Actividades ligninolíticas y producción de basidiomas de Ganoderma lucidum en cultivo sólido suplementado con manganeso / Ligninolytic activities and production of Ganoderma lucidum basidiomes in solid culture supplemented with manganese

RESUMEN Ganoderma lucidum es un basidiomiceto de pudrición blanca estudiado especialmente por sus atributos medicinales. No obstante, la información sobre la suplementación de los medios de cultivo con metales como Zn, Li, Mn, Cu es escasa aun conociendo que la presencia de metales en los sustratos mejora las características de los basidiomas obtenidos e incrementa su productividad. El objetivo fue evaluar las actividades enzimáticas lacasa (Lc) y manganeso peroxidasa (MnP), la fructificación y eficiencia biológica (EB) de G. lucidum en cultivos sólidos formulados con residuos agroindustriales (aserrín de roble, cascarilla de café, salvado de maíz) suplementados con dos niveles de sal de manganeso II (0,05 % y 0,1 % p/p) y una formulación sin adición de la sal de manganeso. Las actividades enzimáticas se determinaron durante 98 días del ciclo productivo, con toma de muestras semanales. El tratamiento uno (0,05 % p/p de MnSO4H2O) suministró la mayor EB del cultivo con 25,90 ± 2,12 % y los mayores títulos de actividades ligninolíticas en el tiempo con 0,7299 UE/g s.s. de MnP a los 35 días de fermentación y 4,1 760 UE/g s.s para la actividad de Lc a los 42 días de proceso con relación a los tratamientos dos y control. Asimismo, hubo una disminución del ciclo de cultivo del hongo para los tratamientos uno (83 días) y dos (95 días) en comparación con el tratamiento control (117 días). Los resultados de este trabajo son promisorios para cultivadores industriales de G. lucidum, ya que la suplementación de los sustratos con Mn incrementa la productividad de los cultivos.

ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum is a white rot basidiomycete specially studied for its medicinal attributes. However, the information on the supplementation of the substrate with metals such as Zn, Li, Mn, Cu and others is scarce. Even knowing that the presence of metals in the substrates improves the characteristics of the basidiomes produced and increases their productivity. The objective was to evaluate the enzymatic activities laccase (Lc) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). The fructification and biological efficiency (BE) of G. lucidum in solid culture formulated with agroindustrial residues, (oak sawdust, coffee husk, bran corn) supplemented with two levels of manganese II salt, (0.05 % and 0.1 % w/ w) and a formulation without addition of manganese II salt. Enzymatic activities were determined during 98 days of the production cycle, with weekly sampling. Treatment one (0.05 % w/w MnSO4.H2O) provided the highest BE of the culture with 25.90 ± 0.54% and the highest titers of ligninolytic activities, in the time with 0.7299 EU/g d.s for MnP at 35 days of fermentation and 4.1760 EU/g d.s for Lc activity at 42 days of process, in relation to treatments two and control. Likewise, there was a decrease in the fungus culture cycle for treatments one (83 days) and two (95 days) compared to the control treatment (117 days). The results of this work are promising for industrial growers of G. lucidum, since the supplementation of the substrates with Mn increase the productivity of the cultures.

Isolation and characterization of wood-decomposing basidiomycetes from the Andean Forest in Boyacá, Colombia.

This study explores the biotechnological potential of lignocellulolytic fungi collected in an oak forest. Fungal collections were obtained from natural reserves located in Boyacá-Colombia, ranging from 2700 to 3000 m.a.s.l. Twenty-three strains were isolated on malt agar, molecular characterization was performed, and ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymatic activities were screened. Several white-rot fungi of biotechnological importance were identified as follows: Trametes sp., Trametes versicolor, Trametes villosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Bjerkandera adjusta, Lentinula boryana, Panus conchatus, Antrodia neotropica, Brunneoporus malicola, Laetiporus gilbertsonii, Stereum sp., Ganoderma sp., and Dichomitus sp. The strains T. versicolor 0554 and 0583, T. villosa 0562, and B. adusta 0556 showed the highest response in the qualitative enzymatic assays. These strains were used to determine their ability to decolorate the dyes aniline blue and Congo red, and it was found that T. villosa 0562 reached a level of decolorization close to 90% after 48 h of submerged culture. The fungal strains obtained here could offer alternatives to develop a process to accomplish sustainable development objectives.

