Bisifusarium lunatum causing cladode soft rot in pear cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera L. Salm-Dyck) in Brazil.

Cactus pear var. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera L. Salm-Dyck) is an important crop for the Northeast region of Brazil, composing one of the main sources of animal feed. By April 2021, cladode rot caused death of several cactus pear plants in a production area located in Itaporanga, Paraíba state, Brazil (7°21'55.35" S and 38°11'38.68" W). The infected cladodes showed brown circular necrotic spots, and soft rot with perforations that extended throughout the cladode, followed by tipping over and death of the infected plants. The incidence of the disease ranged from 10 to 30% of the plants. Bisifusarium strains were isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and syntetic-nutrient-poor-agar (SNA). The colonies showed purple color on PDA. On SNA, macroconidia (n = 100) were abundant, hyaline, slightly falcate, three-septate, measuring 11.0-23.1 x 2.3-4.1 µm. Microconidia (n = 100) were oval, generally aseptate, measuring 4.1-8.7 x 2.3-3.0 µm. Conidiogenic cells formed into short monophialides. Chlamydospores were not observed. According to these morphological features, the pathogen was initially identified as Bisifusarium lunatum (Gryzenhoutm et al. 2017). For further confirmation of the identification, the partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were sequenced for a representative isolate (CMA 34: GenBank accession no: TEF1-α: OR536502; and RPB2: OR553509) and compared to other Bisifusarium species from GenBank database. Subsequently, it was subjected to a phylogenetic analysis of maximum likelihood including previously published sequences. According to BLAST searches, the TEF1-α and RPB2 sequences were 99% (637/640 nt) and 100% (312/312 nt) similar to B. lunatum (COUFAL0213: TEF1-α (MK640219), and RPB2 (MK301291)), respectively. The isolate was also clustered in a clade containing the ex-type of B. lunatum with 100% support (SH-aLRT and UFboot), being confidently assigned to this species. The pathogenicity test was performed after Medeiros et al. (2015), by using healthy two months old cactus pear seedlings (n = 10) cultivated in a greenhouse. Sterile toothpicks were distributed over colonies of the representative isolate grown on PDA at 25 ± 2 °C for seven days. Seedling cladodes were stuck with the toothpicks, moistened with sterile water and covered with transparent plastic bags for 24h, thus simulating a humid chamber. Following three months, all control plants (stuck with sterile toothpicks) remained healthy, while those inoculated with the representative isolate exhibited rot symptoms. This test was performed twice. B. lunatum was reisolated from symptomatic cladodes and identified as previously described, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of B. lunatum causing soft rot on N. cochenillifera in Brazil. Besides N. cochenillifera, this species was also reported on Opuntia ficus-indica in India (Gryzenhoutm et al., 2017), which raises concern regarding its ability to infect other forage sources for cattle feed in Brazilian semiarid regions. The present study highlights that the precise identification of B. lunatum is a key factor to adjust control strategies and management of the disease to prevent the spread of this disease to prevent its spread to other crops.

Aspirin Affects MDA-MB-231 Vesicle Production and Their Capacity to Induce Fibroblasts towards a Pro-Invasive State.

Long-term administration of aspirin (ASA, acetylsalicylic acid) in oncogenic patients has been related to a reduction in cancer risk incidence, but its precise mechanism of action is unclear. The activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is a key element in tumor progression and can be triggered by cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Targeting the communication between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) may control cancer progression. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ASA on breast cancer cells, focusing on EV secretion and their effect on the biological properties of CAFs. As a result, ASA was shown to reduce the amount and alter the size distribution of EVs produced by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. Fibroblasts stimulated with EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 treated with ASA (EV-ASA) showed a lower expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) but not fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in respect to the ones stimulated with EVs from untreated breast cancer cells (EV-CTR). Furthermore, invasion assays using a three-dimensional (3D) fibroblast spheroid model showed reduced MDA-MB-231 invasion towards fibroblast spheroids pretreated with EV-ASA as compared to spheroids prepared with EV-CTR-stimulated fibroblasts. This suggests that ASA partially inhibits the ability of tumor EVs to stimulate CAFs to promote cancer invasion. In conclusion, ASA can interfere with tumor communication by reducing EV secretion by breast tumor cells as well as by interfering with their capacity to stimulate fibroblasts to become CAFs.

Chemical typicity of tropical tannat red wines from sub-middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil.

Tannat is a Vitis vinifera cultivar with typically high phenolic compound contents, showing intense coloration, well-bodied, and great aging potential. However, even with this great potential, this variety is still commercially underexplored in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley (SSFV). This work aimed to characterize the typicity of Tannat red wines from Sub-middle São Francisco Valley (SSFV), Brazil. In addition, the present work represents the first study featuring phenolic compounds quantification and antioxidant activity of Tannat in tropical climate wine-producing regions. Considering the condition of a short-applied maceration time during the winemaking, the tropical Tannat wine showed significant antioxidant activity and high phenolic contents. Trans-caftaric, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and procyanidin B1 stood out among the phenolic compounds quantified, presenting Tannat with the potential to be an important grape variety to tropical wine-producing regions in Brazil, containing high contents of bioactive compounds. Previously results to compounds (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B2, quercetin-3-ß-D-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, and piceatannol were not found in Tannat wines. Further studies are necessary to make the Tannat grape's adaptation better in tropical climate conditions, including investigating the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Tannat red wines with longer maceration times during the winemaking.

