[The influence of pregnancy on the systemic lupus erythematosus].

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environment factors which leads to abnormal immune responses. SLE affects more commonly women of childbearing age which raises the following questions--the influence of the disease activity on pregnancy and the influence of pregnancy on disease activity. On the one hand physiological changes occurring during pregnancy could lead to increased SLE activity, on the other hand the latter could mimic SLE activity. Differentiating these manifestations is important for the clinical practice--pregnancy and delivering guidance and SLE therapy.

[Preterm birth--incidence and etiology].

Preterm birth is a major societal and economic problem. To him is accounting for 80 to 90% of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is recognized as a complex multifactorial condition with different underlying etiologies. Paramount in the prevention of preterm birth is physician education regarding known risk factors, signs and symptoms of preterm labor and the role of close follow-up in the patients identified as high risk.

[HIV infection in pregnant women and risk of preterm birth].

According to estimates by WHO and UNAIDS, 34 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2011. Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mother to child can occur in utero, during labour or after delivery from breastfeeding. The majority of infants are infected during delivery. Clinical records have found more evidence of an increased rate of preterm delivery in HIV-positive women in low income countries.

[Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy].

Connective-tissue disorders, also referred to as collagen-vascular disorders, are characterized by autoantibody-mediated connective-tissue abnormalities. These are also called immune-complex diseases because many involve deposition of immune complexes in specific organ or tissue sites. Some of these disorders are characterized by sterile inflammation, especially of the skin, joints, blood vessels, and kidneys, and are referred to as rheumatic diseases. For inexplicable reasons, many rheumatic diseases primarily affect women. Another major category of connective-tissue diseases includes inherited disorders of bone, skin, cartilage, blood vessels. Examples include Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Lupus erythematosus (LE) is the main and most important disease in the group of systemic connective tissue diseases. It is heterogeneous, multiple organs autoimmune inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis, which is the result of interaction between the susceptible genes and environmental factors that lead to abnormal immune response. In this review will consider: its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical forms and clinical features and diagnosis set based on generally accepted clinical criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), the course of pregnancy in patients suffering from LE, the most common complications of LE during pregnancy and antiphospholipid syndrome as part of LE.