Subject(s)
Birnaviridae Infections/veterinary , Chickens , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Infectious bursal disease virus/immunology , Poultry Diseases/immunology , Age Factors , Animals , Birnaviridae Infections/complications , Birnaviridae Infections/immunology , Birnaviridae Infections/mortality , Bursa of Fabricius/microbiology , Bursa of Fabricius/pathology , Bursa of Fabricius/virology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli/classification , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli Infections/complications , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/mortality , Female , India/epidemiology , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Poultry Diseases/mortality , Poultry Diseases/virology , Serotyping/veterinaryABSTRACT
Gangrenous syndrome/Degnala disease was recorded in a large number of buffaloes and cattle in Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India. Fusarium spp. had been isolated from the mouldy paddy straw which were fed to the animals. There was a reduction in the incidence of the disease following withdrawal of the mouldy paddy straw. Histopathological examination showed necrosis and loss of architectural details in the skin.
Subject(s)
Buffaloes , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Gangrene/veterinary , Animal Feed/microbiology , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Ear/microbiology , Ear/pathology , Extremities/microbiology , Extremities/pathology , Female , Fusarium/isolation & purification , Gangrene/epidemiology , Gangrene/microbiology , Gangrene/pathology , Histocytochemistry , India/epidemiology , Male , Mycoses/epidemiology , Mycoses/microbiology , Mycoses/pathology , Mycoses/veterinary , Syndrome , Tail/microbiology , Tail/pathology , Tongue/microbiology , Tongue/pathologyABSTRACT
Effect of fenvalerate on cell architecture, tissue biochemical parameters and its residual concentration was studied in broiler chicks following dermal application at 0.1 and 1% in ethanol once daily for 31 days. It did neither produce loss of body weight nor clinical signs of toxicity. Kidney contained maximal residue followed by heart, fat, liver and brain after 0.1%; and fat contained maximal residue followed by kidney, heart, liver and brain after 1% application. Fenvalerate (0.1%) increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (except brain), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (AcP) (only brain) activities, glycogen level (only liver) in liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues; and 1% increased the AST (except brain), ALT, AcP (except liver and kidney), AP (only heart), glycogen (only liver) and decreased AP (except heart), AcP (only kidney), cholesterol (except liver and heart), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (liver and brain) of liver, kidney, heart and brain tissue homogenates respectively. Histopathological examination in general showed aggregation of mononuclear cells in liver, around the kidney tubules and cardiac muscle fibre. In addition, fibrosis in the periportal area of liver, proliferation of ureter and tubular degeneration, and congestion of endocardial vessels were also observed. The intensity of cellular changes was more marked after 1% dermal application.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Pyrethrins/toxicity , Skin/drug effects , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Chickens , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Insecticides/pharmacokinetics , Iodide Peroxidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitriles , Pyrethrins/pharmacokinetics , Skin/metabolism , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Subacute toxicity study of fenvalerate was carried out in broiler chicks after oral administration @ 525.6 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. The blood concentration of fenvalerate following 1 day post-administration (pd) was 39.65 +/- 2.67 micrograms/ml and maintained plateau thereafter up to day 21 pd, and then declined (18.46 +/- 1.47 micrograms/ml) on day 28 pd. Intestine contained maximum residue (7.46 +/- 1.96 micrograms/g) followed by fat (5.95 +/- 1.16 micrograms/g), brain (5.06 +/- 0.96 micrograms/g), liver (3.93 +/- 0.51 micrograms/g), kidney (3.79 +/- 0.72 micrograms/g) and heart (1.72 +/- 0.35 micrograms/g). Histopathological examinations showed focal areas of necrosis in liver, proliferation and fibrosis of bile duct, larger size of glomeruli, glomerular and tubular necrosis in treated birds. Fenvalerate significantly increased the cholesterol level in brain, GPT activity in liver and heart, GOT activity in heart, and alkaline phosphatase activity in heart and brain tissue. It significantly decreased the glycogen content in liver and heart, GOT activity in brain and acid phosphatase activity in all the tissues analyzed. It appears that comparatively fowl is resistant to fenvalerate toxicity.
