ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was the presentation of changes in thickness of each layer of a developing cornea, that came into being under an influence of caffeine which was administered to chicken embryos. Research materials were 26 chicken embryos from breeding eggs that had been incubated. Breeding eggs were divided into two groups: control (n=30) in which Ringer liquid was given, and experimental (n=30) in which teratogenic dose of caffeine was administrated - 3.5 mg/egg. In 36th hour of incubation solutions were given with cannula through a hole in an egg shell directly onto amniotic membrane. After closing the hole with paraffin, eggs were put back into incubator. On 10th and 19th day of incubation corneas were taken for morphometric and morphological analysis. In experimental groups reduction of corneal thickness, thickening of corneal epithelium and corneal endothelium as well as Bowman's and Descemet's membranes, decrease of thickness of corneal stroma in comparison with the control group have been observed. Caffeine causes thickness changes of all layers and decreases the total thickness of a developing cornea.
Subject(s)
Caffeine/pharmacology , Cornea , Animals , Chick Embryo , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/embryology , Female , Humans , Infant , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , PregnancyABSTRACT
In Poland, medical embryology (both scientific research and teaching of the subject) has traditionally involved Chairs of Histology and Embryology rather than Obstetrics and Gynecology. Before World War II, the most buoyant centers for embryological research among the five universities at the time (in Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lvov and Vilnius), were the Chairs of Embryology and Histology at Medical Faculties of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and the University of Vilnius. After World War II, eleven Medical Academies (Universities of Medicine) came into being (Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lodz, Gdansk, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Katowice and Lublin). They conduct scientific research on normal development of the human embryo as well as teratology studies. In the XX century, eminent medicine-related embryologist included professors Emil Godlewski Jr., Stanislaw Hiller and Stefan Baginski.
Subject(s)
Developmental Biology/history , Embryology/history , Faculty, Medical , Schools, Medical , Embryology/trends , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , PolandABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: It has been clearly established that Helicobacter pyloni (H. pylori) play an important role in the pathogenesis of some chronic diseases of upper gastrointestinal tract. A lot of attention to the complicated immunological processes induced by the infection was paid. The clinical outcome of the damage of gastric mucosa by H. pylori depends on the type and the intensification of these processes. During many years the acquired (specific) immunological response on the infection was analyzed by scientists, but much more researches on innate defense was done lately The mast cells constitute some important parts of the immunological innate defense. H. pylori colonization of gastric mucosal surface elicits a conspicuous infiltration comprising of lymphocytes, and plasma cells as well as neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and the granule cells of connective fissue. Some difficulties with the mastocytes visualization in conventional histological slides in light microscope caused so far the little attention of their participation in chronic gastritis. The aim of the study was the assessment of the mastocytes participation in the infiltration of immunological cells induced by H. pylonri in chronic gastritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects were twenty dyspeptic children aged 9-17 years underwent upper GI endoscopy procedure. Twelve children were H. pylori positive. Remaining eight children H. pylori negative composed a control group. Gastric antrum and corpus tissue specimens in the conventional (light) and electron microscopy were examined. The specimens intended for electron microscope assessment were fixed in the solution of 1% glutaraldehyde and 2.5% paraformaldehyde at 40 C (pH 7.4) for 24 hours, and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide at the same conditions. Ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Results. Ultrastructural analysis revealed two distinct, morphological forms of mast cells in gastric mucosa. All mast cells contained multiple granules with fine-grained material but their appearance was distinct in both types of these cells. Statistical analysis revealed that the count of mast cells in gastric mucosa was increased in H. pylori positive when compared with H. pylori negative children. It was also affirmed that in specimens from H. pylori infected children mast cells more frequently were seen in the gastric epithelium.