Effect of the cold pre-fermentative maceration and aging on lees times on the phenolic compound profile, antioxidant capacity and color of red sparkling wines.

This was the first study evaluating the impact of cold pre-fermentative maceration using refrigeration on the nutraceutical quality and color of red sparkling wines elaborated with the cultivar Syrah, and the evolution of these variables with different autolysis times. The sparkling wines were elaborated using the traditional method with different maceration times (NM, 24 and 72 h) and aging on lees (3 and 18 months of autolysis). In the sequence, it was conducted the characterization of the phenolic compound profile by HPLC-DAD (n = 21), the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays), and the color (CIELab and CIEL*C*h systems). The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AOX) were higher with longer maceration (M72) and autolysis (18 months) times, reaching 453.54 mg L-1 of TPC, and AOX above 2.11 mmol TEAC L-1 by the three in vitro assays conducted. Cis-resveratrol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-ß-d-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and petunidin-3-O-glucoside showed a good correlation (r > 0.8; P < 0.05) with the antioxidant capacity and were found in higher concentrations in the sparkling wines elaborated with maceration. In addition, maceration promoted a more intense red (a*) and saturated (C*) color. Thus, the results indicated that cold pre-fermentative maceration and autolysis positively influenced the bioactive potential and the color of the red sparkling wines. This practice should be better explored through the elaboration of this product. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05531-z.

First Report of Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis Causing Root Rot on Watermelon in Brazil.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is an important crop in Brazil both for export and domestic consumption. In October 2019, watermelon plants showing decline and root rot symptoms were surveyed in 16 commercial fields in Baraúna's municipality (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). The disease prevalence was 12.5%, and the average incidence was 5%. Affected root segments were cut into small pieces and surface-disinfected with 70% ethyl alcohol and 1.5 % NaOCl for 1 and 2 min, respectively. Tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Fungal colonies developed from the infected tissues were dark or greyish, and pure cultures were obtained by hyphal tip isolation technique. Six fungal isolates with the same morphology were obtained. Two of them were selected for morphological and molecular characterization (CFC-1123 and CFC-1124). Isolates grew rapidly in PDA, covering the entire surface of the Petri dishes within 3 days. The aerial mycelium was initially white, turning dark greenish-gray after 4 to 5 days of incubation at 25°C in the dark. Isolates produced pycnidia and conidia in water-agar medium with sterilized pine needles after 30 days of incubation at 25°C under near-UV light. The conidia were initially hyaline and brown with central transverse septum and longitudinal streaks when mature. Conidia were ellipsoid to oval (22.83 ± 3.1 µm long and 11.58 ± 1.5 µm wide). Based on morphological features, the isolates were initially identified as Lasiodiplodia sp. (Phillips et al. 2013). To confirm the identification, genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as well as fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and ß-tubulin 2 (TUB) genes were amplified using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OL841380, OL865376 and OL890691 for CFC-1123, and OL841381, OL865377 and OL890692 for CFC-1124. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF and TUB gene regions of some reference sequences and ex-types of Lasiodiplodia spp. was performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates grouped in the L. brasiliensis clade (Netto et al. 2014) with 80/79% of bootstrap. The isolates were deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi from Cariri (CFC) at the Universidade Federal do Cariri (Crato, Brazil). Pathogenicity of the two isolates was determined using colonized wheat grains as inoculum source. One watermelon seed (cv. Crimson Sweet) was placed in a sterile plastic pot (500-mL) filled with 6 cm layer of a substrate composed of soil and Tropstrato® (5:1 w/w). Three wheat grains (50 mg) colonized with each isolate were placed 10 mm above the seed and covered with the substrate. Control pots were inoculated only with sterile wheat grains. There were five replicates for each isolate. The pots with seedlings were maintained in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2°C under natural light conditions. The inoculated seedlings showed poor growth, withering and drying leaves 45 days after inoculation (DAI), and subsequently root rot symptoms and death at 60 DAI. Control seedlings remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was re-isolated from all inoculated seedlings and identified by conidia morphology to fulfill Koch's postulates. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis has been reported to cause postharvest rot and gummosis of watermelon (Farr and Rossman 2022). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of watermelon decline caused by this fungus in Brazil and worldwide. This finding must be considered for developing efficient control strategies for the disease.

Geospatial analysis of births with congenital disorders, Paraná, 2008-2015: ecological study.

