Bi-directional hyperspectral reconstruction of cherry tomato: diagnosis of internal tissues maturation stage and composition.

Introduction: Precision monitoring maturity in climacteric fruits like tomato is crucial for minimising losses within the food supply chain and enhancing pre- and post-harvest production and utilisation. Objectives: This paper introduces an approach to analyse the precision maturation of tomato using hyperspectral tomography-like. Methods: A novel bi-directional spectral reconstruction method is presented, leveraging visible to near-infrared (Vis-NIR) information gathered from tomato spectra and their internal tissues (skin, pulp, and seeds). The study, encompassing 118 tomatoes at various maturation stages, employs a multi-block hierarchical principal component analysis combined with partial least squares for bi-directional reconstruction. The approach involves predicting internal tissue spectra by decomposing the overall tomato spectral information, creating a superset with eight latent variables for each tissue. The reverse process also utilises eight latent variables for reconstructing skin, pulp, and seed spectral data. Results: The reconstruction of the tomato spectra presents a mean absolute percentage error of 30.44 % and 5.37 %, 5.25 % and 6.42 % and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.85, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99 for the skin, pulp and seed, respectively. Quality parameters, including soluble solid content (%), chlorophyll (a.u.), lycopene (a.u.), and puncture force (N), were assessed and modelled with PLS with the original and reconstructed datasets, presenting a range of R2 higher than 0.84 in the reconstructed dataset. An empirical demonstration of the tomato maturation in the internal tissues revealed the dynamic of the chlorophyll and lycopene in the different tissues during the maturation process. Conclusion: The proposed approach for inner tomato tissue spectral inference is highly reliable, provides early indications and is easy to operate. This study highlights the potential of Vis-NIR devices in precision fruit maturation assessment, surpassing conventional labour-intensive techniques in cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The implications of this advancement extend to various agronomic and food chain applications, promising substantial improvements in monitoring and enhancing fruit quality.

Reagentless Vis-NIR Spectroscopy Point-of-Care for Feline Total White Blood Cell Counts.

Spectral point-of-care technology is reagentless with minimal sampling (<10 µL) and can be performed in real-time. White blood cells are non-dominant in blood and in spectral information, suffering significant interferences from dominant constituents such as red blood cells, hemoglobin and billirubin. White blood cells of a bigger size can account for 0.5% to 22.5% of blood spectra information. Knowledge expansion was performed using data augmentation through the hybridization of 94 real-world blood samples into 300 synthetic data samples. Synthetic data samples are representative of real-world data, expanding the detailed spectral information through sample hybridization, allowing us to unscramble the spectral white blood cell information from spectra, with correlations of 0.7975 to 0.8397 and a mean absolute error of 32.25% to 34.13%; furthermore, we achieved a diagnostic efficiency between 83% and 100% inside the reference interval (5.5 to 19.5 × 109 cell/L), and 85.11% for cases with extreme high white blood cell counts. At the covariance mode level, white blood cells are quantified using orthogonal information on red blood cells, maximizing sensitivity and specificity towards white blood cells, and avoiding the use of non-specific natural correlations present in the dataset; thus, the specifity of white blood cells spectral information is increased. The presented research is a step towards high-specificity, reagentless, miniaturized spectral point-of-care hematology technology for Veterinary Medicine.

O desenvolvimento do projeto terapêutico singular na saúde mental: revisão integrativa / The development of the singular therapeutic project in mental health: integrative review / El desarrollo del proyecto terapéutico singular en salud mental: revisión integradora

O Projeto Terapêutico Singular constitui-se como uma das principais estratégias de cuidado em saúde mental, pois é pautada em uma clínica que acolhe, aposta na formação de vínculos e promove a continuidade do cuidado ao usuário. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar quais as evidências científicas sobre o desenvolvimento do Projeto Terapêutico Singular na saúde mental. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realidade no período do mês de julho a outubro de 2022. Para a formulação da questão de pesquisa, utilizou-se a estratégia do acrônimo PICo, resultando na seguinte pergunta: quais as evidências científicas sobre o desenvolvimento do Projeto Terapêutico Singular na Saúde Mental? Os resultados encontrados apontam que o mesmo apresenta potencialidades e desafios quanto ao seu desenvolvimento no âmbito da saúde mental. O cuidado compartilhado e a formação de vínculo com o usuário apresentaram-se como fatores importantes para o desenvolvimento do instrumento. Entende-se que as inovações do cuidado em saúde mental, tais como a clínica ampliada e o desenvolvimento do Projeto Terapêutico Singular, possibilitam a inclusão social da loucura e da diferença em diferentes espaços do contexto social e cultural.

