Subject(s)
Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningeal Arteries/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/pathologyABSTRACT
Antioxidant profiles in Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 15), dementias of Alzheimer's type (DAT; 18) and Vascular (VD; 15), and control subjects (C; 14) were studied. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione system (GLU) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in erythrocytes; antioxidant capacity (TRAP) in plasma. Biochemical variables were analyzed simultaneously using multi-variate and non-parametric methods. Clinical diagnostic resulted associated with the main source of variability in antioxidant variables (Kruskal-Wallis: H = 32.58, p = 0.000001). Comparison of PD and C resulted highly significant (z = 4.47, p = 0.000047), demonstrating an association between oxidative stress and PD. SOD and TBARS were significantly higher in pathological groups against C (p = 0.0000001, p = 0.051); TRAP resulted lower (p = 0.00015). Discriminant functions constructed using biochemical variables separated pathological groups (93% success) from C, and DAT (88.9%) from VD (73.3%); but not PD from DAT or VD. Antioxidant profiles of PD patients showed characteristics overlapping with DAT (60%) and with VD (40%), suggesting biochemical similarities between them.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Dementia, Vascular/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analysis of Variance , Discriminant Analysis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
As oxidative stress in relation with neurological diseases has become an important point in recent research, simple methods to be used in epidemiological studies and clinical practice are required. The hypothesis that the analytical methods used in research laboratories (RLM) can be used interchangeably with commercial kits (CKM) for SOD and TRAP is tested. Both methods were compared using linear transformations of the RLM measurements into the CKM scales. Data were obtained from Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and vascular dementia patients and controls. The lack of fit and the run's test of residuals were not significant, but the same sign method detected significant nonlinearities (P<0.000001 for SOD, P<0.01 for TRAP). The intragroup CVs of both methods were comparable for TRAP, while in the RLM determinations of SOD resulted in <50% of those obtained with the CKM. The ANCOVA comparison of the regression parameters across the clinical groups resulted significant for SOD (P<0.0001) and not significant for TRAP. Both methods agree in describing the features of the clinical groups, but the degree of agreement at the individual concentration was poor and they could not be readily intercalibrated. Normal and pathological values should be obtained independently for the CKM to insure their applicability to large populations.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/blood , Antioxidants/metabolism , Dementia, Vascular/blood , Parkinson Disease/blood , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Alzheimer Disease/enzymology , Case-Control Studies , Dementia, Vascular/enzymology , Humans , Parkinson Disease/enzymologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Pyramidal gait impairment (GI) is a classical trait of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). To developed a method to quantify prospectively and transversely GI and disequilibrium, to be applied in the screening of pyramidal and non-pyramidal syndromes associated to different ethiological subtypes of CVD; using an Index of Gait and Equilibrium (IGE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In constructing IGE, we used 14 equally weighted semiological variables: 6 measure balance, 6 gait, 1 sensitive abnormalities and 1 falls. Two neurologists separately examined each subject in the same day and repeating the evaluation after a week. Data analyses included Kruskal Wallis, chi 2, Spearman correlations and Principal Components. RESULTS: IGE was used in 90 subjects, 43 males, with a mean age of 70.6 years. 3 groups of people were formed: 1. CVD (A, 21 with silent vascular lesions diagnosed by imaging; B, 17 with vascular dementia; C, 21 with stroke); 2. 13 subjects with cautious gait, not associated to any disease; and 3. 18 normal control subjects (age 60-80 years). GI in the non-pyramidal syndrome were significantly related with small vessels disease (chi 2 = 16.37, dof = 1, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GI in CVD, pyramidal and non-pyramidal syndromes were equally frequent. Increased values of IGE caused by cautious gait in youngest non-stroke patients suggested high probability of silent CVD and significant association with small vessels disease. This preliminary assessment of IGE showed a reproducible and reliable tool for objectification and quantification of gait disorders.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Infarction/complications , Gait , Movement Disorders/etiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain/blood supply , Brain/pathology , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Movement Disorders/diagnosis , Neurologic Examination , Postural Balance , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos. Las alteraciones de la marcha (AM) de tipo piramidal son clásicamente conocidas en la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV). Nuestro objetivo ha sido desarrollar un análisis de las AM piramidales y no piramidales, prospectivo y transversal, cualitativo y cuantitativo, vinculado con los diferentes subtipos de la ECV, utilizando una escala de marcha y equilibrio (EME).Pacientes y métodos. Para conformar la EME se utilizaron 14 variables semiológicas, 6 de postura y equilibrio, 6 de marcha, 1 de trastornos sensitivos y 1 de caídas. Dos neurólogos examinaron separadamente a cada persona, y repitieron las determinaciones a la semana siguiente. Los datos fueron evaluados con el test de Kruskal Wallis, coeficiente de Spearman, test de la ji al cuadrado y componentes principales. Resultados. Noventa sujetos, con una edad media de 70,6 años, conformaron tres grupos: 1. ECV: 21 con lesiones vasculares silentes en neuroimagen, 17 con demencia vascular probable y 21 con ataque clínico vascular cerebral agudo; 2. Trece con marcha cautelosa sin enfermedad evidente; 3. Dieciocho controles normales de 60 a 80 años. Las AM con síndrome no piramidal se relacionaron significativamente con la enfermedad de las pequeñas arterias ( c2= 16,37, gdl= 1, p< 0,0001). Conclusiones. En la ECV, las AM no piramidales fueron tan frecuentes como las piramidales. Un valor aumentado de EME provocado por una marcha cautelosa, en pacientes más jóvenes, sugirió una alta probabilidad de ECV silente y una significativa asociación con las lesiones de pequeña arteria. Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que la EME es un instrumento útil para objetivar y cuantificar las AM (AU)
