ABSTRACT
La hiperactivación espermática es un paso de la capacitación de los espermatozoides, consistente en un cambio en el patrón de movimiento, destacando la variación del ángulo de la cabeza, la longitud y amplitud del movimiento del flagelo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la diferencia entre los patrones de motilidad espermática, así como la frecuencia de espermatozoides hiperactivados en el oviducto, según el tiempo post cópula. La recuperación de los espermatozoides del oviducto de cinco alpacas se hizo a las 16, 20, 24, 28 y 32 horas post cópula. Los espermatozoides se evaluaron en base a su patrón de movimiento. El porcentaje de espermatozoides hiperactivados se incrementó hasta las 28 horas post cópula (71.4%).
The sperm hyperactivation is a step of the spermatozoa capacitation and consists on a change in the pattern of movements, the variation of the angle of the head, and the longitude and width of the movement of the tail. The objective of the present study was to determine the difference in movement patterns of spermatozoa and the frequency of hyperactive spermatozoa in the oviduct according to the time after mating. The recovery of the spermatozoa in five alpacas was done after 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hours post mating. Sperms were evaluated according to the pattern of movement. The frequency of hyperactive spermatozoa increased until 28 hours post copula (71.4%).
Subject(s)
Animals , Camelids, New World , Spermatozoa , Sperm MotilityABSTRACT
La fibromatosis mamaria es una lesión infrecuente del tejido conectivo que corresponde al 0,2% de los tumores mamarios. Se presenta el caso de una joven de 18 años que consulta por retracción cutánea importante de mama izquierda. El estudio mamográfico y ecográfico reveló la existencia de una densidad focal asimétrica de contorno espiculado de aproximadamente 2 cm en cuadrantes externos de mama izquierda y que tras la biopsia con aguja gruesa (BAG) se diagnosticó de fibromatosis mamaria. Se realizó una exéresis amplia de la lesión, mediante patrón de reducción de Weis, intentando conseguir un resultado estético y quirúrgico adecuado(AU)
Breast fibromatosis is a rare lesion of the connective tissue that corresponds to 0.2% of breast tumors. We report a case of a 18-year-old female, consulting for skin retraction in her left breast. The mammogram showed a focal asymmetric density of irregular edges, of 2 cm in external breast quadrants, and the percutaneous biopsy showed breast fibromatosis. Wide surgical resection was done with Weis reduction pattern, trying to achieve a good esthetic and surgical result(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Fibroma/complications , Fibroma/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mammography , Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods , Fibroma/surgery , Fibroma , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Breast Neoplasms , Connective Tissue/pathology , Connective TissueABSTRACT
Se presenta en forma preliminar la experiencia en cirugía ambulatoria de 300 pacientes en edades entre los 30 días y 15 años realizadas en el Servicio de Cirugía Infantil del Hospital Base de Valdivia, entre los años 1997 y octubre 2002, entendiendo por cirugía ambulatoria a la internación electiva, tratamiento y alta de pacientes durante el transcurso de un día hábil, excluyendo las cirugías menores efectuadas a pacientes occidentados o tratados en la Unidad de Emergencia. Se utilizaron criterios de selección como la edad (>30 días a <15 años), problemas anestésicos previsibles de acuerdo a la clasificación de estado físico de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (status ASA I y II). Las patologías más frecuentemente resueltas mediante cirugía ambulatoria fueron las hernias inguinales, fimosis y testículos no descendidos. Las complicaciones no superaron el 1 por ciento y no obligaron a prolongar la estadía de los pacientes. La experiencia presentada sugiere continuar y extender esta práctica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/economics , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/trendsABSTRACT
Primary malignant melanoma of the leptomeninges is a rare and aggressive tumor in children and accounts for less than 1% of all pediatric malignancies. Usually its symptoms include raised intracraneal pressure resulting from hydrocephalus secondary to tumoral obliteration of basal cisterns, but the passage of time from the initial symptomatology to diagnosis is frequently delayed. A 7-year-old male with primary leptomeningeal melanoma is reported. At the beginning, he presented ataxia and dysarthria followed by symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, complex partial seizures, progressive loss of consciousness, and coma. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated raised opening pressure, normal glucose, and increased protein concentration, but malignant melanoma cells were not found. Magnetic resonance imaging scans depicted bright signals in the subarachnoid spaces on T(1) images and gadolinium-enhanced focal lesions. Cerebral biopsy was proposed, but it was not authorized. Definitive diagnosis was thus made by pathologic postmortem examination.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain/pathology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meninges/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the Gilbert repair for primary treatment of indirect inguinal hernias performed as day cases. From September 1996 to September 1998, 145 patients who were admitted for ambulatory surgery underwent Gilbert tension-free repair for treatment of unilateral inguinal hernia. Sex, age, the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) preoperative assessment score, type of anaesthesia, operating time, postoperative recovery, postoperative pain, morbidity, mortality, recurrence, return to work and the normal daily activities were assessed. The mean follow-up was 21 months (range 12-36). Gilbert's classification, type 2 and 3 hernias were the most common. Spinal anaesthesia was used in 73% of patients. Mortality was zero. Four patients developed postoperative haematomas, two urinary retention, three seromas, and two wound infections. During the follow-up period, only two recurrences of hernia were noted (1.4%). In conclusion, these data show that Gilbert repair is a safe operation, which is simple to learn. It can be performed on an outpatient basis, with a low complication rate, a low level of pain and a short recovery period. Although it seems to have a low risk of recurrence, a long-term follow-up is needed.