The Singular Therapeutic Project is one of the main strategies for care in mental health, because it is based on a clinic that welcomes, encourages the formation of bonds and promotes the continuity of care to the user. This study aims to identify the scientific evidence on the development of the Singular Therapeutic Project in mental health. This is an integrative literature review, from July to October 2022. To formulate the research question, the strategy of the acronym PICo was used, resulting in the following question: what is the scientific evidence on the development of the Singular Therapeutic Project in Mental Health? The results found point out that it has potentialities and challenges regarding its development in the mental health field. The shared care and the formation of a bond with the user were presented as important factors for the development of the instrument. It is understood that innovations in mental health care, such as the expanded clinic and the development of the Singular Therapeutic Project, enable the social inclusion of madness and difference in different spaces of the social and cultural context.

El Proyecto Terapéutico Singular es una de las principales estrategias de atención en salud mental, ya que se basa en una clínica que acoge, apuesta por la formación de vínculos y promueve la continuidad asistencial al usuario. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la evidencia científica sobre el desarrollo del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular en salud mental. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, realidad en el período de julio a octubre de 2022. Para formular la pregunta de investigación, se utilizó la estrategia del acrónimo PICo, resultando en la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál es la evidencia científica sobre el desarrollo del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular en Salud Mental? Los resultados encontrados indican que tiene potencialidades y desafíos en cuanto a su desarrollo en salud mental. El cuidado compartido y la formación de vínculo con el usuario se presentaron como factores importantes para el desarrollo del instrumento. Se entiende que innovaciones en la atención a la salud mental, como la clínica ampliada y el desarrollo del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular, permiten la inclusión social de la locura y de la diferencia en diferentes espacios del contexto social y cultural.

Prevention of non-suicidal self-injury: construction and validation of educational material.

OBJECTIVE: to develop and validate educational material to strengthen adolescent health care on non-suicidal self-injury. METHOD: methodological research designed in three stages: (1) construction of the material based on a mixed study on needs related to the theme through social networks and an umbrella review on health care related to non-suicidal self-injury; (2) validation with 10 experts in mental health and/or self-inflicted violence selected through the Lattes Platform; (3) evaluation by the target public, with health professionals being invited, without restriction of training. Validation and evaluation data were collected by using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults. We used descriptive statistics, content validity index, and Gwet's AC1 test. RESULTS: the material obtained good general acceptance and reliability in the validation by the experts (AC1= 0.633; p=0.0000) and in the evaluation by the target public (AC1=0.716; p=0.0000). All professionals pointed out the personal contribution and educational potential of the material. CONCLUSION: we highlight the construction of science-based educational material to strengthen the health care for adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. KEYPOINTS: (1) Scientific data-based construction of educational material for prevention of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). (2) General acceptance and reliability in the validation of the material by experts. (3) Acceptance and reliability in the evaluation of the material by health professionals. (4) Dissemination of material for health education initiatives to prevent NSSI.

Systematic review of digital interventions to support refusal self-efficacy in child and adolescent health promotion.

Refusal self-efficacy protects against risky health behavior. Digital interventions have the potential to support self-efficacy due to the enactive experience provided by digital technologies. The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the evidence of digital interventions to support refusal self-efficacy in child and adolescent health promotion. Following the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, five electronic databases were searched from 2009 to 2020. The studies were assessed by two independent reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. Eligible studies were included in the review, assessed for risk of bias, synthesized narratively and assessed for evidence quality with the GRADE approach. Twenty-three studies, that examined 18 different interventions, were included in the review. The interventions included various digital elements as means to support the child and adolescent refusal self-efficacy (e.g. games, videos, feedback and activities for regulating feelings). The interventions improving refusal self-efficacy were more often used at home setting and addressed the four sources of self-efficacy with different digital elements regardless of intervention duration and intensity. Although the results on intervention effects varied and the evidence quality remained low, the overall evidence concerning these interventions was encouraging. Based on the subgroup analysis, the results were mainly encouraging among girls. When these interventions are implemented in health promotion, their benefits and weaknesses need to be considered comprehensively. The results provide information for designing and developing digital interventions to support child and adolescent refusal self-efficacy. Further research with larger sample sizes and more rigorous study designs is needed to strengthen the evidence of these interventions.

Refusal self-efficacy determines children's and adolescents' health behavior, for example when they are being offered cigarettes or alcohol and they face the challenge of refusing it. Since digital interventions are potential tools to support refusal self-efficacy, this review examined digital interventions to support refusal self-efficacy in child and adolescent health promotion. Twenty-three studies that examined such interventions were found. Most of the interventions that improved child and adolescent refusal self-efficacy were used in home settings and addressed all sources of self-efficacy regardless of intervention duration. Although the results varied, the interventions in general seemed to improve refusal self-efficacy, especially among girls. However, this study suggests that more high-quality research with more study participants is still needed to make stronger conclusions. Also, the benefits and weaknesses of digital interventions to support refusal self-efficacy need to be considered comprehensively before using them in child and adolescent health promotion.

