ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The positive cell response to the implant material is reflected by the capacity of cells to divide, which leads to the tissue regeneration and osseointegration. Technically pure titanium and its alloys are mostly used for implant manufacturing. These alloys have the adequate mechanical, physical and biological properties; nevertheless, the superior biocompatibility of bioceramics has been proven. With the arrival of new coating techniques, surface modification of materials used for implants has become a widely investigated issue. METHODS: The paper studied properties of titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) coatings deposited by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition). Coatings were applied to substrates of pure titanium, Ti6Al4V, Ti35Nb6Ta titanium alloys and CoCrMo dental alloy. Different treatments of substrate surfaces were used: polishing, etching and grit blasting. Cytocompatibility tests assessed the cell colonization and their adherence to substrates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results showed that TiN layers deposited by PVD are suitable for coating all substrates studied. The polished samples and those with TiN coating exhibited a higher cell colonization. This coating technique meets the requirements for the biocompatibility of the implanted materials; furthermore, their colour range solves the issue of red aesthetics in oral implantology as the colour of these coatings prevents titanium from showing through the gingiva. This is one the most important criteria for the aesthetic success of implant therapy (Tab. 5, Ref. 18).
Subject(s)
Alloys/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Materials Testing , Titanium/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistry , Boron Compounds/chemistry , Gingiva , Humans , Osseointegration , Prostheses and Implants , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Titanium and titanium alloys represent generally accepted metallic biomaterials for clinical dentistry and dental implantology. In this paper, we present a Ti-35.5Nb-5.7Ta alloy with a special respect to its microstructure and mechanical characteristics, such as Young modulus of elasticity. METHODS: Three thermal treatments differing in temperature and time of annealing were used during the Ti-35.5Nb-5.7Ta processing in order to evaluate the effects of ageing, melting annealing, and annealing on mechanical characteristics and microstructure. RESULTS: Using microscopy, the alloy was analyzed and the differences in shares of beta phase grains, alpha particles and precipitates evaluated. The three thermal treatments were evaluated also from technological point of view. CONCLUSION: The following thermal treatment was found optimal for the Ti-35.5Nb-5.7Ta alloy: melting annealing at 800 °C for 0.5 hour followed by a cold swaging with a 52-79 % deformation, and final hardening at 500 °C for 2 hours in water(Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 24).
Subject(s)
Alloys/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Titanium/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/analysis , Biomedical Technology/methods , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Surface Properties , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
A sputtering technique followed by a low temperature hydrothermal treatment has been demonstrated to produce a dense-and-bioactive hydroxyapatite thin film coating. The purpose of the present study was to investigate osteoblast and osteoclast responses to the hydroxyapatite coated plates and titanium plates with similar roughness. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on these plates to induce osteoblasts. The cells showed a significantly enhanced proliferation on the hydroxyapatite surface, accompanied by increase of osteoblastic phenotypes. The co-cultured osteoclasts exhibited the significantly different cell number and morphology between the hydroxyapatite and the titanium surfaces. A series of osteoclast marker genes were more stimulated on the hydroxyapatite and thirty two percent of the hydroxyapatite surface area could be resorbed by osteoclasts. The thin film sputtered hydroxyapatite could provide a favorable surface for both osteoblast and osteoclast formation and their function, indicating its good osteoconductivity and biodegradability.
Subject(s)
Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Durapatite/pharmacology , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/physiology , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Durapatite/chemistry , Electroplating/methods , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Osteoblasts/physiology , Osteoclasts/physiology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Surface Properties , Up-Regulation/drug effectsABSTRACT
This paper presents an analysis of a 5-year clinical experience with two-stage cylindrical endosseous implants (CEI). A total of 157 implants placed in 93 patients was assessed. Clinical success was analyzed in regard to the following: sex and age distribution of patients, lower or upper jaw into which the implants were placed, prosthetic restorations with CEI or combined with implants of other types or with natural teeth. Certain groups showed a success rate from 88.9% to 100%. CEI proved to be equally good as other domestic and foreign renowned dental implants. This study is a result of a final grant-project IGA MZ CR no. 3014-3.
