Impact of war-associated factors on spread of sexually transmitted infections: a systemic review.

Introduction: Statistical data indicate a link between war and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), then it is necessary to carefully analyze the factors that directly affect the identified pattern in order to overcome this problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to systematically analyze the factors that influence the spread of STIs during war. Methods: The study included all original research articles and meta-analyses on the impact of war on the spread of sexually transmitted infections that met the following eligibility criteria: (1) articles published exclusively in English; (2) articles published in the period 2013-2023; (3) studies with quantitative, qualitative or mixed design. The search for relevant literature was conducted using four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebsco. Results: The articles selected for our systematic review had different research designs and were mainly published as original studies (n = 8) and literature reviews (n = 6). As a result of the evaluation of the selected articles for the systematic review, the authors identified migration, a decrease in access to health care, difficult access to contraception, sexual violence as the most frequent factors directly affecting the spread of STIs during the war. Conclusion: This systematic review systematizes data on the impact of hostilities on the spread of STIs and outlines the main factors that contribute to the dissemination of pathogens far beyond the territory at the epicenter of the conflict.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479808, CRD42023479808.

Bacterial factors of cariogenicity (literature review).

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: According to the 2003 WHO report, dental caries affects from 60% to 90% of school-age children and adults that makes it one of the most common diseases worldwide. The aim was to systematize data about the modern conception of plaque formation and role of microorganisms in its development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Biblosemantic, 50 medical literature sources were systematically reviewed as the material for the research. RESULTS: Review: According to Miller's theory, oral microorganisms can decompose dietary carbohydrates into acids, which in turn dissolve the calcium phosphates found in the enamel, causing it demineralisation Along with Streptococcus mutans, nowadays some other bacteria as Streptococcus sorbinus, Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces spp. have been well studied as caries contributors. However, the disease is related to plaque-mediated, because a much larger number of normal oral microflora representatives are involved in creating favourable preconditions for its development. There are a lot of original research papers about a role of bacteria in caries decay but compositions and characters of oral microflora are changing nowadays. Therefore, authors show the main cariogenic bacteria and their factors of pathogenicity which create special conditions for caries lesions. Modern concepts of dental plaque formation and pathogenesis of plaque-assosiative diseases are presented according to the new actual dental research. A lot of attention is paid to the biochemical properties of cariogenic bacteria and chemical process in biofilm. Role of acid and alkali production by oral bacteria in caries decay are shown in this article. Moreover, mechanisms of bacterial acid-fast and acid-tolerance are presented. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Analysis of literature demonstrates a lot of bacterial pathogenicity factors which play key role in caries development.

Neutrophil bactericidal activity through the stages of placement of different dental implants depending on their chemical composition.

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of data provided by implant system manufacturers has demonstrated that implants, i.e. parts screwed into the bone, are of different chemical composition of the implant. Sometimes they have little amount of metal contaminants,which are not biologically passive. THE AIM: To explore the effects produced by dental titanium implants containing metal contaminants on the stimulation of antimicrobial properties of neutrophils. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 patients who had from 1 to 4 titanium implants with different chemical compositions were subjected to the comprehensive check-up to this end. The functional activity of neutrophils was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. It was dynamically in 5-7 days after the implant fitting into the bone, and in 3 months after the procedure of implant placement. RESULTS: On the 5-7th day following the placement of implants with weight percentage of titanium (Ti) in the composition from 25 to 50%, the share of active neutrophils significantly increased compared with share of active neutrophils prior the surgical procedure. However, after 3 months, this parameter in patients with implants, whose titanium content was low, remained significantly high. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of dental implants systems led to an increase in the share of active neutrophils in the peripheral blood of the patients in 5-7 days following the procedure of implant insertion. However, this indicator for implant systems with a higher content of Ti in the remote period returned to its original value, which indicates their higher biocompatibility with the tissues of the human body.