Interstitial lung disease due to anti-TNF use in the treatment of psoriasis

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin variably, according to genetic and environmental factors. Some patients may benefit from systemic treatment with immunobiological agents, drugs that can be accompanied by several adverse effects. A case of a 58-year-old patient undergoing treatment for psoriasis with adalimumab for five years is reported. Alterations compatible with interstitial pneumonia were detected with important regression after adalimumab discontinuation. This case is relevant due to the scarcity of reports on late pulmonary adverse effect of anti-TNF treatment of psoriasis.

Interstitial lung disease due to anti-TNF use in the treatment of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin variably, according to genetic and environmental factors. Some patients may benefit from systemic treatment with immunobiological agents, drugs that can be accompanied by several adverse effects. A case of a 58-year-old patient undergoing treatment for psoriasis with adalimumab for five years is reported. Alterations compatible with interstitial pneumonia were detected with important regression after adalimumab discontinuation. This case is relevant due to the scarcity of reports on late pulmonary adverse effect of anti-TNF treatment of psoriasis.

Geochemical and reflectance spectroscopy data integration to characterize emerald deposits: the case of the Paraná deposit, Brazil.

The Paraná emerald deposit is one of the few occurrences of emerald, a rare beryl variety, in Borborema Province, northeastern Brazil. We characterized the Paraná deposit by combining field geology, petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and reflectance spectroscopy. The mineralization is associated with phlogopite-, actinolite-phlogopite-, and phlogopite-phengite schists, mylonitic gneisses, and several acidic rocks (e.g. granitic pegmatites/aplites, quartz ± feldspar veins) along the Portalegre Shear Zone. Emerald can be found in quartz-feldspar and aplite veins and veinlets interleaved with phlogopite- or actinolite-phlogopite schists, or within the foliation of the schists. The presence of albitites and the compositional variation of the schists suggest a metasomatic origin for emerald with variations of the metasomatic process. All these different lithotypes can be readily identified through reflectance spectroscopy especially in the range of 2,150-2,450 nm, where the main mafic minerals show absorption features related to Al-OH (phengite), and Fe-OH and Mg-OH bonds (phlogopite/actinolite). Our study shows that possible mineralized phlogopite schists can be distinguished from other sterile rocks, although point spectral analysis does not separate emerald-bearing phlogopite schists from schists without emerald due to the dominance of major phlogopite absorption features rather than emerald features.

Expresión emocional infantil y su relación con el funcionamiento familiar en Kuito-Bié, República de Angola / Child emotional expression and its relationship with family functioning in Kuito-Bié, Republic of Angola

RESUMEN Fundamento: el estudio de las emociones es importante por la manera en que interactúan en la realidad del individuo, su vida cotidiana, en cada experiencia individual, y particularmente en su entorno familiar. Objetivo: caracterizar la relación entre expresión emocional y funcionamiento familiar de los niños angolanos de 8 a 10 años, a partir de un estudio correlacional. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional en el municipio de Kuito, provincia de Bié, República de Angola, entre septiembre y julio de 2016. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y el sistémico-estructural; empíricos: la observación y la entrevista para la aplicación de los instrumentos de evaluación psicológica: cuestionario de emociones infantiles y prueba de percepción del funcionamiento familiar. Resultados: acerca de la frecuencia con que se manifestaron las emociones en los escolares, predominó la respuesta intermedia "algunas veces" en la mayoría de las emociones; entre las placenteras mencionaron la alegría; mientras que las displacenteras fueron la ansiedad y la tristeza, expresadas a partir de manifestaciones de índole extraverbal y verbal. En las familias funcionales prevalecieron los estilos semiexpresivo y expresivo, mientras que las disfuncionales se distinguen por emplear un estilo represivo o expresivo desajustado, con prevalencia del autoritarismo y la permisividad. Conclusiones: se caracterizó la expresión emocional y su relación con el funcionamiento familiar en niños de 8 a 10 años de Kuito-Bié, República se Angola y se determinó un vínculo directo entre emociones placenteras y familias funcionales, mientras la mayoría de las emociones displacenteras se manifiestan en entornos familiares disfuncionales.