Nutrient overload promotes the transition from top-down to bottom-up control and triggers dystrophic crises in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon.

The excess input of nutrients that triggers eutrophication processes is one of the main destabilizing factors of coastal ecosystems, being coastal lagoons prone to suffer these effects and present dystrophic crises. This process is aggravated by the current trend of rising temperatures and more frequent torrential rains due to climate change. We observed that the Mar Menor lagoon had a great capacity for self-regulation of its trophic web and resistance to the eutrophication process, but after 30 years of nutrient input due to the change in the agricultural regime in its drainage basin in the 1990s, the lagoon ecosystem has suffered several of these events. In this work, we characterize the seasonal dynamic of the pelagic system during the last dystrophic crises. Phosphorus and nitrogen alternate as the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton proliferation. The entrance of phosphorus is mainly related to vacation periods, while nitrogen inputs, both superficial and sub-superficial, are more related to chronic high nitrates concentration in the water table after the agricultural activities carried out in the area changed. Our analysis reveals that the summer season is prone to suffer periodical hypoxia events when the N/P ratio decreases, and the temperature rises. In the Mar Menor, the ecological balance has been maintained in recent decades thanks to, among other mechanisms, the spatial and temporal segregation of top-down control over phytoplankton exerted by three species of jellyfish. However, the deep reduction in the abundance of the summer jellyfish species and the excessive proliferation of phytoplankton has meant the loss of this control. Moreover, we have registered a decline in the abundance of all the other zooplanktonic groups during the dystrophic crises. We suggest that management actions should address the input sources of water and nutrients, and an integrated management of the activities carried out throughout the watershed.

Prevention of non-suicidal self-injury: construction and validation of educational material / Prevenção da autolesão não suicida: construção e validação de material educativo / Prevención de las autolesiones no suicidas: construcción y validación de material educativo

Abstract Objective: to develop and validate educational material to strengthen adolescent health care on non-suicidal self-injury. Method: methodological research designed in three stages: (1) construction of the material based on a mixed study on needs related to the theme through social networks and an umbrella review on health care related to non-suicidal self-injury; (2) validation with 10 experts in mental health and/or self-inflicted violence selected through the Lattes Platform; (3) evaluation by the target public, with health professionals being invited, without restriction of training. Validation and evaluation data were collected by using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults. We used descriptive statistics, content validity index, and Gwet's AC1 test. Results: the material obtained good general acceptance and reliability in the validation by the experts (AC1= 0.633; p=0.0000) and in the evaluation by the target public (AC1=0.716; p=0.0000). All professionals pointed out the personal contribution and educational potential of the material. Conclusion: we highlight the construction of science-based educational material to strengthen the health care for adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury.

Resumo Objetivo: elaborar e validar um material educativo para fortalecer a assistência em saúde aos adolescentes sobre a autolesão não suicida. Método: pesquisa metodológica delineada em três etapas: (1) construção do material a partir de estudo misto sobre necessidades ligadas à temática por meio das redes sociais e uma revisão guarda-chuva sobre a assistência relacionada à autolesão não suicida; (2) validação com 10 especialistas em saúde mental e/ou violência autoprovocada selecionados pela Plataforma Lattes; (3) avaliação pelo público-alvo, sendo convidados profissionais de saúde, sem restrição de formação. A coleta dos dados de validação e avaliação foi realizada por um questionário sociodemográfico e o Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults. Foi empregada a estatística descritiva, índice de validade de conteúdo e o teste AC1 de Gwet. Resultados: o material obteve boa aceitação geral e confiabilidade na validação pelos especialistas (AC1=0,633; p=0,0000) e na avaliação pelo público-alvo (AC1=0,716; p=0,0000). Todos os profissionais apontaram a contribuição pessoal e potencial educativo do material. Conclusão: destaca-se a construção de material educativo embasado em ciência para o fortalecimento da assistência aos adolescentes com autolesão não suicida.

Resumen Objetivo: elaborar y validar un material educativo para fortalecer la asistencia en salud a los adolescentes sobre la autolesión no suicida. Método: investigación metodológica delineada en tres etapas: (1) Construcción del material a partir de un estudio mixto sobre las necesidades vinculadas al tema por medio de las redes sociales y una revisión paraguas sobre la asistencia relacionada con la autolesión no suicida; (2) validación con 10 especialistas en salud mental y/o violencia autoprovocada seleccionados por la Plataforma Lattes; (3) Evaluación por parte del público objetivo, siendo invitados profesionales de salud, sin restricción de formación. La recolección de los datos de validación y evaluación fue realizada por un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva, el índice de validez de contenido y el test AC1 de Gwet. Resultados: el material obtuvo una buena aceptación general y confiabilidad en la validación por parte de los especialistas (AC1=0,633; p = 0,0000) y en la evaluación por el público objetivo (AC1 = 0,716; p=0,0000). Todos los profesionales señalaron la contribución personal y el potencial educativo del material. Conclusión: se destaca la construcción de material educativo basado en ciencia para fortalecer la asistencia a los adolescentes con autolesión no suicida.