ABSTRACT
A new species of tetraphyllidean eucestode inhabiting Urobatis tumbesensis from inshore waters of southeastern Ecuador shares 3 synapomorphies with Rhinebothroides spp.: apical bothridial suckers poorly differentiated from the marginal loculi, internal seminal vesicles, and insertion of the vas deferens dorsally closer to the poral than the aporal end of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from Rhinebothroides spp. by lacking medial bothridial septa and loculi and having symmetrical ovarian arms, and possesses an apparent autapomorphic trait by having the vas deferens tapering to a narrow tube before entering the cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to the posterior end of the cirrus sac where it expands into an external seminal vesicle running ventral to the cirrus sac anteriorly to anterior to the vagina. In Rhinebothroides spp., the vas deferens is expanded into an external seminal vesicle near the insertion into the cirrus sac As the sister group of Rhinebothroides, we propose a new genus to accommodate the new species. Phylogenetic evaluation of phyllobothriids recently assigned to Anthocephalum shows that they represent a paraphyletic assemblage of species of varying degrees of relatedness to Rhinebothroides spp. and the new species. Uncovering the relationships of the new species and the various species assigned to Anthocephalum permitted reevaluation of character transformations used in previous phylogenetic analysis of Rhinebothroides. Transformation series for 3 characters, previously based on functional outgroup comparisons, changed and a new character, length of cirrus sac, was added. The new phylogenetic analysis differs from the previous hypothesis only in placing R. scorzai as the sister species of R. circularisi + R. venezuelae + R. moralarai rather than of R. freitasi + R. glandularis + R. mclennanae. The occurrence of the sister species of Rhinebothroides in a Pacific Ocean stingray adds additional support to the hypothesis of Pacific origins of South American freshwater stingrays.
Subject(s)
Cestoda/classification , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Skates, Fish/parasitology , Animals , Cestoda/anatomy & histology , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Ecuador , Pacific Ocean , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Six species of Acanthobothrium, 4 described as new, are reported in stingrays from southern Ecuador. Acanthobothrium atahualpai n. sp. in Gymnura afuerae most closely resembles Acanthobothrium fogeli and Acanthobothrium parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks with recurved prongs and short handles. It differs from A. fogeli by having bothridial hooks 163-195 microns vs. 78-114 microns long and averaging 25 vs. 32 testes per pruglottis: it differs from A. parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks 163-195 microns vs. 87 microns long and averaging 25 vs. 13 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium minusculus n. sp. in Urolophus tumbesensis most resembles Acanthobothrium campbelli and Acanthobothrium vargasi by being no more than 3 mm long and having 6-30 testes per proglottis. It can be distinguished from them by having bothridial hooks averaging 86 microns vs. 108-111 microns and 130-133 microns long, and 6-10 vs. 15-23 and 22-29 testes per proglottis, respectively. Acanthobothrium monksi n. sp. in Aetobatus narinari resembles Acanthobothrium tasajerasi from Himantura schmardae by having a prominent genital atrium and a large globose cirrus sac; it differs by averaging 21 vs. 35 testes per proglottis and having bothridial hooks averaging 150 microns vs. 165 microns long. Acanthobothrium obuncus n. sp. in Dasyatis longus resembles a group of species characterized by wider than long to square immature and mature proglottides, bothridia at least partially fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, and asymmetrical ovarian arms with aporal arms extending anteriorly to the vaginal level. It resembles Acanthobothrium americanum by averaging 73 vs. 72 testes per proglottis, but differs by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 microns vs. 151 microns long; it resembles Acanthobothrium chilensis by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 microns vs. 130 microns long, but differs by averaging 73 vs. 90 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium campbelli in Urotrygon chilensis and Acanthobothrium costarricense in Dasyatis longus, previously known in those hosts from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, are reported from Ecuador for the first time.
Subject(s)
Cestoda/classification , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Skates, Fish/parasitology , Animals , Cestoda/anatomy & histology , Cestode Infections/parasitology , EcuadorABSTRACT
Cestodes collected in spiral valves of Rhinoptera steindachneri from the southern coast of Ecuador represent an undescribed species of Tetraphyllidea. The new species has bothridia possessing septa but lacking apical suckers. It is diagnosably distinct from all other tetraphyllidean genera by possessing a scolex comprising 4 triangular bothridia that are fused together forming a platelike structure, each of which is subdivided by 2 simple and 1 bifurcating septa radiating from its base and ringed by marginal loculi; therefore, a new genus is proposed for it. By exhibiting some degree of bothridial fusion, testes arranged in 2 layers in the proglottis and postovarian testes, the new species appears to be a member of a clade containing Dioecotaenia, Duplicibothrium, and Glyphobothrium. The new species possesses vitelline fields that converge dorsally in each proglottis, except for the ovarian and terminal genitalia areas, a feature that has been reported previously only in Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium. Furthermore, Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium, like the new species, are markedly protandric. Therefore, we propose that Duplicibothrium, Glyphobothrium, and the new species comprise the sister group of the Dioecotaeniidae, and propose a new family name for the clade. Tritaphros is rejected as a possible sister group for the clade; suggested alternatives include some species of Caulobothrium, Rhodobothrium, or some members of the Phyllobothrium centrurum group.