ABSTRACT Background: the study of emotions is important because of the way they interact in the reality of the individual, their daily life, in each individual experience, and particularly in its family environment. Objective: to characterize the relationship between emotional expression and family functioning of Angolan children from 8 to 10 years old, from a correlational study. Methods: a descriptive-correlational study was carried out in the municipality of Kuito, province of Bié, Republic of Angola, from September to July 2016. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and systemic-structural; empirical ones: observation and interview for the application of psychological assessment instruments: questionnaire of childhood emotions and test of perception of family functioning. Results: about the frequency, in which emotions were expressed in schoolchildren, the intermediate response "sometimes" predominated in most emotions; among the pleasures they mentioned joy; while the unpleasant ones were anxiety and sadness, expressed from manifestations of extra verbal and verbal nature. In functional families, semi-expressive and expressive styles prevailed, while dysfunctional styles were distinguished by using a repressive or unadjusted expressive style, with the prevalence of authoritarianism and permissiveness. Conclusions: emotional expression and its relationship with family functioning in children aged 8 to 10 years of Kuito-Bié, Republic of Angola was characterized and a direct link between pleasurable emotions and functional families was determined, while most of the unpleasant emotions are present in dysfunctional family environments.

Structural findings and molecular modeling approach of a TFPI-like inhibitor.

Specific blood coagulation inhibitors from hematophagous organisms, with different structures and novel mechanism of action, have been described and they represent promising agents for the treatment of a variety of human diseases related to coagulation and cancer. In our lab, the salivary glands transcriptome of the adult Amblyomma cajennense tick was previously characterized by expressed sequence tags (EST). A transcript that codes for a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-like protein with unique structure was found, and the recombinant form of this protein was named Amblyomin-X. This protein was able to inhibit the factor Xa amidolytic activity and the activation of factor X by the extrinsic tenase complex (FVIIa/TF). Herein, it was performed functional and structural evaluation of Amblyomin-X. The CD assay and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that Amblyomin-X is structurally stable and the naturally unfolded regions as well as the presence of three disulfide bridges in its Kunitz-type domain seem to sustain its inhibitory activity. Regarding the electrostatic potential mapping on the Kunitz-type region, the pattern of charged residues was not quite the same in comparison to human TFPI-1 and TFPI-2, pointing out there might be distinct functional and structural features, which are going to be experimentally exploited.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) production of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in batch process.

Serogroup B outer membrane vesicles (OMV) with iron regulated proteins (IRP) from Neisseria meningitidis constitute the antigen for the vaccine against the disease caused by this bacterium. Aiming to enhance final OMV concentration, seven batch experiments were carried out under four different conditions: (i) with original Catlin medium; (ii) with original Catlin medium and lactate and amino acids pulse at the 6th cultivation hour; (iii) with Catlin medium with double initial concentrations of lactate and amino acids and (iv) Catlin medium without glycerol and with double initial concentrations of lactate and amino acids. The cultivation experiments were carried out in a 7-L bioreactor under the following conditions: 36°C, 0.5atm, overlay air 1L/min, agitation: 250-850 rpm, and O(2) control at 10%, 20 h. After lactate and amino acids exhaustion, cell growth reached stationary phase and a significant release increase of OMV was observed. According to the Luedeking & Piret model, OMV liberation is non-growth associated. Glycerol was not consumed during cultivation. The maximum OMV concentration value attained was 162 mg/L with correspondent productivity of 8.1mg/(Lh) employing Catlin medium with double initial concentrations of lactate and amino acids. The obtained OMV satisfied constitution and protein pattern criteria and were suitable for vaccine production.

Pro-apoptotic effects of Amblyomin-X in murine renal cell carcinoma "in vitro".

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic cancers and is highly resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The recombinant protein Amblyomin-X, characterized as a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, was obtained from a cDNA library from the salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick. This paper reports the biological effect of Amblyomin-X on inducing cell death by apoptotic process in vitro. For this purpose, the changes in morphological aspects of cells, the phosphatidylserine exposition and DNA degradation were evaluated after treatment with Amblyomin-X. We found that Amblyomin-X was able to induce apoptosis in Renca cells in a dose-dependent manner. So, the results presented here open perspectives for new researches and developing for Amblyomin-X in the treatment of RCC.

[Interaction of rotavirus with protein disulfide isomerase in vitro and cell system]. / Interacción de rotavirus con la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa in vitro y en sistemas celulares.