Attitudes of nursing students towards substance users and perceptions about religious/spiritual care.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the attitudes of Nursing students towards users of psychoactive substances (excluding alcohol and tobacco) and their perceptions about the religious and spiritual care offered within the health services. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study. We applied a questionnaire before and one month after an intervention about the comprehensive care of substance users, containing: sociodemographic information, knowledge, the Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale, and the Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. For the analyses, we employed the paired Student's t-test and Pearson's Coefficient. RESULTS: 62 students participated in this study. After the intervention, there was improvement in the students' attitudes towards the substance users, but not regarding the perception they already had about the importance of offering religious and spiritual care within the services. CONCLUSION: We verified the effectiveness of the educational intervention on the improvement of attitudes concerning the care of substance users, yet we point out that the students did not show changes in their perception about the inclusion of the religious and spiritual aspects in the care dedicated to this population.

Facebook: an ally in health promotion

Introduction: Social media are widely used in the everyday lives of a large part of the world's population. As one of the most popular networks, Facebook can be used for health promotion. Objective: To identify and summarize the characteristics of health promotion pro-grams using social media (Facebook). Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted using the PI(C)OD methodology (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and design). Data were collected in May and June 2016 in the following databases: Regional Busi-ness News, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, MEDLINE with Full Text, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, Business Source Complete, and Library, Information Scien-ce & Technology Abstracts. Results: Nine articles were included in this review. Their analysis showed that social media are used for health promotion. Facebook is the most widely used social net-work due to its greater visibility, easier content dissemination, and the possibility for feedback through likes, shares, and comments. Conclusions: Evidence shows that Facebook is an important platform for the imple-mentation of health promotion programs. Social media are great allies for health promotion in nursing

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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have higher abdominal adiposity and less skeletal mass than healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: Abdominal fat type and distribution have been associated with complicated Crohn's disease and adverse postoperative outcomes. Few studies have assessed the abdominal distribution of fat and lean stores in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compared this with healthy controls. This retrospective study aimed to compare the abdominal body composition in IBD patients who failed medical treatment and who underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging prior to gastrointestinal surgery with healthy controls. Associations between preoperative abdominal body composition and postoperative outcomes within a year of surgery were explored. METHODS: Abdominal body composition was evaluated in 22 presurgical patients with medically refractory IBD (18 with Crohn's disease) and 22 healthy controls, using routinely acquired CT. Total fat, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area were measured. RESULTS: An independent disease effect was observed, explaining a fat deposition excess of 38 cm2 and a skeletal muscle deficit of 15 cm2 in IBD. Abdominal skeletal muscle correlated with visceral fat for the control (rho=0.51, P=0.015), but not for the IBD group (rho=-0.13, P=0.553). A positive correlation observed between subcutaneous fat with skeletal muscle in the controls (rho=0.47, P=0.026) was inverted in the IBD group (rho=-0.43, P=0.045). Preoperative abdominal body composition was not predictive of postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: A higher degree of abdominal adiposity, a lower skeletal mass and a larger body size for the same anthropometry can be expected in IBD patients. Preoperative abdominal body composition is not associated with surgical outcomes.

Detection of BCG bacteria using a magnetoresistive biosensor: A step towards a fully electronic platform for tuberculosis point-of-care detection.

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health concerns. This highly contagious disease affects more than 10.4 million people, being a leading cause of morbidity by infection. Tuberculosis is diagnosed at the point-of-care by the Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy test. Ziehl-Neelsen is laborious, prone to human error and infection risk, with a limit of detection of 104 cells/mL. In resource-poor nations, a more practical test, with lower detection limit, is paramount. This work uses a magnetoresistive biosensor to detect BCG bacteria for tuberculosis diagnosis. Herein we report: i) nanoparticle assembly method and specificity for tuberculosis detection; ii) demonstration of proportionality between BCG cell concentration and magnetoresistive voltage signal; iii) application of multiplicative signal correction for systematic effects removal; iv) investigation of calibration effectiveness using chemometrics methods; and v) comparison with state-of-the-art point-of-care tuberculosis biosensors. Results present a clear correspondence between voltage signal and cell concentration. Multiplicative signal correction removes baseline shifts within and between biochip sensors, allowing accurate and precise voltage signal between different biochips. The corrected signal was used for multivariate regression models, which significantly decreased the calibration standard error from 0.50 to 0.03log10 (cells/mL). Results show that Ziehl-Neelsen detection limits and below are achievable with the magnetoresistive biochip, when pre-processing and chemometrics are used.