OBJECTIVE: analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of the prevalence rate of births with congenital disorders and its relationship with social, economic, health care and environmental indicators in Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. METHOD: ecological study with variables extracted from secondary banks, related to the births of children of mothers residing in Paraná, in two quadrennial (2008-2011 and 2012-2015). The analysis of the rates was performed with univariate spatial (Moran) and multivariate approach (Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression). RESULTS: the occurrence of congenital disorders presented a significant association (p<0.05) with: registration in primary care of pregnant women over 20 years of age; urbanization degree; consumption of pesticides; and balance of female formal employment. CONCLUSION/FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: social, health care and environmental variables showed a non-stationary spatial pattern in the analyzed period and influenced positively and negatively the rates.

Geospatial analysis of births with congenital disorders, Paraná, 2008-2015: ecological study / Análisis geoespacial de los nacimientos con anomalías congénitas, Paraná, 2008-2015: un estudio ecológico / Análise geoespacial dos nascimentos com anomalias congênitas, Paraná, 2008-2015: estudo ecológico

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of the prevalence rate of births with congenital disorders and its relationship with social, economic, health care and environmental indicators in Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. Method: ecological study with variables extracted from secondary banks, related to the births of children of mothers residing in Paraná, in two quadrennial (2008-2011 and 2012-2015). The analysis of the rates was performed with univariate spatial (Moran) and multivariate approach (Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression). Results: the occurrence of congenital disorders presented a significant association (p<0.05) with: registration in primary care of pregnant women over 20 years of age; urbanization degree; consumption of pesticides; and balance of female formal employment. Conclusion/Final considerations: social, health care and environmental variables showed a non-stationary spatial pattern in the analyzed period and influenced positively and negatively the rates.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el patrón de distribución espacial de la tasa de prevalencia de los nacimientos con anomalías congénitas y su relación con los indicadores sociales, económicos, medioambientales, de atención a la salud en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, de 2008 a 2015. Método: Estudio ecológico con variables de bancos secundarios, relativas a los nacimientos de hijos de madres residentes en el estado de Paraná, en dos cuatrienios (2008-2011 y 2012-2015). Se hizo el análisis de las tasas desde el análisis espacial univariada (Moran) y multivariante (Ordinary Least Squares y Geographically Weighted Regression). Resultados: La presencia de anomalías congénitas presentó una asociación significativa (p <0,05) con: el registro en la atención primaria de gestantes mayores de 20 años de edad; el grado de urbanización; el consumo de agrotóxicos; y el saldo de empleo formal femenino. Conclusión: Las variables sociales, medioambientales y de atención a la salud demostraron haber un patrón espacial no estacionario en el período analizado, además influenciaron positiva y negativamente las tasas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial da taxa de prevalência dos nascimentos com anomalias congênitas e sua relação com indicadores sociais, econômicos, de atenção à saúde e ambientais no estado do Paraná, Brasil, de 2008 a 2015. Método: Estudo ecológico com variáveis extraídas de bancos secundários, relativas aos nascimentos de filhos de mães residentes no estado do Paraná, em dois quadriênios (2008-2011 e 2012-2015). A análise das taxas foi realizada com abordagem espacial univariada (Moran) e multivariada (Ordinary Least Squares e Geographically Weighted Regression). Resultados: A ocorrência de anomalias congênitas apresentou associação significativa (p<0,05) com: cadastramento na atenção primária de gestantes maiores de 20 anos; grau de urbanização; consumo de agrotóxicos; e saldo de emprego formal feminino. Conclusão: As variáveis sociais, de atenção à saúde e ambientais demonstraram padrão espacial não estacionário no período analisado e influenciaram positiva e negativamente as taxas.

Análise da eficácia entre as cefalosporinas da 1. e 4. geração em cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Analysis of the efficacy enters the cephalosporins of 1st and 4th generation in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objetivo ­ Verificar a resistência antibacteriana em cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa das Unidades de Tratamento Intensio (UTI's) do Hospital 28 de agosto, Hospital Universitário Francisca Mendes e Hospital e Pronto Socorro João Lúcio Pereira Machado. Métodos ­ A partir de 12 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi realizado o teste de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), para verificar a suscetibilidade as cefalosporinas, de acordo com Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ­ CLSI. Resultados ­ Dentre os 12 isolados, 8 (67%) apresentaram resistência na concentração superior a 256 µg/mL na cefalosporina da 1ª geração (cefalotina); quanto a cefalosporina da 4ª geração (cefepima), cerca de 4 (33%) das amostras isoladas foram sensíveis ao antibiótico. Conclusão ­ Elevadas amostras foram resistentes a cefalotina, enquanto na cefepima, mostraram sensibilidade.

Objective ­ To verify the antibacterial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Hospital 28 de agosto, Hospital Universitário Francisca Mendes and Hospital e Pronto Socorro João Lúcio Pereira Machado. Methods ­ From 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was performed to verify the susceptibility of cephalosporins, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute - CLSI. Results ­ Among the 12 isolates, 8 (67%) presented resistance in the concentration above 256 µg/mL in cephalosporin of the first generation (cephalothin); for cephalosporin of the 4th generation (cefepime), about 4 (33%) of the isolated samples were sensitive to the antibiotic, at the concentration of 4 µg/mL. Conclusion ­ High samples were resistant to cephalothin, whereas in cefepime, they showed sensitivity

Sensory profile and check-all-that-apply (cata) as tools for evaluating and characterizing syrah wines aged with oak chips.