INTRODUCTION: Rotavirus entry process involves a multi-step mechanism, the first of which is when the outermost viral proteins interact with four different integrins and Hsc70. Recently, rotavirus infection reportedly has been decreased after blocking cell surface protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This suggested that this protein interacts with rotavirus during the entry process. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to establish the rotavirus-PDI interaction in an in vitro system using PDI isolated from bovine liver, and in a cell system consisting of MA104 cells and mouse small intestinal villi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Protein disulfide isomerase was isolated from a bovine liver homogenate using anti-PDI antibodies coupled to agarose through hydrazone bonds. Purity of purified protein was assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified PDI was used to study its in vitro interaction with the rotavirus particles. This interaction was compared with that taking place in MA104 cells and small intestinal villi isolated from sucking mice ICR. RESULTS: The purified PDI showed an electrophoretic homogeneity and was able to bind rotavirus particles in vitro. Rotavirus-PDI interaction was detected by capture ELISA using purified protein and rotavirus strains RRV and wild-type ECwt. Interaction between rotavirus particles and cellular PDI was detected by ELISA using cell lysates after virus inoculation. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus-PDI interaction was demonstrated in vitro as well as inMA104 cells and intestinal villi from suckling mice.

Interacción de rotavirus con la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa in vitro y en sistemas celulares / Interaction of rotavirus with protein disulfide isomerase in vitro and cell system

Introducción. La entrada del rotavirus a la célula implica un mecanismo de múltiples pasos; las proteínas virales externas interaccionan con cuatro diferentes integrinas y Hsc70. Recientemente reportamos que la infección por rotavirus disminuye cuando se bloquea la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa de la superficie celular, lo que sugiere su interacción con el rotavirus en el proceso de entrada. Objetivo. Establecer la interacción del rotavirus con la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa en un sistema in vitro utilizando la proteína aislada de hígado bovino y, en un sistema celular, utilizando vellosidades intestinales de ratón y células MA104. Materiales y métodos. Se aisló la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa a partir de un homogenizado de hígado bovino utilizando anticuerpos anti-proteína disulfuro-isomerasa acoplados a agarosa mediante enlace hidrazona. La proteína disulfuro-isomerasa purificada se examinó por SDS-PAGE y Western blot y se utilizó para estudiar su interacción in vitro con rotavirus. Esta interacción se comparó con aquella observada en células MA104 y en las vellosidades intestinales de ratón. Resultados. La proteína disulfuro-isomerasa purificada mostró homogeneidad electroforética y fue capaz de unirse a rotavirus en un sistema in vitro. La interacción proteína-rotavirus fue detectada por ELISA de captura usando la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa bovina purificada y rotavirus de las cepas RRV y silvestre ECwt. La interacción de partículas de rotavirus purificadas con la proteína disulfuro-isomerasa celular se evidenció con ELISA, usando lisado celular después de la inoculación viral. Conclusión. La interacción rotavirus-proteína disulfuro-isomerasa fue demostrada in vitro, en células MA104 y en vellosidades intestinales de ratón lactante.

Introduction. Rotavirus entry process involves a multi-step mechanism, the first of which is when the outermost viral proteins interact with four different integrins and Hsc70. Recently, rotavirus infection reportedly has been decreased after blocking cell surface protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This suggested that this protein interacts with rotavirus during the entry process. Objectives. The aim was to establish the rotavirus-PDI interaction in an in vitro system using PDI isolated from bovine liver, and in a cell system consisting of MA104 cells and mouse small intestinal villi. Materials and methods. Protein disulfide isomerase was isolated from a bovine liver homogenate using anti-PDI antibodies coupled to agarose through hydrazone bonds. Purity of purified protein was assessed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified PDI was used to study its in vitro interaction with the rotavirus particles. This interaction was compared with that taking place in MA104 cells and small intestinal villi isolated from sucking mice ICR. Results. The purified PDI showed an electrophoretic homogeneity and was able to bind rotavirus particles in vitro. Rotavirus-PDI interaction was detected by capture ELISA using purified protein and rotavirus strains RRV and wild-type ECwt. Interaction between rotavirus particles and cellular PDI was detected by ELISA using cell lysates after virus inoculation. Conclusions. Rotavirus-PDI interaction was demonstrated in vitro as well as in MA104 cells and intestinal villi from suckling mice.

Influence of parasitism by Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to insecticides

The egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) during the second field generation in the upper Magdalena River Basin, Colombia. In spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. Parasitized and non-parasitized 2nd-instar larvae of the fall armyworm were tested for susceptibility to chlorpyriphos, methomyl, cypermethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis in the laboratory, using the leaf dip test. Parasitized larvae were up to 3.93 times more susceptible to chlorpyriphos, 3.71 times to methomyl, and 14.11 times to cypermethrin than non-parasitized larvae. The least effect of parasitism on susceptibility was found for B. thuringiensis. We discuss the negative influence of synthetic insecticide on the parasitoid population dynamics and its impact on insecticide resistance.

