ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Identificar se há diferença na concentração plasmática e eritrocitária de zinco na pessoa idosa com e sem a doença de Alzheimer. Métodos Estudo transversal com grupo comparação, realizado com pessoas idosas com e sem doença de Alzheimer, pareadas por sexo, escolaridade e idade. A concentração de zinco foi medida através de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica em forno grafite. Resultados Total de 102 pessoas, 68 no grupo saudável (NDA-g) e 34 o grupo com doença (DA-g). O grupo DA-g apresentou menores concentrações plasmáticas e maior frequência no primeiro quartil para concentrações intraeritrocitárias de zinco. As concentrações plasmáticas e eritrocitárias não apresentaram correlação com tempo de diagnóstico e a idade em ambos os grupos. Na análise de regressão logística, a concentração plasmática esteve associada à DA-g (OR=0,964; p=0,028). Conclusão Pessoas idosas com doença de Alzheimer apresentam menores concentrações plasmáticas e eritrocitárias de zinco.
Abstract Objective To identify whether there is a difference in plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentration in older adults with and without Alzheimer's disease. Methods Crosssectional study with a comparative group, conducted with older adults with and without Alzheimer's disease, matched by sex, education, and age. Zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a graphite furnace. Results There were 102 people, 68 in the healthy group (NDA-g) and 34 in the group with disease (AD-g). The AD-g group had lower plasma zinc concentrations and higher frequency in the first quartile for intraerythrocyte zinc concentrations. Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations did not correlate with the time of diagnosis and age in both groups. In the logistic regression analysis, plasma concentration was associated with AD-g (OR=0.964; p=0.028). Conclusion Older people with Alzheimer's disease have lower plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To verify the association between nutritional risk on admission and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized children and adolescents. Methods: Multicenter cohort study was conducted in two cities in the northeastern region of Brazil, with children under 18 years of age laboratory diagnosed with COVID-19. Sociodemographic data and nutritional risk screening by STRONGKids (low, medium and high risk) were collected remotely and in hospital records, respectively. The outcomes assessed were the need for ICU admission, length of stay (< 10 days or ≥ 10 days), critical cases, and death. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effects of high nutritional risk on COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Results: 103 individuals were evaluated, of these 35 (34.0%) had low risk, 44 (42.7%) medium risk, and 24 (23.3%) had high risk of malnutrition. In multivariate analysis, ICU bed admission (OR: 4.57; 95%CI, 1.39-4.97; p = 0.01), hospitalization longer than or equal to ten days (OR: 3.96; 95%CI, 1.22-2.83; p = 0.02) and critical cases (OR: 4.35; 95%CI, 1.08-7.55; p = 0.04) were associated with high nutritional risk. Death was not associated with high nutritional risk. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with high nutritional risk by STRONGkids at hospital admission were more likely to be admitted to the ICU, have hospitalization longer than or equal to ten days, and have critical cases when infected with SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exercise in the heat can promote dehydration, which could impair ammonia metabolism, cognitive-motor performance, and muscle damage. However, exercise heat acclimation induces physiological adaptations that improve performance, metabolism, and cellular protection. This study aimed to evaluate different dehydration levels and their impact on blood ammonia, cognitive-motor performance, and muscle damage after a race in the heat in acclimated runners. METHODS: Sixteen male amateur endurance runners performed a half marathon race. After the race, the runners were divided into two groups according to their percentage body mass change (Δ% BM): Δ% BM less than 3% (G1%; N.=8) and Δ% BM greater than or equal to 3% (G3%; N.=8). Hydration status, biochemical parameters, and cognitive-motor performance were assessed before and after the race. RESULTS: Blood ammonia concentrations were increased in both G1% (before: 46±26 µmol/L; after: 118±22 µmol/L) and G3% (before: 41±15 µmol/L; after: 108±15 µmol/L) groups. There was an early increase in all markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) in both groups, but only LDH was greater in the G3% group than in the G1% group. Cognitive-motor performance did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dehydration up to ~4% BM loss does not affect blood ammonia concentrations and cognitive-motor performance in acclimated runners. The results also suggest that exercising in the heat induces the early appearance of several markers of muscle damage in acclimated runners regardless of hydration status.