Subject(s)
Cestoda/classification , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Skates, Fish/parasitology , Animals , Cestoda/ultrastructure , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Ecuador , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
Se comparan los resultados obtenidos en 94 pacientes portadores de quemaduras tipo B injertadas, en quienes se utilizó como sutura quirúrgica para fijar los injertos dermoepidérmicos, corchetes Precise Ds 15-25, 3M en 40 pacientes y seda 4-0 en 54 pacientes. Se concluye que el uso de los corchetes abrevia significativamente el tiempo quirúrgico, permitiendo una fijación hemostática y rápida entre dos injertos, disminuyendo la pérdida de éstos por movilización o infección en un 50 por ciento al compararla con la sutura de seda. Por lo anterior recomendamos el uso de esta técnica quirúrgica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Burns/surgery , Surgical Flaps/methods , Skin Transplantation , Graft Rejection , Wound Infection/epidemiology , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
Durante los años 1989 y 1990 se estudiaron en forma prospectiva, en base a un protocolo común, 110 pacientes menores de 15 años afectos de peritonitis secundaria a perforación apendicular. La técnica quirúrgica fue basicamente la misma en todos los pacientes, variando sólo el esquema antibiótico utilizado. En 65 pacientes se administró penicilina-quemicetina-gentamicina y en 45 pacientes se administró ampicilina-clindamicina-gentamicina. Al comparar los resultados, los pacientes tratados con penicilina-quemicetina-gentamicina, tuvieron una mayor incidencia en abscesos residuales, 9/65 pacientes, lo que estadísticamnete fue significativo (p<0,005). La incidencia de infección de la herida operatoria fue similar en ambos grupos y la técnica quirúrgica empleada en el cierre de la herida operatoria no mostró diferencias significativas. Se concluye que la utilización de clindamicina reduce la incidencia de abscesos residuales intraperitoneales luego de la cirugía
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Appendectomy , Appendicitis/complications , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Clinical Protocols , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Penicillins/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The degranulation of mastocytes, gastric cAMP and intragastric pH after the administration of 125 micrograms/kg exogen pentagastrin in Shay rats was studied. The results showed a decrease in the number of mastocytes in the gastric mucous membrane in the first hour analysed with a highly significant increase afterwards. There was a significant increase in the values of cAMP which corresponded to an acidification of intragastric pH. From these results it may be deduced that the increase in the release of histamine, as reflected by the decrease in the number of mastocytes, provokes the increase in the gastric levels of cAMP, which would in turn be responsible for the increase in the acid secretion provoked by the administration of exogen pentagastrin.
Subject(s)
Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Mast Cells/drug effects , Pentagastrin/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Count , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Mast Cells/cytology , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
The degranulation of the gastric mastocytes, gastric cAMP levels and intragastric pH were studied in Shay rats after the intraduodenal administration of 20 mg/kg pyrenzepine chlorhydrate. There was a significant increase in the intragastric pH after the administration of this substance, reaching its maximum alkalization 120 min later. The cAMP levels decreased significantly and reached their lowest levels 60 min later. The possible antihistaminic effect of the drug was also studied. Pyrenzepine did not reduce the acid secretion induced by the subcutaneous administration of different doses of histamine. The results show that the decrease in the cAMP gastric levels and in the acid secretion was not due to an antihistaminic effect of pyrenzepine chlorhydrate.
Subject(s)
Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Histamine H1 Antagonists , Animals , Cell Count , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Mast Cells/cytology , Pirenzepine , Rats , Stomach/cytologyABSTRACT
The differential effects of malnutrition and psychosocial cultural deprivation (PSAC) upon intellectual performance and psychomotor development were studied in 52 preschool children attending nursery schools in urban Santiago (Chile). Nutritional status was evaluated according to Gómez, intellectual performance according to Weschler's scale (WISP and WISC tests), psychomotor development according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test and PSAC according to a numerical scale constructed from maternal I.Q.; socioeconomic status (Graffar) and a psychological questionnaire the correlational analysis, undernutrition was assigned a single value calculated from the severity and duration of the disease. An inverse correlation of - 0.36 existed between malnutrition and intellectual performance, and of - 0.39 between malnutrition and psychomotor development. Also, there was an inverse and significant correlation of - 0.73 between PSAC and psychomotor development; there was no correlation between PSAC and intellectual performance. Verbal I.Q. was more affected (r = - 0.52) than manual I.Q. (r = - 0.18) and children malnourished during the first 6 months of life attained lower scores of I.Q. than normals. The duration of malnutrition (mild in all cases) had no influence upon subsequent I.Q. This study was the basis for a rehabilitation program (educational-nutritional) to be applied in preschool children from nonprivileged areas.
