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The aims of this study were to investigate parents' COVID-19 fear and anxiety levels and determine the relationship between parents' COVID-19 fear and anxiety levels and their attitudes and behaviors toward having themselves and their children vaccinated. This descriptive and cross-sectional type of research was conducted with 950 parents with 12-18 years old children. Having a chronic disease, being vaccinated, intention to vaccinate their children, and the children's age and school year were found to increase parents' COVID-19 fear and anxiety (p < 0.005). A statistically significant correlation was found between the parents' perceived levels of COVID-19 fear and anxiety and their intentions to vaccinate their children (p < 0.005). According to the study's findings, the age of the child, the parents' vaccination, and the parents' intentions to vaccinate their children were predictors of COVID-19 fear and anxiety.
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BACKGROUND/AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a long period of stress for people worldwide and has significantly affected sleep duration. The pandemic revealed new stress factors that are likely to affect sleep. Uncertainty is a factor that leads to anxiety and depression, which affects sleep. It should also be noted that reductions in sleep quality rather than sleep duration are associated with negative consequences on mental health. This study aims to investigate online that how this situation affected university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research, with a descriptive study design, was conducted in Turkey between June 01, 2021 and July 30, 2021. The sample included 604 people who accepted voluntary participation, chosen by the random selection method. In the study, sociodemographic information form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), morningness-eveningness questionnaire scale (MEQ Scale), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were used as data collection tools. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the scales. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the role of morningness-eveningness, anxiety, depression, and insomnia severity on sleep quality. RESULTS: Sleep quality was negatively correlated with morningness-eveningness scores (r = -0.32, P < 0.01), and positively and significantly related with anxiety (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and insomnia severity (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). According to regression coefficients, while anxiety (ß = 0.041, P < 0.001) and insomnia severity scores (ß = 0.226, P < 0.001) positively predicted sleep quality, depression did not predict it significantly (ß = 0.009, P > 0.05). A significant difference was found in sleep quality according to morning, evening, and intermediate types (F = 27.401, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Events related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with reduced sleep quality in connection with increasing negative moods. Considering the importance of sleep for a healthy life, efforts should be made to raise awareness about this issue and to provide psychological help to affected individuals.
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OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to determine the opinions of health-care managers on theimplementation of decentralization in health-care services. METHODS: The research is a cross-sectional and descriptive study.Sample of the study included 261 health managers.Research data were collected from health-care managers between June 8 and July 17, 2020, using face-to-face interviews technic by a questionnaire, in an average of 20-25 minutes. The obtained data were transferred to the computer environment and analyzed with the number, percentage, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: About 52.5% of the health managers stated that health-care services should be provided by the public, 63.2% of them stated that health-care services should be a form of empowered decentralization, 41.8% of them stated that decentralization could be successful in Turkiye, 62.6% stated that decentralization would provide flexibility in health-care management, 70.3% of them said that it could find solutions to the problems, and 73.3% of them stated that it will improve employee performance whereas 44.9% of them stated that it would negatively affect providing services in integrity, 67.2% of them stated that it would cause regional inequalities, 73.2% of them said that local factors will intervene in health-care services, and 57.9% reported that it would weaken the central power. CONCLUSION: The majority of health-care managers prefer that health-care services are provided by the public health-care service and prefer the empowered decentralization of health-care services. More than half of the health-care managers expressed their positive views such as the fact that decentralization provides flexibility in health-care services, improve the performance, and participation in service along with the negative views such as the fact that decentralization negatively affects the service delivery, causes regional inequalities and intervention of local factors, and weakens the central power.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of three high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins applied as single layers of 4mm thickness and of one microhybrid composite resin applied incrementally with a thickness of 2mm on dentin surfaces prepared with different surface preparation methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 caries-free human molars whose dentines had been exposed were used. Three groups, each containing 44 teeth, were formed. The acid group was etched with 32% phosphoric acid; laser group was etched with Er, Cr; YSGG laser and the control group was prepared with silicon carbid paper. Following the application of bonding agent, composite resin materials were applied on teeth using teflon moulds of 4x4mm. The samples were then subjected to shear bond strength tests. Two-way variance analysis and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test were applied on collected data. Results: There was a significant difference between surface treatment methods used regarding shear bond strength (P0.05). Conclusions: Laser etching of the dentin tissues is not as effective as acid etching. Bulk-fill composites had similar effects compared with conventional composite resins with regard to bonding strength. More in vitro studies supported with clinical data are required to investigate the performance of bulk-fill composites and laser.
RESUMEN: Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la resistencia adhesiva al cizallamiento de tres resinas compuestas de relleno de alta viscosidad aplicadas como capas individuales de 4 mm de espesor y de una resina compuesta microhíbrida aplicada de forma incremental con un espesor de 2mm en superficies de dentina preparadas con diferentes métodos de preparación de la superficie. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron un total de 132 molares humanos sin caries cuyas dentinas habían sido expuestas. Se formaron tres grupos, cada uno con 44 dientes. El grupo ácido se grabó con ácido fosfórico al 32%; el grupo láser se grabó con Er, Cr; el láser YSGG y el grupo de control se preparó con papel de carburo de silicio. Después de la aplicación del agente adhesivo, se aplicaron materiales de resina compuesta en los dientes utilizando moldes de teflón de 4x4mm. A continuación, las muestras se sometieron a pruebas de resistencia adhesiva al cizallamiento. Se aplicó el análisis de varianza bidireccional y la prueba de comparación múltiple Tukey HSD a los datos recogidos. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los métodos de tratamiento de superficie utilizados en cuanto a la resistencia adhesiva al cizallamiento (P0,05). Conclusiones: El grabado láser de los tejidos de la dentina no es tan eficaz como el grabado al ácido. Las resinas de relleno bulk-fill tuvieron efectos similares en comparación con las resinas compuestas convencionales en lo que respecta a la rsistencia adhesiva. Se necesitan más estudios in vitro apoyados con datos clínicos para investigar el rendimiento de los composites de relleno y el láser.
