ABSTRACT
Hemifacial hyperplasia is a developmental disorder characterized by marked unilateral facial asymmetry. It involves the hard and soft tissues of the face. The cause is unknown, although several predisposing factors have been described. A case report of an 8-year-old boy with hemifacial hyperplasia is presented to highlight the clinical and imaging findings.
Subject(s)
Facial Asymmetry/congenital , Facial Asymmetry/pathology , Facial Bones/abnormalities , Child , Dental Care for Chronically Ill , Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Tomography, Spiral ComputedABSTRACT
A contaminação dos materiais de uso comum nas clínicas/escola de odontologia representa um problema, principalmente pelo risco de transmissão de microrganismos patogênicos. Os tubos de resina composta, por exemplo, podem ser veículos responsáveis por contaminação cruzada. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de contaminação em tubos de resina manipulados sem barreira de proteção. Os tubos de resina foram manipulados por um grupo de graduandos em uma clínica/escola durante 9 sessões, sempre ao final do procedimento clínico, estando o voluntário ainda calçado com as luvas utilizadas no atendimento do paciente. Dez tubos de resina, do mesmo lote de fabricação, foram utilizados; sendo que um deles foi o controle negativo e 9 foram manipulados na clínica. Para verificação de contaminação um tubo de resina de cada vez foi incubado por 24h num tubo de ensaio contendo água peptonada tamponada e 100µL do inóculo resultante foi semeado em duplicata em Ágar BHI e em Ágar Manitol Salgado. A contaminação foi observada através da contagem total de microrganismos nas culturas em Agar BHI, e a presença de Staphylococcus spp. nas culturas em Agar Manitol Salgado. O tubo controle não apresentou nenhuma contaminação. Os tubos manipulados após os procedimentos clínicos apresentaram contaminação desde a primeira sessão de manipulação. A cada nova sessão de manipulação foi observada maior contagem total de microrganismos e maior contagem de estafilococos. Os resultados indicam que para evitar infecções cruzadas há necessidade de utilização de métodos de desinfecção e utilização de barreiras de proteção dos materiais de uso comum.
The contamination of materials of common use at the clinics of dental schools is a problem, mainly due to the risk of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Composite resin tubes, for example, can be vehicles for cross-contamination. The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of contamination on resin tubes handled without a protective barrier. The resin tubes were manipulated during nine sessions in a dental school clinic by a group of last-grade students, always at the end of the clinical procedure, when each volunteer was still using the same gloves he used to care for his/her last patient. Ten resin tubes of the same batch / lot number were used: one of them was the negative control, and nine were handled at the clinic. To determine contamination, one resin tube at a time was inoculated for 24 hours in a test tube containing buffered peptone water; 100µL of the resultant inoculate was placed in duplicate in a plaque with BHI agar and in mannitol salt agar. Contamination was observed by total microorganism count in BHI agar cultures, and the presence of Staphylococcus spp. was verified in mannitol salt agar. The control tube showed no contamination. The tubes manipulated after clinical procedures were contaminated right from the first handling session. Each new session showed a higher total count of microorganisms and a higher count of Staphylococcus spp. The results indicate that it is necessary to use disinfection methods and protective barriers to avoid cross-infections by the use of common-use materials.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mucosal surfaces are the primary oral reservoirs of Candida species, but these species can also be found in subgingival biofilm. The present study investigated the genetic diversity and production of exoenzymes of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolated from the oral cavity of systemically healthy patients with periodontitis. DESIGN: Fifty-three patients were analysed. Samples were collected from three oral cavity sites (periodontal pocket, gingival sulci and oral mucosa), plated and, after isolation, suspect strains of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were identified by PCR. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated by RAPD and the activities of the secreted aspartyl proteinases and phospholipases were evaluated by the agar plate method. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients showed positive results for Candida spp. There were no statistically significant differences between genders, or between sites. C. albicans was the most frequently found specie, while C. dubliniensis was isolated from the periodontal pocket of only one patient. Sixteen genotypes were detected among the C. albicans isolates, and one among the C. dubliniensis isolates. The similarity coefficient (S(SM)) values among the C. albicans genotypes ranged from 0.684 to 1.0 with an average of 0.905+/-0.074. All isolates produced high levels of Saps and most of them produced high levels of phospholipases. No relationship was found between the genotypes and the pattern of enzymatic production. There was no association between specific genotypes and their site of isolation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that genetically homogeneous strains of C. albicans are present in the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and that these strains are capable of producing high levels of exoenzyme.