[Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in the context of evidence-based medicine].

The paper considers the mechanisms of development of contrast-induced nephropathy in the use of iodinated radiopaque contrast agents (RCAs), as well as the criteria of their assessment. It gives different existing recommendations for prevention of the nephrotoxic effects of RCAs.

[Analysis of the antigeno-immunologic activity of heated leptospirosis vaccine in vaccinees and in an experimental study]. / Analiz antigenno-immunologicheskoi aktivnosti gretoi leptospiroznoi vaktsiny u privitykh i v éksperimente.

The comparative analysis of the immunological effectiveness of heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine has shown the low immunological effectiveness of the whole preparation (17.8%) and its components with the exception of the antigen of the Grippotyphosa serogroup. Antibodies could be detected in the vaccinees for not more than 10 months, and they showed the properties of 19S-macroglobulin antibodies. In experiments on rabbits newly isolated Leptospira strains from human patients and wild rodents, homologous to the vaccinal strains, were found to considerably surpass the latter in their immunogenic properties; this was particularly manifest in strain "Tundra vole No. 180". The use of newly isolated Leptospira strains as vaccinal antigens is recommended. A modified heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine should have less antigens, and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the remaining antigens must be equivalent to those of the vaccinal antigen of Leptospira belonging to the Grippotyphosa serogroup.

[1st isolation of serovar Sorex--Jalna leptospirae from humans]. / O pervom vydelenii ot cheloveka leptospir serovara Sorex--Jalna.

Leptospira strain "Patient No. 84", identical to the international standard of sorexjalna serovar, of Javanica serogroup was for the first time isolated on the 5th day of the disease from a patient suffering from leptospirosis in seeding his blood in Vervoort-Wolf's fluid medium. Antibodies heterologous against the strain isolated were also determined in the patient's blood on the 5th day. Their titre was 1 : 200(++), and they proved to react with leptospira of Cynopteri and Pomons serogroup.

[Formation of group and intergroup antibodies in humans with leptospirosis infections]. / Obrazovanie gruppovykh i mezhgruppovykh antitel pri leptospiroznoi infektsii u cheloveka.

The authors studied regularities attending the biosynthesis of group (homologous) and intergroup (heterologous) antibodies in man during the whole cycle of leptospirosis infection, and for three months after it. Leptospira of the serological groups Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hebdomadis, the most prominent in the morbidity structure at present, served as etiological causative agents of the disease. Biosynthesis of both homologous and heterologous antibodies had its specific features for each serological group of the disease, and was characterized by the quadripol dynamics of 19S-macro and 7S-microglobulin antibodies production in leptospiroses of serological groups Pomona and Gryppotyphosa, whereas in leptospiroses of serological groups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Hebdomadis a graphically dipolic synthesis dynamics of 19S-macroglobulin antibodies alone was noted.

[Comparative study of the immunoglobulin content in persons from leptospirosis foci in different geographical zones of the RSFSR]. / Sranvitel'noe izuchenie soderzhaniia immunoglobulinov u liudei iz ochagov leptospiroza razlichnykh geograficheskikh zon RSFSR.

The authors carried out a comparative study of the content of serum immunoglobulins in persons from the leptospirosis foci of various geographical zones of the RSFSR: European part--the Centre (Moscow and Ryazan regions), the South (Checheno-Ingush ASSR and Krasnodar Territory), and Western Siberia (Altai territory), Leptospira of serological group Pomona, Grippotyphosa, and Hbedomadis served as the causative agents of the diseases. It appeared that the annual course of the climatic factors acted equally (inhibitory action) on the immuno-globulin metabolism in the residents of temperate and southern zones of the RSFSR at the warm period of the year (May-September), and in the Western Siberia- in winter. However, irrespective of the time of the year, the level of immunoglobulins G and A was greater in the residents of Western Siberia than in the native population of the European part. There proved to be no correlation between the levels of leptospirosis seropositivity in the foci of infection under study and the serum immunoglobulins in local residents of various geographical zones.

The dynamics of IgM- and IgG-antibodies in leptospiral infection in man.

The dynamics of specific agglutinating antibodies belonging to different classes of immunoglobulins in 1047 blood sera of 669 patients and persons who had recovered from leptospirosis was studied. 19S and 7S antibodies were found in sera of patients with simultaneous presence of Pomona and Grippotyphosa. The character of syntesis of specific leptospiral IgM and IgG antibodies correlated, but the concentration of the IgG was much lower. As a rule, IgM antibodies had a wide range of cross-reactions with leptospires of heterologous serogroups. However, IgG-antibodies in 85% of cases reacted with homologous leptospires only.

Formation of antibodies and immunoglobulins of various classes in persons vaccinated with warm antileptospirosis polyvalent vaccine.

The results of the observations of 2 groups of 372 persons during 10 months showed that a twofold inoculation of corpuscular heated 6-valent antileptospiral vaccine ensures the formation of 19S-antibodies. The ratio 19S/7S antibodies was determined by inactivation of IgM agglutinins with the help of 2-mercaptoethanol. Quantitative content of immunolglobulins (G, A and M) was determined in parallel with the reaction of agglutination by the method of simple radial diffusion. Immunoglobulins of the class M in the serum of vaccinated persons increased as compared with control, whereas the content of IgG did not rise and that of IgA decreased.