Aging wine in oak barrels provides more complexity to the beverage, but due to the high cost of wood barrels, alternative aging methodologies such as the use of oak chips gain interest of winemakers in the new world of wines, particularly in the tropical regions. This paper reports the sensory profile and consumer perception of Syrah wine produced in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil, with the addition of American and French oak chips at different stages of the fermentation process. Higher intensity of color, coffee, woody, and sweet/caramelized aromas, sweet and woody taste were observed in the age wines as compared to a control wine (no chip addition). An affective sensory test (N = 129) revealed two segments of consumers exhibiting different attitudes to the wines: one group (N = 60) rejected all samples, whereas the other (N = 69) liked them moderately. In short, the findings provide relevant information for stakeholders in the new world of wine where oak barrels impact negatively on the cost of production of wines, as is the case in Brazil.

Avaliação microbiológica do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) manejado nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã (resultados preliminares) / Microbiological evaluation of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) managed in Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves (preliminary results)

O pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) é um peixe carnívoro da Amazônia e é considerado um dos peixes mais importantes da região. Ele é manejado de forma sustentável por Acordos de Pesca da Reserva de Desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá. Dados microbiológicos são necessários para verificar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária dos peixes manejados nessa região. Devido a essa importância o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do pirarucu manejado nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã. Foram avaliados 16 amostras no total, provenientes de dois Acordos de Pesca diferentes (AP1 e AP2). Os microrganismos analisados foram Mesófilos, Staphylococcus aureus, Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. As amostras dos dois Acordos de Pesca tiveram presença para todas as bactérias e grupos de bactérias analisados, com valores mais elevados para o AP1. Tendo assim a partir desses resultados a necessidade de um controle maior das condições higiênico-sanitária no fluxograma de beneficiamento dos locais estudados.

Fatores de risco para a mortalidade perinatal: uma revisãointegrativa / Risk factors for perinatal mortality: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para mortalidade perinatal discutidos nas publicaçõescientíficas. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada em maio de 2015, com publicações entre 2010 a2014, utilizando os descritores “mortalidade perinatal” ou “perinatal mortality” e “fatores de risco”ou “risck factors”, em cinco bases de dados. Resultados: foram selecionados 18 artigos, dos quaisemergiram três blocos de variáveis: Maternas: idade, escolaridade, violência física, situaçãosocioeconômica, multiparidade e gestação gemelar; Assistenciais: atendimento pré-natal, local denascimento e tipo de parto; Recém-nascidos: peso ao nascer, idade gestacional e índice de Apgar.Considerações Finais: os fatores de risco apresentados e discutidos não são novos, constituem-secomo conhecimento já divulgado aos profissionais de saúde, fato que confirma a importância destasvariáveis e a necessidade de estudos temáticos inovadores que possam subsidiar a gestão e os serviçosde saúde.

Objective: to identify risk factors for perinatal mortality in the scientific publications. Methods:this is an integrative review realized in May, 2015, with scientific publications between 2010 to 2014.Using keywords “mortalidade perinatal” or “perinatal mortality” and “fatores de risco” or “risckfactors” in five data base. Results: were selected the 18 articles, and emerged three blocks ofvariables: Maternal: age, education, physical violence, socioeconomic status, multiparity and twinpregnancy; Assistance: prenatal care, place of birth and the type of delivery; Newborn: weight atbirth, gestational age and Apgar score. Conclusions: therefore, the risk factors presented anddiscussed are the same of knowledge already disclosed to health professionals, this fact confirms theimportance of the presented variables and of innovative thematic studies that can subsidize healthmanagement.

Distribuição espacial dos nascimentos com anomalia congênita, Paraná, 2008 a 2015: um estudo ecológico / Spatial distribution of births with congenital anomaly, Paraná, 2008 to 2015: an ecological study