Attitudes of nursing students towards substance users and perceptions about religious/spiritual care / Actitudes de estudiantes de enfermería ante el adicto a sustancias y percepciones acerca del cuidado religioso/espiritual / Atitudes de estudantes de enfermagem frente ao usuário de substâncias e percepções sobre o cuidado religioso/espiritual

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the attitudes of Nursing students towards users of psychoactive substances (excluding alcohol and tobacco) and their perceptions about the religious and spiritual care offered within the health services. Method: Quasi-experimental study. We applied a questionnaire before and one month after an intervention about the comprehensive care of substance users, containing: sociodemographic information, knowledge, the Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale, and the Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. For the analyses, we employed the paired Student's t-test and Pearson's Coefficient. Results: 62 students participated in this study. After the intervention, there was improvement in the students' attitudes towards the substance users, but not regarding the perception they already had about the importance of offering religious and spiritual care within the services. Conclusion: We verified the effectiveness of the educational intervention on the improvement of attitudes concerning the care of substance users, yet we point out that the students did not show changes in their perception about the inclusion of the religious and spiritual aspects in the care dedicated to this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa acerca de las actitudes de estudiantes de Enfermería ante el usuario de sustancias psicoactivas (excluyéndose el alcohol y el tabaco) y las percepciones acerca del cuidado religioso y espiritual ofrecido en los servicios sanitarios. Método: estudio cuasi-experimental. Se aplicó un cuestionario antes y un mes después de la realización de una intervención acerca del cuidado integral con el adicto a sustancias, conteniendo: informaciones sociodemográficas, conocimientos, Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale y el Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. Para los análisis, se utilizó la prueba de t de Student pareada y el coeficiente de Pearson. Resultados: Participaron 62 estudiantes. Después de la aplicación de la intervención hubo mejora de las actitudes de los estudiantes ante el adicto a sustancias, pero no con relación a la percepción que ya tenían sobre la importancia de la oferta de cuidado religioso y espiritual en los servicios. Conclusión: Se verificó la efectividad de la intervención educativa en la mejora de las actitudes con relación al cuidado del adicto a sustancias, pero se llama la atención al hecho de que los estudiantes no presentaron cambios en su percepción sobre la inclusión de los aspectos religiosos y espirituales en el cuidado dedicado a dicha población.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa sobre as atitudes de estudantes de Enfermagem frente ao usuário de substâncias psicoativas (excluindo-se álcool e tabaco) e as percepções sobre o cuidado religioso e espiritual oferecido nos serviços de saúde. Método: estudo quase-experimental. Aplicou-se um questionário antes e 1 mês após a realização de uma intervenção sobre cuidado integral ao usuário de substâncias, contendo: informações sociodemográficas, conhecimentos, Treatment Spirituality/Religiosity Scale e o Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. Para as análises, utilizou-se do teste t de Student pareado e o coeficiente de Pearson. Resultados: Participaram 62 estudantes. Depois da aplicação da intervenção houve melhora das atitudes dos estudantes diante do usuário de substâncias, mas não em relação à percepção que já tinham sobre a importância da oferta de cuidado religioso e espiritual nos serviços. Conclusão: Verificou-se efetividade da intervenção educativa na melhora das atitudes em relação ao cuidado do usuário de substâncias, mas se alerta ao fato de que os estudantes não apresentaram mudanças em sua percepção sobre a inclusão dos aspectos religiosos e espirituais no cuidado dedicado a essa população.

Educação em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiatria no curso de licenciatura em enfermagem / Education in mental health and psychiatric nursing at the undergraduate nursing course / Educación en enfermería salud mental y psiquiatría en la licenciatura en enfermería

Incluir conhecimentos de saúde mental no cuidado integral ao ser humano e conseguir identificar quando a pessoa-alvo dos seus cuidados necessita de apoio de Enfermagem especializada em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria são competências essenciais de qualquer enfermeiro de cuidados gerais, sendo importante perceber como integrar esse conhecimento nos planos de estudo dos enfermeiros de cuidados gerais. Este artigo tem como objetivos descrever a concepção e o planejamento da aprendizagem da Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria dos estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, em Coimbra, Portugal, caracterizar as unidades curriculares de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria que integram o plano de estudos e analisar os seus contributos para a formação de competências dos enfermeiros de cuidados gerais.

Generalist nurses should be able to apply mental health knowledge to the comprehensive care of the human being and to understand when patients need specialized support from mental health and psychiatric nurses. Therefore, it is important to understand how this knowledge can be integrated into the curricula of generalist nurses. This article aims to describe the process of designing and planning how BSN students learn about Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing in Coimbra, Portugal, to characterize the course units on mental health and psychiatric nursing in this BSN curriculum, and to analyze their contribution to the acquisition of generalist nurses’ skills.

