiga, déficit de equilíbrio, entre outros. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de verificar a importância e as possibilidades do desenvolvimento da dança para mulheres acometidas por essa doença, buscando compreender os benefícios de tal atividade para essa população. A coleta de dados foi realizada com mulheres de 20 a 40 anos, participantes do Grupo de Esclerose Múltipla de Campinas e região (GEMC). Investigamos o histórico de experiência com dança, antes e após o diagnóstico da doença; um estilo de dança que os sujeitos relacionem com segurança e prazer; a posição do grupo no que diz respeito a fazer aulas em turmas diversificadas, não formadas por pessoas com esclerose múltipla; e, finalmente, os benefícios que as entrevistadas atribuem a essa prática. Para a realização de tal estudo, foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, durante uma das reuniões mensais do GEMC. A análise das respostas foi realizada por meio de estatísticas descritivas para agrupar dados e utilizamos as falas das entrevistadas para identificar três principais categorias: o interesse e a experiência prévia com dança, estilo de dança, considerações sobre os benefícios proporcionados pela dança. O resultado nos mostra que a dança pode ser uma proposta de grande eficiência para atender a esse público.

The Multiple Sclerosis is a degenerative illness that affects the hem myelin of the central nervous system and occasioning motor problem, fatigue, balance déficit and others. This research aims to verify the importanceand the possibilities of dance development for women with this illness, trying to understand the benefits of this activity to this people. The data collect was done with women between 20 and 40 years old Who make part os the Multiple Sclerosis Group of Campinas and surrounded area. It was investigated their experience with the dance, after and before the disease diagnostic; a dance style that is related to security; and, pleasure; the position of the group about having classes with people without the illness and, finally, the benefits that the interviewed women relate to the practice of dance. To do this paper, it was done a half-structurized questionnaire during the monthly meetings of the Group. The analysis of the answers was done thru descripitive statistics to group data and we used the speech of the interviewed women to identify three categories: the previous interest and experience with the dance, the dance style, and the considerations of the benefits provided by the dance. The final result shows us that the dance can be a good proposal to take to this public.

Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals from southern Brazil.

This study determined the prevalence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two hospitals located in the Southern part of Brazil and compare the performance of two different phenotypic tests. Thirty-one non-repetitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (twenty-three from a hospital in Porto Alegre City and eight isolates from a hospital in Vale dos Sinos Region). All strains suggestive of possessing MBLs by phenotypic methods were included in this study. Phenotypic detection of MBLs was carried out simultaneously by using both the MBL Etest and disk approximation test using 2-mercaptopropionic acid close to a ceftazidime disk. Strains positive were further confirmed using molecular techniques for bla(VIM), bla(IMP) and bla(SPM-1). The prevalence of MBLs from samples of inpatients from the hospital located in Porto Alegre was 30.4% and that of inpatients from Vale dos Sinos hospital was only 3.1%. Only MBL type SPM-1 was detected in these samples by molecular analysis and all were detected by the Etest MBL strips. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa that produce MBLs can be markedly different in distinct geographical areas, even among different hospitals in the same area. In our study, the EDTA-based method was the only method able to detect all strains harboring the SPM-1 enzyme.

Staphylococcus em um hospital de Porto Alegre (RS) / Staphylococcus in a hospital of Porto Alegre (RS)

Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de Staphylococcus isolados durante um ano em diferentes espécimes clínicos de pacientes internados no Hospital Divina Providência, Porto Alegre, RS. Quanto ao Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina (MRSA), a taxa mais alta foi observada nos pacientes que estavam internados nos andares (HDP), representando mais que o dobro das infecções do Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI). Os Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (SCN) são freqüentes contaminantes, mas constatou-se um aumento de sua participação como agente etiológico em bacteremias, tendo sido isolado em 52,6% das amostras de sangue. Umachado importante foi que, entre todos os SCN isolados, 81,4% apresentaram resistência à oxacilina (MRSCN). Faz-se importante a identificação das espécies de SCN uma vez que é possível o isolamento de S. lugdunensis, uma bactéria que deve ser consideradaequivalente ao S. aureus e também realizar a pesquisa de resistência a oxacilina de modo adequado. Assim, o tratamento pode ser conduzido de modo correto, sem subestimar a prevalência deste Staphylococcus coagulase negativo e a resistência a oxacilina.

This study evaluated the prevalence of Staphylococcus isolates during one year in samples of patients of the Divina Providencia Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS. The rate highest of MRSA was observed in the patients who were interned in the floors (HDP), representing more than the double of the infections of the CTI. The SCN are more frequent as contaminants and evidenced an increase of its participation as etiologic agent, mainly, in blood infection being isolated in 52,6% of the samples of blood. An important finding was that, between all the isolates SCN, 81,4% of them had presented resistance to the oxacilin (MRSCN). The identification of the species of SCN becomes important a time that is possible the isolation of S. lugdunensis, a bacterium that must be considered equivalent to the S. aureus. Thus, the treatment can be lead in adjusted way, without to devaluate the prevalence of this Staphylococcus coagulase negative.