Resumo: Introdução: De 1990 a 2015, a taxa de mortalidade infantil no Brasil apresentou queda significativa de 72%. Porém, atualmente, uma proporção crescente de óbitos infantis é atribuída às anomalias congênitas, que passaram de 5ª a 2ª causa de mortalidade infantil no mesmo período. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico e distribuição espacial dos Nascimentos, com foco nas Anomalias Congênitas, no estado do Paraná, Brasil, de 2008 a 2015. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa ecológica, transversal, retrospectiva e censitária, que trabalhou com banco de dados secundários, relativos ao período de 2008 a 2015, organizado em dois quadriênios. Estudadas variáveis maternas, dos recém-nascidos e assistenciais com análise descritiva. Realizada análise inferencial univariada e multivariada através da Geoestatística espacial segundo regiões administrativas e municípios do estado do Paraná. Resultados: Observou-se a maior ocorrência de nascimentos com anomalias congênitas nas faixas etárias maternas extremas (?19 anos e ? 35 anos); as mães solteiras apresentaram maior percentual de nascimentos com anomalia congênita; tipo de gestação e apresentação, denota-se no nascimento com anomalias congênitas a superioridade de gravidez gemelar e de apresentações pélvicas e transversas. Quanto às variáveis dos recém-nascidos destacou-se o sexo masculino e escore do Apgar menores, com maior risco para a ocorrência. Assistenciais: duração da gestação e peso ao nascer, os nascidos prematuramente foram três vezes maiores nos casos de anomalia; quanto ao tipo de parto, destacou-se no período a cesariana; com relação ao número de consultas e trimestre de início do pré-natal a maior parte alcançou onúmero mínimo de sete consultas e início precoce. Tipos de anomalias congênitas deacordo com as faixas etárias maternas, destacaram-se nas duas primeiras faixas as malformações e deformidades congênitas do sistema osteomuscular, em segundo as do sistema nervoso, em seguida, a fenda labiopalatal. Já em mães do grupo etário de 35 anos ou mais, observou-se maior ocorrência das anomalias cromossômicas. Na análise da distribuição espacial, evidenciou-se maiores taxas de prevalência inversamente proporcional ao cadastramento de gestantes na atenção primária e a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família; destacou-se também o emprego formal feminino, o consumo abusivo de álcool em maiores de 15 anos, e o consumo de agrotóxicos com alta significância estatística para a ocorrência de anomalias congênitas. Conclusões: Consideram-se limitações desta pesquisa o trabalho com banco de dados secundários, inferindo a necessidade de melhorias contínuas, além da falta de padrão de cálculo para a Taxa de Prevalência, nacional e internacionalmente. Se conclui que o conhecimento gerado por esta pesquisa revela parcialmente a casuística da situação problema de saúde pública - os nascimentos com anomalias congênitas. E considerando que em futuro próximo a anomalia congênita se tornará a principal causa de mortalidade infantil, assim como ocorre nos países desenvolvidos, os achados fornecem conhecimento estadual e local da problemática. Este diagnóstico poderá subsidiar os gestores para a o planejamento e qualificação dos serviços de saúde oferecidos para o atendimento adequado desta população, crescente numericamente e em morbidades, além da oferta de suporte para as famílias afetadas pelo agravo.

Abstract: Introduction: From 1990 to 2015, the infant mortality rate in Brazil showed a significant fall of 72%. Currently, however, an increasing proportion of infant deaths is attributed to congenital anomalies, which have gone from 5th to 2nd cause of infant mortality in the same period. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and spatial distribution of births, with a focus on congenital anomalies in the state of Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. Methodology: This is an ecological, cross-sectional, retrospective and census research that worked with a bank of secondary database, covering the period from 2008 to 2015, organized in two quadrenniums. Maternal, newborn and care variables were studied with descriptive analysis. Univariate and multivariate inferential analysis was performed through spatial geostatistics according to administrative regions and municipalities in the state of Paraná. Results: The highest occurrence of births with congenital anomalies in the extreme maternal age groups (?19 years and ? 35 years) was observed; single mothers had a higher percentage of births with congenital anomaly; type of gestation and presentation, the superiority of twin pregnancy and of pelvic and transverse presentations is denoted at birth with congenital anomalies. As for the variables of the newborns, the male gender and the smaller Apgar score were the most at risk. Attendance: duration of gestation and birth weight, those born prematurely were three times higher in cases of anomaly; Regarding the type of delivery, the cesarean section was highlighted; with respect to the number of visits and prenatal start-up period, the majority reached a minimum of seven visits and early onset. Types of congenital anomalies in accordance with maternal age, stood out in the first two tracks of congenital deformities and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system, according to the nervous system, then the labiopalatal slit. In mothers of the age group of 35 years or more, there was a greater occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities. In the analysis of the spatial distribution, it was evidenced higher prevalence rates inversely proportional to the registration of pregnant women in the primary care and the coverage of the Family Health Strategy; women's formal employment, abusive consumption of alcohol over 15 years and the consumption of pesticides with high statistical significance for the occurrence of congenital anomalies were also highlighted. Conclusions: We consider limitations of this research the work with secondary databases, inferring the need for continuous improvements, besides the lack of calculation standard for the Prevalence Rate, nationally and internationally. It concludes that the knowledge generated by this research partially reveals the casuistry of the public health problem situation - births with congenital anomalies. And considering that soon the congenital anomaly will become the main cause of infant mortality, as occurs in developed countries, the findings provide state and local knowledge of the problem. This diagnosis may subsidize the managers for the planning and qualification of the health services offered for the adequate attendance of this population, increasing numerically and in morbidities, besides the offer of support for the families affected by the aggravation.

A novel mycovirus associated to Alternaria alternata comprises a distinct lineage in Partitiviridae.