Incluir el conocimiento de la salud mental en la atención integral de los seres humanos y ser capaz de identificar cuando la persona cuidada necesita apoyo de enfermería especializada en salud mental y psiquiatría son habilidades esenciales para cualquier enfermera general, así es importante entender cómo integrar este conocimiento en los planes de estudio de las enfermeras de cuidados generales. Este artículo objetiva describir el diseño y planificación del aprendizaje de Enfermería de Salud Mental y Psiquiatría de los estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería de Coimbra, Portugal, caracterizar las disciplinas de enfermería en salud mental y psiquiatría que incluye el plan de estudio y analizar su contribución a la formación de las habilidades de las enfermeras de cuidados generales.

Vítimas de causas externas alcoolizadas atendidas em serviço de urgência e emergência: estudo seccional / Victims of alcohol-related external causes treated in urgency and emergency medical services: a cross-sectional study

Estudo seccional que objetivou caracterizar o atendimento e o perfil de vítimas de causas externas alcoolizadas no principal serviço de urgência e emergência de São Tomé e Príncipe. Para tanto, todas as 672 vítimas atendidas entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 que estavam sob efeito do álcool tiveram seus prontuários avaliados. A maioria delas era jovem (56,8%), do sexo masculino (76,5%), cujos atendimentos foram realizados majoritariamente no período noturno (38,8%) dos finais de semana (75,1%) e resultaram em alta hospitalar (62,9%). Quanto ao tipo de causa externa, as agressões foram aquelas que demandaram mais atendimentos (40,0%), seguidas pelos acidentes de trabalho ou de trajeto (30,5%) e dos acidentes de trânsito (29,1%). Os resultados deste estudo pioneiro em São Tomé e Príncipe apontam as causas externas, especialmente as agressões, como um grave problema de saúde pública no país que demanda muitos atendimentos hospitalares.

This is a cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the care and profile of victims of alcohol-related external causes in the main urgency and emergency service in São Tomé and Príncipe. All 672 victims seen between April 2014 and April 2015 who were under the influence of alcohol had their medical records assessed. Most of them were young (56.8%), male (76.5%), had care provided mostly at night (38.8%) on weekends (75.1%), and received hospital discharge (62.9%). Regarding the type of external cause, aggressions were the main cause of medical services (40.0%), followed by workplace or commuting (30.5%) and traffic accidents (29.1%). The results of this pioneering study in São Tomé and Príncipe show the external causes, aggressions in particular, as a serious public health problem in the country that demands many hospital services.

Profile of consumption of psychoactive substances and its relationship to sociodemographic characteristics: a contribution to a brief intervention in primary health care, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Perfil del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con las características sociodemográficas: una contribución para intervención breve en la atención primaria a la salud, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Perfil do consumo de substâncias psicoativas e sua relação com as características sociodemográficas: uma contribuição para intervenção breve na atenção primária à saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of consumption of psychoactive substances in the past three months and their association with sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted with users of the Family Health Strategy in the perspective of the brief intervention, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample included 1,489 users of the service interviewed throughout a year. The consumption of substances was assessed through the questionnaire Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Statistical analysis was developed using the software SPSS. The highest prevalence rates in the past three months were found in the male subsample for use of tobacco (56.4%), alcoholic drinks (75.8%), cannabis (16.9%), and cocaine/crack (10.1%). Religion and educational level appear as an important protective factor against the use of drugs. A prevalence of consumption of psychoactive substances among the users of this area within the scope of work of nurses was evidenced.

RESUMEN Se objetivó analizar el perfil de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los últimos tres meses y su asociación con las variables sociodemográficas. Se trata de un estudio transversal de los pacientes incluidos en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en la perspectiva de la Intervención Breve. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brazil. La muestra estuvo constituida de 1498 usuarios del Servicio, entrevistados por el periodo de un año. El consumo de sustancias se evaluó mediante un cuestionario Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. Las prevalencias en los últimos tres meses fue detectada en la submuestra masculina para el uso de tabaco (56,4%), bebidas alcohólicas (75,8%), cannabis (16,9%) y cocaína/crack (10,1%). La religión y la escolaridad emergen como importante factor para el uso de drogas. Se evidenció una prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, de la clientela atendida en esta área en el ámbito de la práctica del enfermero.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar o perfil de consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos últimos três meses e sua associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com clientes atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família, na perspectiva da Intervenção Breve. O estudo aconteceu na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A amostra incluiu 1489 usuários do serviço, entrevistados ao longo de um ano. O consumo das substâncias foi avaliado pelo questionário Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. A análise estatística foi elaborada no software SPSS. As maiores prevalências nos últimos três meses foram detectadas na subamostra masculina para o uso do tabaco (56,4%), bebidas alcoólicas (75,8%), cannabis (16,9%) e cocaína/crack (10,1%). A religião e a escolaridade emergem como importante fator protetor para o uso das drogas. Evidenciou-se uma prevalência do consumo de substâncias psicoativas dentre os clientes atendidos nessa área, no âmbito da prática do enfermeiro.

