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Rev Neurol ; 64(9): 393-400, 2017 May 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28444681

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene syndrome that gives rise to multiple congenital anomalies, caused by the loss of a distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). It is characterised by its own peculiar facial phenotype, associated to growth problems, psychomotor retardation and epilepsy. AIMS: To establish a register of patients with WHS in Spain, describe their characteristics, determine the prevalence of epilepsy, estimate the degree of psychomotor retardation and perform a review of the literature in order to compare these data with those published to date. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In collaboration with the Spanish Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Association, we contacted the families affected and collected data via forms endorsed by medical reports. RESULTS: The characteristics of 51 patients are described. Psychomotor retardation was considered the most severe in 37% of cases. Of the total sample, 88% presented epilepsy, and nearly all of them showed growth problems. The mean size of the deletion was 8.4 Mb, and the phenotype is displayed in photographs. Other clinical features reported were sensory alterations and nephrourological and cardiological pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports on the second largest cohort of patients with WHS with a genetic characterisation published to date. Many of the characteristics coincide with those described previously, with several exceptions, such as the degree of psychomotor retardation, which appears to be lower in the sample studied here.


TITLE: Sindrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn. Descripcion de una cohorte española de 51 casos y revision de la bibliografia.Introduccion. El sindrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn (SWH) es un sindrome de genes contiguos que provoca multiples anomalias congenitas, causado por la perdida de una porcion distal del brazo corto del cromosoma 4 (4p16.3). Se caracteriza por un fenotipo facial peculiar propio, asociado a problemas de crecimiento, retraso psicomotor y epilepsia. Objetivos. Realizar un registro de pacientes con SWH en España, describir sus caracteristicas, conocer la prevalencia de epilepsia, estimar el grado de retraso psicomotor y realizar una revision de la bibliografia para comparar estos datos con lo publicado hasta la fecha. Pacientes y metodos. En colaboracion con la Asociacion Española de Sindrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn se contacto con las familias afectadas y se realizo una recogida de datos mediante formularios corroborados por informes medicos. Resultados. Se describen las caracteristicas de 51 pacientes. El retraso psicomotor fue considerado grave en el 37% de los casos. El 88% presentaba epilepsia, y la practica totalidad, problemas de crecimiento. El tamaño medio de la delecion fue de 8,4 Mb y el fenotipo se expone en fotografias. Otra clinica descrita fueron alteraciones sensoriales y patologia nefrourologica y cardiologica. Conclusiones. Se describe la segunda cohorte en tamaño de pacientes con SWH publicada hasta la fecha con caracterizacion genetica. Muchas de las caracteristicas coinciden con lo ya descrito, salvo algunas, como el grado de retraso psicomotor, que parece ser menor en la muestra estudiada.


Subject(s)
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adolescent , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Epilepsy/genetics , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/genetics , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Male , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Phenotype , Registries , Spain/epidemiology , Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome/genetics
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