In the present work, we report a novel mycovirus that infects Alternaria alternata. The mycovirus has isometric particles of approximately 30nm and the genome consists of two molecules of dsRNA, dsRNA1 with 1833bp, encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and dsRNA2, with 1680bp in length, encoding the putative capsid protein (CP). RdRp analysis revealed low amino acid identity with RdRps with species in the genus Gammapartitivirus, and the alignment of the RdRp revealed all the six conserved motifs present in members of Partitiviridae. The putative coat protein (CP) analysis revealed similarity with the putative CP of Botryosphaeria dothidea partitivirus 1 (BdPV1), a divergent partitivirus. We propose that Alternaria alternata partitivirus 1 (AtPV1) is a novel species and comprises a distinct lineage related to genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae, apparently on the threshold of radiation of a new genus, together with BdPV1. Vertical transmission tests showed that AtPV1 was transmitted to 100% conidial progeny and standard curing was unable to eliminate it from the host, characterizing it as a persistent virus. The absence of a virus-free isogenic lineage prevented us from accessing the details of the interaction between AtPV1 and A. alternata. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the morphological plasticity observed or the inability of the A. alternata isolate AVi1 to cause disease in plants is associated with AtPV1 infection.

Characterization of the communication resources used by patients in palliative care - an integrative review / Caracterização dos recursos de comunicação utilizados por pacientes em cuidados paliativos - revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to integrative review of publications concerning the role of speech and language therapists in regards to communication strategies in palliative care, as well as the characterization of the types of communication used in these cases. The search was conducted in the databases SciELO, LILACS and PubMed from 2001 to 2016. The studies selected included abstracts or full articles addressing aspects of communication in palliative care, especially those related to speech and language therapy, with an emphasis on communication. Ten articles focused on communication, and published after 2004, were selected, half being literature reviews, two, case reports, two others, quantitative exploratory studies, and one, a qualitative exploratory study, with only 3 specifically describing the communication strategies used by speech and language therapists in patients in palliative care. The descriptors found were: palliative care, communication, speech and language therapy, quality of life, dysphagia, swallowing and elderly. Four of the ten articles showed the importance of patients communication in palliative care. When described, it is up to the speech and language therapist to provide family support, evaluate the patient, favore patient-family and patient-team intervention, manage and intervene in communication and swallowing. Finally, the most used communication strategies were non-verbal communication, communication board, electronic equipment, verbal communication and speech valve. The analysis of the characterization of the communication in palliative care over the past 15 years allowed concluding that the attention to communication is recent and is only described in a few reports, includes non-verbal communication in different ways as the most frequent resource, but provides oral communication as an important factor for maintaining dignity and comfort in this scenario. Speech and language therapist are the main interlocutors for the maintenance, mediation and adaptation of communication, within the multidisciplinary team as well as among patients, their family and the care team.

RESUMO O objetivo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa das publicações referentes ao papel do fonoaudiólogo em relação às estratégias de comunicação em cuidados paliativos, bem como a caracterização das formas de comunicação utilizadas nesses casos. As buscas foram realizadas nos bancos de dados da SciELO, LILACS e PubMed no período de 2001 a 2016. Foram selecionados os estudos cujos resumos, ou textos na íntegra, abordavam aspectos da comunicação em cuidados paliativos, principalmente os relacionados com a atuação fonoaudiológica, com ênfase em comunicação. Foram selecionados 10 artigos, com enfoque em comunicação, a partir de 2004, sendo metade de revisão bibliográfica, dois relatos de caso, outros dois exploratórios quantitativos e um exploratório qualitativo, com apenas 3 deles descrevendo especificamente as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas por um fonoaudiólogo com pacientes em cuidados paliativos. Os descritores encontrados foram: cuidados paliativos (Palliative care), comunicação (communication), fonoaudiologia, qualidade de vida, disfagia, deglutição e idoso. Quatro dos dez artigos apontaram a importância da comunicação dos pacientes em cuidados paliativos. Quando descrito, compete ao fonoaudiólogo: oferecer suporte familiar, avaliar o paciente, favorecer a intervenção paciente-família e paciente-equipe, gerenciar e intervir na comunicação e deglutição. Finalmente, as estratégias de comunicação mais utilizadas foram: comunicação não verbal, prancha de comunicação, equipamentos eletrônicos, comunicação verbal e válvula de fala. A análise da caracterização da comunicação em cuidados paliativos nos últimos 15 anos permitiu concluir que a atenção à comunicação é recente, com poucos relatos ainda descritos, inclui a comunicação não verbal de diferentes maneiras como o recurso mais frequente, mas prevê a comunicação oral como um importante fator para a manutenção da dignidade e conforto nesse cenário. O fonoaudiólogo é o principal interlocutor para a manutenção, mediação e adaptação da comunicação, tanto entre equipe multiprofissional, quanto entre o paciente, sua família e a equipe de cuidado.