Programa de prevenção do uso/abuso de álcool para adolescentes em contexto escolar: parar para pensar / Programa de prevencion del uso/abuso de alcohol en escolares adolescentes: Parar Para Pensar / Prevention program of use/abuse of alcohol in school-aged adolescents: stop to think

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do programa Parar Para Pensar na prevenção do uso/abuso de bebidas alcoólicas de adolescentes em contexto escolar. MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo quasi-experimental, com pré e pós-teste, com 178 participantes, estudantes no 7º ano escolar; o grupo experimental (n = 70) foi sujeito à intervenção durante um ano, e o grupo de controle (n = 108) não sofreu intervenção. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Conhecimentos Acerca do Álcool; Questionário de caracterização dos consumos; Escala de Expectativas Acerca do álcool e Escala de Aptidões Sociais. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que os adolescentes submetidos ao programa apresentaram evolução positiva nas seguintes variáveis: frequência do consumo e ocorrência de episódios de embriaguez; e, ainda, melhorou os conhecimentos, as expectativas acerca do álcool e a percepção do consumo pelos pares (p < 05). CONCLUSÃO: O programa foi eficaz na estabilização do consumo, no aumento dos conhecimentos, na estabilização das expectativas positivas e na percepção do consumo pelos pares. Sugerem-se novos estudos e manutenção de follow-up para consolidar os resultados encontrados. .

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el resultado del programa en la prevención del uso/abuso de bebidas alcohólicas en los adolescentes dentro de un contexto escolar. MÉTODOS: Estudio seme-experimental que ha contado con un pretest y un postest, 178 participantes, grupo experimental (n = 70) sujeto a la intervención y un grupo de control (n = 108) que no estuvo sujeto a ninguna intervención. Se utilizó un cuestionario de Conocimientos, Escala de Expectativas Acerca del alcohol y Escala de Aptitudes Sociales. RESULTADOS: Grupo experimental muestra una evolución positiva de los conocimientos, de las expectativas acerca del alcohol, de la percepción del consumo en las parejas y del consumo declarado (p < .05). CONCLUSIÓN: El programa resultó eficaz en la estabilización del consumo de alcohol, en el aumento de los conocimientos, en la estabilización de las expectativas positivas y en la percepción del consumo en las parejas. Para finalizar, se propone realizar nuevos estudios y continua con el seguimiento para consolidar los resultados encontrados. .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact to the intervention program Stop to Think on the prevention of alcohol use/abuse among school-aged adolescents. METHODS: It is a quasi-experimental study, with pre- and post-test, 178 participants, 7th grade, experimental group (n = 70) subject to intervention and control group (n = 108) without intervention. The Alcohol knowledge Questionnaire, Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire, Social Skills Rating System were used. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a positive evolution of knowledge and expectations about alcohol, perception of peer alcohol use and reported consumption (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The program proved to be effective in stabilizing alcohol consumption, increasing knowledge, stabilizing the positive expectations, and in the perception of peer alcohol use. Further research should be developed and follow-up should continue to consolidate these findings. .

Literacia em saude mental de adolescentes e jovens portugueses sobre abuso de alcool / Instruccion en salud mental de adolescentes y jovenes portugueses sobre el abuso del alcohol / Mental health literacy of portuguese adolescents and youth about alcohol abuse

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a literacia em saúde mental de adolescentes e jovens relativamente ao consumo abusivo de álcool, nas diversas componentes do conceito de literacia. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, em que foi aplicado o QuALiSMental a uma amostra representativa de 4.938 adolescentes e jovens, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 24 anos, que frequentam escolas do 3º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário da região centro de Portugal. RESULTADOS: O reconhecimento da vinheta do consumo abusivo de álcool pelos participantes é elevado (72,4%), ainda que seja também identificado como alcoolismo (70,3%), o que no entanto indica a percepção do problema como grave. Os participantes apresentam níveis modestos de literacia nas restantes componentes, preferindo as fontes informais de ajuda. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que há necessidade de implementação de programas nas escolas que promovam a literacia em saúde mental, para adoção de comportamentos saudáveis nos jovens, que os transferem para a idade adulta. .

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la instrucción en salud mental de adolescente y jóvenes con respecto al abuso del alcohol, en los diversos componentes del concepto de instrucción. MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con aplicación del instrumento QuALiSMental a partir de la muestra representativa de 4938 adolescentes y jóvenes adultos, con edades entre 14 y 24 años, que frecuentan escuelas del tercer ciclo de enseñanza básica y de educación secundaria en la región central de Portugal. RESULTADOS: El reconocimiento de la viñeta del abuso de alcohol por los participantes es alto (72,4%), aunque se identifica también como alcoholismo (70,3%), que sin embargo, indica la percepción del problema como siendo grave. Los participantes tienen modestos niveles de instrucción en los componentes restantes, prefiriendo las fuentes informales de ayuda. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye, así, que la necesidad de implementar en las escuelas programas que promueven la instrucción en salud mental para la adopción de conductas saludables en los jóvenes, que los transfieren hacia la edad adulta. .

