[Clinical and endoscopic features of a selected population with serrated colorectal adenomas in a private clinic in Lima - Peru]. / Características clínicas y endoscópicas de una población seleccionada con adenomas aserrados de colon en una clínica privada de Lima - Perú

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and endoscopic caracteristics of a population that has only serrated polyps of colon (mainly sessile serrated adenomas) in a private clinic in Lima, Perú, from 2009-2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study conducted at the endoscopy center of Clinic Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru. Olympus colonoscope was used with high definition, including NBI (narrow band imaging) and electronic magnification. Patients had pathologic diagnosis of â€Å“polyps and / or colorectal serrated adenomas” and excluded those with synchronous tubular or villous adenomas. Images were evaluated by two endoscopists and then by a third gastroenterologist. RESULTS: We found 201 serrated polyps in 108 patients. Women were 60.2% and overweight predominated. Eighty (74.1%) had only one serrated adenoma and 23 (21.3%) with at least one synchronous hyperplastic polyp. The average size of sessile serrated adenomas was 5.12 mm (± 3.87 DS) and the flat type was 91 (58.7%). There were significant differences in the diameter of sessile serrated adenomas between the distal and proximal colon (4.47 mm ± 2.23 vs. 6.90 mm ± 6.25; p<0.000). The common features of sessile serrated adenomas were: White (31/36, 86.1%), smooth (28/36, 77.8%) and regular margins (26/36, 72.2%). There was a relationship between vascular pattern according NBI and serrated polyp histology (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic features of sessile serrated adenomas can evade detection to white light. NBI is a useful tool to define some features of these lesions.

Características clínicas y endoscópicas de una población seleccionada con adenomas aserrados de colon en una clínica privada de Lima - Perú / Clinical and endoscopic features of a selected population with serrated colorectal adenomas in a private clinic in Lima - Perú

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y endoscópicas de una población que sólo presenta pólipos aserrados de colon (principalmente adenomas aserrados sésiles) en una clínica privada de Lima del 2009 al 2011. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en el centro endoscópico de la Clínica Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú. Se usó colonoscopios Olympus con alta definición, incluyendo NBI (narrow band imaging) y magnificación electrónica. Los pacientes tuvieron diagnóstico patológico de “pólipos y/o adenomas aserrados de colon”, excluyéndose aquéllos con adenomas tubulares o vellosos sincrónicos. Las imágenes fueron evaluadas por dos endoscopistas y luego por un tercer gastroenterólogo. Resultados: Se encontraron 201 pólipos aserrados en 108 pacientes. El 60,2% fueron mujeres y predominó el sobrepeso. Ochenta (74,1%) tuvieron sólo un adenoma aserrado y 23 (21,3%) con al menos un pólipo hiperplásico sincrónico. El tamaño promedio de los adenomas aserrados sésiles fue 5,12 mm (± 3,87 DS) y 91 (58,7%) fueron planos. Hubo diferencias significativas en el diámetro de adenomas aserrados sésiles entre el colon distal y proximal (4,47 mm ± 2,23 vs. 6,90 mm ± 6,25; p<0,000). El color blanco (31/36, 86,1%), superficie lisa (28/36, 77,8%) y márgenes regulares (26/36, 72,2%) fueron las características más frecuentes de adenomas aserrados sésiles. Hubo relación entre el patrón capilar según NBI y el tipo histológico del pólipo aserrado (p=0,024). Conclusión: Las características endoscópicas de los adenomas aserrados sésiles pueden dificultar su detección a la luz blanca. El NBI es una herramienta útil para definir algunas características de estas lesiones.

Objective: To describe the clinical and endoscopic caracteristics of a population that has only serrated polyps of colon (mainly sessile serrated adenomas) in a private clinic in Lima, Perú, from 2009-2011. Materials and methods: Retrospective study conducted at the endoscopy center of Clinic Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru. Olympus colonoscope was used with high definition, including NBI (narrow band imaging) and electronic magnification. Patients had pathologic diagnosis of “polyps and / or colorectal serrated adenomas” and excluded those with synchronous tubular or villous adenomas. Images were evaluated by two endoscopists and then by a third gastroenterologist. Results: We found 201 serrated polyps in 108 patients. Women were 60.2% and overweight predominated. Eighty (74.1%) had only one serrated adenoma and 23 (21.3%) with at least one synchronous hyperplastic polyp. The average size of sessile serrated adenomas was 5.12 mm (± 3.87 DS) and the flat type was 91 (58.7%). There were significant differences in the diameter of sessile serrated adenomas between the distal and proximal colon (4.47 mm ± 2.23 vs. 6.90 mm ​​± 6.25; p<0.000). The common features of sessile serrated adenomas were: White (31/36, 86.1%), smooth (28/36, 77.8%) and regular margins (26/36, 72.2%). There was a relationship between vascular pattern according NBI and serrated polyp histology (p=0.024). Conclusion: The endoscopic features of sessile serrated adenomas can evade detection to white light. NBI is a useful tool to define some features of these lesions.

[Relapsing viral hepatitis type A complicated with renal failure]. / Hepatitis viral tipo A recurrente complicada con insuficiencia renal.

We report the case of a 42-year old male with an episode of relapsing hepatitis A of cholestatic pattern, which clinic course was complicated by fever, anemia and renal failure, requiring hemodialysis. The occurrence of cryglobulins and diminished complement levels was detected. A kidney biopsy was performed showing evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy. The patient had a good therapeutic response to corticosteroids, although he developed recurrence of fever and a palpable purpuric rush over his lower extremities when dose was reduced. A skin biopsy found leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Symptoms and physical findings improved when therapy with cycloposphamide was started and the dose of corticosteroids was increased. Hepatitis A virus infection usually has a benign course, although complications may occasionally develop. The relapsing form can be seen in 3-20% of the case; it can appear with a cholestatic pattern and most of the time it has a mild clinic development. Unlike hepatitis B, extra-hepatic manifestations are unusual in hepatitis A, and renal manifestations are even more infrequent. Acute renal failure (ARF) in non-fulminating hepatitis A has been reported only occasionally and its etiology remains unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed, including renal toxicity due to hyperuricemia or increased bilirrubin, cryoglobulinemia, alterations in the renal blood flow due to endotoxemia or peripheral immune complex-mediated damage when hypocomplementemia is found. Kidney biopsy showed evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy, which raised the hypothesis of a Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). An association with HUS has been described in a patient with surface antigen for hepatitis B (HBsAg) and anomalies in the hepatic biochemical tests, but as far as we know this is the first case of relapsing hepatitis A associated with a confirmed microangiopathic renal involvement.