Analysis of poultry transit, notification systems and legislation in the state of Sergipe, 2008-2012 / Análise do trânsito de aves, dos sistemas de notificação e da legislação no estado de Sergipe entre 2008 e 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the transit of poultry, as well as the inspection on the outbreak of diseases, by addressing the issues concerning the system of the National Program on Poultry Sanity and its legal resolutions. The data on the animal transportation and the occurrence of the diseases were collected from the official services. A legislation-based assessment was also carried out for the period from 2008 to 2012 in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Results showed an intense transit of poultry in just about all towns of the state in the period under study, especially in chicken farms where less number of poultry is bred: from 5,000 to 15,000. Besides, 64% of poultry transportation was found to be intermunicipal. The state of Sergipe has received poultry particularly from the states of Pernambuco (49.87%), Bahia (20.85%), Minas Gerais (5.94%), Paraíba (5.16%), and Goiás (5.05%). The number of transit indicates an increase in transit over the years. In addition, three of six municipalities which saw these diseases (Estância, São Cristóvão and Itaporanga d'Ajuda) are responsible for a great part of the poultry transit. Results also showed that the majority of activities of the State Program on Poultry Sanity would be carried out in the municipalities where a larger poultry marketing flow takes place, thereby seeking to record a greater number of notifications on the diseases and, then, carry out the surveillance activities. Therefore, regarding the poultry transit, it is recommended to do a mapping of the risk regions for poultry diseases, as well as studies about the epidemiological characterization of the municipalities of the state of Sergipe.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o trânsito de aves, sua fiscalização e o surgimento de enfermidades, abordando questões referentes ao sistema do Programa Nacional de Sanidade Avícola e suas determinações legais. Dessa forma, compilaram-se dados do serviço oficial sobre o trânsito dos animais e a ocorrência de doenças, realizando-se também uma avaliação da legislação vigente entre 2008 e 2012, no estado do Sergipe. Observou-se no período averiguado um intenso trânsito de aves em quase toda a totalidade dos municípios, principalmente entre granjas que alojam pequenas quantidades de aves (5.000 a 15.000), e 64% do total do transporte de aves ocorreu entre municípios do Estado. Os estados fornecedores de aves para Sergipe foram sobretudo Pernambuco (49,87%), Bahia (20,85%), Minas Gerais (5,94%), Paraíba (5,16%) e Goiás (5,05%). O número de guias de trânsito emitidas aponta um crescimento do trânsito ao longo dos anos. Verificaram-se que três municípios (Estância, São Cristóvão e Itaporanga d'Ajuda), dos seis acometidos por enfermidades, são aqueles responsáveis por grande parte do trânsito realizado. O estudo mostrou que para os municípios sergipanos, nos quais acontece maior fluxo de comercialização avícola, seriam indicadas mais das ações do Programa Estadual de Sanidade Avícola, com a finalidade de registrar maior número de notificações de enfermidades e, consequentemente, exercer ações de vigilância. Assim, quanto ao trânsito animal, recomendam-se a adoção de um mapeamento das regiões de risco sanitário para as enfermidades de aves e a realização de estudos sobre a caracterização epidemiológica dos municípios de Sergipe.(AU)

Desafios ao enfermeiro na implantação da classificação de risco em unidade mista / Desafíos al enfermero en la implementación de la clasificación de riesgo en una unidad mixta / Challenges to the nurse in the implementation of the classification of risk in mixed unit

Objetivo: identificar os desafios da implantação do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco para o enfermeiro classificador em uma unidade mista. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada de agosto a setembro de 2011 por entrevista semiestruturada, com sete enfermeiros de um Centro Municipal de Emergências Médicas do Sul do Brasil, para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: permitiu identificar os seguintes desafios vivenciados pelo enfermeiro classificador: manutenção do fluxo de atendimento correto no Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco; sobre carga de trabalho e utilização do protocolo classificador. Considerações finais: a sobrecarga de trabalho pode ocasionar a necessidade de um novo dimensionamento de pessoal, pois com mais esta função o enfermeiro poderá se sobrecarregar, podendo gerar afastamentos para tratamento de saúde. A adaptação às queixas dos usuários para inseri-las no protocolo é um desafio para os enfermeiros.

Aim: to identify the challenges of implementation of the Host With Risk Rating for nurses classifier in a mixed unit. Method: this is a descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach,conducted from august to September 2011 by interview semiestrututred, with seven nurses from a Municipal Centre for Medical Emergencies from southern Brazil to treat the data we used the technique of content analysis. Results: identified the following challenges experienced by nurses classifier: maintaining the flow of correct care in Host With Risk Rating; work load and use protocol classifier. Final Thoughts: work overload can cause the need for a new design staff, as this function over the nurse may overload and can cause absenteeism for health treatment. Adapting to usercomplaints to insert them in the protocol is a challenge for nurses.

