ABSTRACT
Background: Incidence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) related to cancer and myelomatreatments is undetermined, with scarce data varying from 2 to 7.8/million/year in limited investigated popula-tions. A 9-years [2009-2018] regional-wide survey was conducted, deploying the North-Western Italy Cancer Net-work (Rete Oncologica Piemonte e Valle dAosta), to assess number and main characteristics of MRONJ casesamong myeloma/cancer patients, within a population of 4.5 million inhabitants.Material and Methods: MRONJ cases were collected retrospectively from January 2009 to June 2015; from July2015 to December 2018, data were collected prospectively. Number of new MRONJ cases per year, underlyingdisorder, drug(s) administered, treatment duration, site and onset timing of MRONJ were detailed.Results: 459 MRONJ cases were identified. Primary diseases were breast cancer (46%), prostate cancer (21%),myeloma (19%), and other types of carcinoma (14%). Patients received antiresorptive treatment either alone (399;88.47%) or in combination with biological agents (52; 11.53%); 8 patients (1.7%) received only antiangiogenicdrugs. Zoledronic acid [388] and denosumab [59] were the most frequently administered drugs. Mandible was involved in 296 (64,5%) cases. Number of new MRONJ cases was stable from 2009 to 2015, with a mean of 51.3 casesper year (raw incidence: 11.6/million/year), declining in the 2016-2018 years to 33.3 cases per year (raw incidence:7.5/million/year).Conclusions: With such discrepancy of cases overtime being partially explicable, number of new MRONJ cases peryear are consistent with those observed in a previous study [2003-2008] in the same region, being instead higher thanthose reported in other populations.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw , Neoplasms , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Denosumab , Zoledronic Acid , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Italy , Oral Health , Oral Medicine , Pathology, Oral , Surgery, Oral , Incidence , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
In thermal light ghost imaging, the transparent mask, located in the object arm of the optical setup, is numerically reconstructed by correlating the speckle patterns acquired by the video camera with the output of a bucket detector placed behind the mask. We show that the visibility of images can be significantly improved by discarding every speckle pattern whose bucket output falls below a certain threshold. We also demonstrate that the efficiency of the conventional method strongly decreases when the speckle statistics deviate from the negative exponential, whereas the threshold method is more robust against changes in the statistical distribution of the speckle intensity. We also provide reasonable statistical explanations for these results.
ABSTRACT
Ghost imaging produced by pseudothermal light is commonly obtained by correlating the intensities of two separate beams, neither of which conveys information about the shape of the object to be imaged. The single-beam experiment discussed here, while not exploitable for the practical purpose of reconstructing the shape of a real mask, uses the same mathematical machinery as two-beam experiments; it also suggests that image retrieval by classical light ghost imaging is only a product of normal signal processing and does not involve any "ghost". In addition, the singlebeam setup allows simpler calibration procedures in systematic investigations of the efficiency of coincidence imaging.
ABSTRACT
Theoretical analysis has recently shown that the optical fields from several point sources may exhibit complete destructive interference even if the sources are not fully coherent with respect to each other. The experimental verification of this statement in the optical domain is not easy. In this Letter we demonstrate the effect using acoustical waves instead of light waves.
ABSTRACT
When a filter is placed in front of a double slit illuminated by a primary source of finite extent, the theory of partial coherence predicts that in general the interference fringes do not acquire unit visibility even as the passband of the filter is made arbitrarily narrow. The effect of reducing the filter bandwidth is that the visibility of the fringes tends to the modulus of the spectral degree of coherence and that more interference fringes become visible. A systematic experimental verification of these theoretical predictions is lacking so far and is provided here from the use of a highly sensitive CCD camera.
