ABSTRACT
El VIH/SIDA en la niñez es un problema social y su abordaje trasciende al sector de la salud. Las respuestas normativas, políticas, institucionales y de servicios tienen particularidades para la infancia. Un acercamiento propuesto se basa en los siguientes ejes: salud, nutrición, educación, condiciones socioeconómicas familiares, repercusiones psicosociales, protección, vivienda y estigmatización y discriminación. Desde estos lineamientos se exploró una institución usando la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano. Se describe y analiza la vida de niños/as en la institución. Es un estudio etnográfico y participaron 31 niños/as y 30 adultos/as. La respuesta institucional es satisfactoria en salud, alimentación, educación y cuidados básicos. La no revelación del diagnóstico, la estigmatización y discriminación contra los niños/as, la validación de la institucionalización, el manejo de las repercusiones psicoemocionales y del estigma y los costos del programa fueron las principales falencias. Los niños/as aprecian la respuesta institucional sobre el cubrimiento de sus necesidades básicas y rechazan algunas prácticas que ellos/as identifican como coercitivas y estigmatizantes. El reintegro de los niños/as a sus familias se recomienda como una estrategia de trabajo futuro sustentada en evidencias que demuestran mejores resultados biopsicosociales y bajo costo.
Children with HIV/AIDS is a social issue,the approach to which transcends the health sector. The normative, political, institutional and service sector responses have specificities related to children. A proposed approach is based on the following points: health care, nutrition, education, family-socioeconomic status, psychosocial repercussions, protection, housing, stigmatization and discrimination. Based on these guidelines,a survey was conducted of an institutional responseapplying the Bioecological Model of Human Development. Life of children in the institution is described and analyzed. A group of 31 children and 30 adults participated in this ethnographic study. The institutional response concerning health, nutrition, education and basic care, is satisfactory. The main weaknesses identified were nondisclosure of the diagnosis, stigmatization and discrimination, institutionalization validation, psychoemotional repercussions and stigmatization management, and the research budget. The children acknowledge that the institution satisfies their basic-needs and disapprove of some stigmatizing and coercive practices. The reintegration of the children with their families is recommended as a future strategy based on evidence that shows it has better bio-psychosocial results and lower costs.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Institutionalization , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Colombia , Education , Social Discrimination , Socioeconomic Factors , StereotypingABSTRACT
Children with HIV/AIDS is a social issue,the approach to which transcends the health sector. The normative, political, institutional and service sector responses have specificities related to children. A proposed approach is based on the following points: health care, nutrition, education, family-socioeconomic status, psychosocial repercussions, protection, housing, stigmatization and discrimination. Based on these guidelines,a survey was conducted of an institutional responseapplying the Bioecological Model of Human Development. Life of children in the institution is described and analyzed. A group of 31 children and 30 adults participated in this ethnographic study. The institutional response concerning health, nutrition, education and basic care, is satisfactory. The main weaknesses identified were nondisclosure of the diagnosis, stigmatization and discrimination, institutionalization validation, psychoemotional repercussions and stigmatization management, and the research budget. The children acknowledge that the institution satisfies their basic-needs and disapprove of some stigmatizing and coercive practices. The reintegration of the children with their families is recommended as a future strategy based on evidence that shows it has better bio-psychosocial results and lower costs.