Objetivo: identificar los desafíos de la implementación del Acogimiento con Clasificación de Riesgo para el enfermero clasificador en una unidad mixta. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de abordaje cualitativo realizado de agosto a septiembre de 2011 a travésde entrevista semiestrututrada, con siete enfermeros de un Centro Municipal de Emergencias Médicas del Sur de Brasil. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis decontenido. Resultados: identificaron los siguientes desafíos experimentados por el enfermero clasificador: manutención del flujo de la atención correcta en el Acogimiento con Clasificación de Riesgo, sobrecarga de trabajo y uso del protocolo clasificador. Consideraciones finales: la sobrecarga de trabajo puede provocar la necesidad de un nuevo dimensionamiento personal, ya quecon esta función el enfermero puede sobrecargar, causando ausencia para tratamiento de la salud. Adaptarse a las quejas de los usuarios para insertarlos en el protocolo es un desafío para los enfermeros.

Reconstruções mamárias: estudo retrospectivo de 10 anos / Breast reconstruction procedures: a 10-year retrospective study

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é um dos principais problemas de saúde do mundo e sua incidência vem aumentando gradativamente. A mastectomia e as terapias adjuvantes contribuem para o desenvolvimento de complicações físicas e transtornos psicológicos. Na tentativa de reduzir os sentimentos negativos, melhorar a autoestima e suprir a falta da mama, pode-se optar pela reconstrução cirúrgica. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os casos de reconstrução mamária pós-mastectomia por câncer de mama, realizados em um período de 10 anos, na clínica privada do autor principal. MÉTODO: Foi realizada revisão dos prontuários de pacientes submetidas a reconstrução mamária, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2011. RESULTADOS: No período analisado, foram realizadas 428 reconstruções mamárias em pacientes mastectomizadas por câncer de mama. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 52,77 anos. Quanto ao tipo de reconstrução, 134 procedimentos foram realizados com retalho do músculo reto abdominal (TRAM), 105 com técnicas conservadoras, 87 com retalho do músculo grande dorsal (RGD), 76 com próteses e 26 secundárias. Previamente a outubro de 2007, a porcentagem de cirurgias bilaterais, somando-se TRAM e RGD, era de 30%; a partir desse período, a porcentagem passou para 84%. A taxa de complicações foi de 33,41%. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de reconstrução mamária são alternativas seguras, com taxas de complicação aceitáveis. A presença de fatores de risco resultou em maior taxa de complicações e evidenciou-se aumento da incidência de cirurgias bilaterais nos últimos anos, fato atribuído ao aumento das mastectomias profiláticas na mama contralateral ao tumor, o que pode reduzir o risco da neoplasia e facilitar a simetrização mamária.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a major global health problem with a gradually increasing incidence. Mastectomy and adjuvant therapies may result in physical complications and psychological disorders that lead several women to consider surgical reconstruction in order to reduce negative feelings, improve self-esteem, and be provided with a new breast. The aim of this study is to analyze a series of breast reconstruction procedures performed over a period of 10 years in the first author's private clinic in patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer removal. METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction between January 2002 and December 2011. RESULTS: In the period considered, 428 breast reconstruction procedures were performed in patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer removal. The average patient age was 52.77 years. With regard to the type of reconstruction, 134 procedures were performed using the rectus abdominis muscle flap (TRAM); 105, using conservative techniques; 87, using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF); 76, using prostheses; and 26, in secondary procedures. Before October 2007, the percentage of bilateral surgeries, including the use of TRAM and LDMF, was 30%. After October 2007, this percentage increased to 84%. The complication rate was 33.41%. CONCLUSIONS: Breast reconstruction procedures are safe with limited complications that increase according to the presence of risk factors. The increased incidence of bilateral surgeries performed during recent years was attributed to the increased incidence of prophylactic mastectomy performed on the contralateral breast to reduce the risk of cancer and facilitate mammary symmetrization.

Videolaryngostroboscopy and voice evaluation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

UNLABELLED: Arthritis may affect the larynx and produce symptoms such as hoarseness and vocal fatigue. OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to evaluate the laryngeal manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: This is prospective study assessed 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with the aid of videolaryngostroboscopy, auditory-perceptual analysis of the speech using the GIRBAS scale, acoustic analysis and the Voice Handicap Index questionnaire. RESULTS: Nineteen patients had laryngeal complaints, the main ones being intermittent dysphonia and sensation of a foreign body in the throat. The most frequent laryngoscopical finding was overlapping arytenoids. Three patients had low pitch, nine patients had mild dysphonia and roughness. Median acoustic measures were: F0, 198.39 Hz; Jitter, 0.815; Shimmer, 4.915; and NHR, 0.144. Regarding the Voice Handicap Index, the median score was zero in all domains. There was a statistically significant correlation between voice complaints and the domains of this index. Functional classes were significantly correlated to: overlapping arytenoids (p = 0.001), PPQ (p = 0.0257), Shimmer (p = 0.0295), APQ (p = 0.0195), and the VHI physical (p = 0.0227) and total domains (p = 0.0425). CONCLUSION: Laryngeal complaints were reported by 70.4% of the patients and laryngoscopical alterations were observed in 48% of the subjects. Voice acoustic evaluation and self-perception were altered.