Characterize the mental health literacy of adolescents and young people about alcohol abuse, in the various components of the concept. Exploratory descriptive study, through the application of the instrument QuALiSMental to a representative sample of 4938 adolescents and young adults aged between 14 and 24 years, attending schools in the 3rd cycle of basic and secondary education of the central region of Portugal. The recognition of the vignette of alcohol abuse by the participants is high (72.4%), although it is also identified as alcoholism (70.3%), which indicates the perception of the problem as serious. Participants have modest levels of literacy in the remaining components, preferring informal sources of help. Therefore, we conclude that there is a need to implement school programs that promote mental health literacy, to promote the adoption of healthy behaviors in young people, which transfer them into adulthood.

Analysis of the alcohol consumption phenomenon among adolescents: study carried out with adolescents in intermediate public education.

This study aimed to evaluate the alcohol consumption phenomenon in public schools in Coimbra, Portugal (7th, 8th and 9th grades) for the implementation of a preventive program of alcohol use/abuse. This is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The sample included 654 students (51.5% female) between 12 and 18 years of age. The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire--Adolescent form (AEQ-A) and the Questionnaire of Knowledge on Alcohol were used for data collection. Results show that positive expectancy on alcohol is discriminative of consumption and occurrence of intoxication. Positive expectancy exists even before adolescents have significant experiences with alcohol consumption and increases with age, which reinforces the need for early preventive effort. These results permitted to improve the prevention program included in the school curriculum of the 7th grade students.

Analysis of the alcohol consumption phenomenon among adolescents: study carried out with adolescents in intermediate public education / Análisis del fenómeno del consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes: estudio realizado con adolescentes del 3º ciclo de escuelas públicas / Análise do fenômeno do consumo de álcool em adolescentes: estudo realizado com adolescentes do 3º ciclo de escolas públicas

This study aimed to evaluate the alcohol consumption phenomenon in public schools in Coimbra, Portugal (7th, 8th and 9th grades) for the implementation of a preventive program of alcohol use/abuse. This is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The sample included 654 students (51.5 percent female) between 12 and 18 years of age. The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire - Adolescent form (AEQ-A) and the Questionnaire of Knowledge on Alcohol were used for data collection. Results show that positive expectancy on alcohol is discriminative of consumption and occurrence of intoxication. Positive expectancy exists even before adolescents have significant experiences with alcohol consumption and increases with age, which reinforces the need for early preventive effort. These results permitted to improve the prevention program included in the school curriculum of the 7th grade students.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el fenómeno del consumo de alcohol en las escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Coimbra (7º,8º y 9º) para implementar, en la práctica, un programa de prevención del uso/abuso del consumo alcohólico excesivo. Es un estudio del tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de correlación. La muestra incluyó 654 estudiantes (51.5 por ciento del sexo femenino), con edades entre 12 y 18 años. El Cuestionario de Expectativas referentes al Alcohol de estudiantes - Formato Adolescentes (CEA-A) y el cuestionario del conocimiento referente al alcohol fueron utilizados para obtener los datos. Los resultados demostraron que las expectativas positivas referentes al alcohol hacen una diferencia entre el consumo de alcohol y la ocurrencia de la embriaguez; inclusive, esta discriminación existe entre los adolescentes antes de tener experiencias significativas con el consumo de alcohol y aumentan con la edad. Reforzando la necesidad de desarrollar precozmente esfuerzos preventivos. Estos resultados permitieron el perfeccionamiento del programa de prevención que fue integrado al plan de estudios de la escuela de los estudiantes del 7º año.

Este estudo teve como objectivo a avaliação do fenómeno do consumo de álcool em escolas públicas da cidade de Coimbra (7º, 8º e 9º) para a implementação de um programa de prevenção de uso/abuso de álcool. É um estudo do tipo quantitativo descritivo-correlacional. A amostra incluiu 654 estudantes (51,5 por cento do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre 12 e 18 anos. Utilizou-se para a colheita de dados o Questionário de Expectativas acerca do Álcool - Formato Adolescentes (AEQ-A) e o Questionário de Conhecimentos acerca do Álcool. Os resultados mostraram que as expectativas positivas acerca do álcool são discriminativas do consumo e da ocorrência de embriaguez. Essas existem nos adolescentes mesmo antes de experiências significativas com o consumo de álcool, e aumentam com a idade. Reforçando a necessidade de os esforços preventivos terem que ser desenvolvidos precocemente. Esses resultados permitiram o refinamento do programa de prevenção que foi integrado ao curriculum escolar dos estudantes do 7º ano.