El parasitoide huevo-larva Chelonus insularis Cresson es un parasitoide clave del cogollero del maíz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) durante la segunda generación de campo en el Valle Superior del Río Magdalena de Colombia. A pesar de la presión de selección se encuentra una susceptibilidad mayor a insecticidas en la segunda generación, comparado con la primera, siendo para esto la única diferencia aparente el parasitismo. Por esta razón, la susceptibilidad a clorpirifos, metomyl, cipermetrina y Bacillus thuringiensis de larvas parasitadas y no parasitadas del segundo instar del cogollero fueron evaluadas, utilizando el test de inmersión foliar. Las larvas parasitadas fueron 3,93 veces más suscptibles a clorpirifos, 3,71 veces más a metomyl y 14,11 veces más a cipermetrina que las no parasitadas. El menor efecto del parasitismo sobre la susceptibilidad se encontró con B. thuringiensis. Se discute la influencia negativa de las aplicaciones de insecticidas sintéticos sobre la dinámica poblacional del parasitoide, lo mismo que sus implicaciones en estudios de resistencia.

Influence of parasitism by Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to insecticides.

The egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson is a key parasitoid of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) during the second field generation in the upper Magdalena River Basin, Colombia. In spite of selection pressure, the higher susceptibility of the second generation fall armyworm larvae to insecticides, compared with that of the first generation, suggests that the parasitism may be responsible for the apparent difference in susceptibility. Parasitized and non-parasitized 2nd-instar larvae of the fall armyworm were tested for susceptibility to chlorpyriphos, methomyl, cypermethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis in the laboratory, using the leaf dip test. Parasitized larvae were up to 3.93 times more susceptible to chlorpyriphos, 3.71 times to methomyl, and 14.11 times to cypermethrin than non-parasitized larvae. The least effect of parasitism on susceptibility was found for B. thuringiensis. We discuss the negative influence of synthetic insecticide on the parasitoid population dynamics and its impact on insecticide resistance.

Avaliaçäo da resistência à fratura da crista marginal de terceiros molares, submetidos a preparos tipo túnel e restaurados com diferentes materiais: estudo in vitro / Evaluation of the fracture strenght of the marginal ridges of third molars with tunnel preparations and restored with different materials

Verificou-se a resistência à fratura da crista marginal de terceiros molares humanos, recém-extraídos, hígidos, submetidos a preparos tipo túnel e restaurados com diferentes materiais. Os resultados demonstraram que o preparo tipo túnel diminuiu a resistência à fratura da crista marginal, e que nenhum material foi capaz de devolver, totalmente, a resistência à fratura perdida com a execuçäo do referido preparo

Do saber daquele de quem se diz não saber: a escola e o desempenho escolar na concepção da criança multirepetente

Estuda a concepção de escola e desempenho escolar de alunos multirepetentes de uma classe de aceleração da rede pública municipal de Florianópolis/SC. Contou com a participação de onze crianças que freqüentaram, no ano letivo de 1999, a classe de aceleração I, e seus pais. A maioria das crianças afirmou gostar de estudar e buscou explicar seu baixo desempenho escolar como falta de empenho nos estudos. Outras explicações dadas foram as mudanças freqüentes de residência e conseqüente abandono da escola e o relacionamento conflituoso com a professora anterior. Quanto aos pais, alguns atribuíram o fracasso aos próprios filhos, outros ao desempenho da professora anterior, e outros, ainda, ao sistema de ensino. A conclusão dessa pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de se criar políticas públicas que concedam às classes comuns, as condições especiais que têm sido oferecidas às classes de aceleração (AU)

Psicoterapia breve: relato de uma experiencia

As autoras relatam sua experiencia em Psicoterapia Breve, desenvolvida durante o ano de 1981, no Ambulatorio do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Paralelamente, apresentam breve revisao do tema na literatura especializada. O atendimento clinico teve as seguintes caracteristicas: tipo de atendimento: psicoterapia breve, de orientacao dinamica; frequencia das sessoes: semanais, de meia hora; contratos: de dois a nove meses de duracao; selecao: nao houve selecao previa dos casos pela Setor de Psicologia. O Servico Social encarregou-se da triagem; motivos da procura de atendimento: espontanea, indicacao de profissionais da area de saude, encaminhamento por alta de internacao do Hospital do IPUFRJ.