ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The quality of shrimp, as high perishable seafood, can readily be effected by microbial, chemical, and physical alterations during storage. AIMS: In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating either alone or incorporated with variable levels of clove oil nanoemulsion (CNE) (10, 20, and 30 mg/ml) was developed to sustain the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage. METHODS: Changes in microbial, chemical, textural, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory parameters of the studied groups evaluated through distinct experimental approaches. RESULTS: Based on our results, the pattern of increase in the aerobic plate count (APC) and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) in different groups were reported as the following order: CMC + CNE < CMC < control. Also, CMC and CNE integration decreased the upward trend of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to that of the control group during storage at 4°C for 10 days (P<0.05). During the storage period, the decrease of the L* value in the control group was greater than the others; whereas, the lowest a* and b* values were observed in this group (P<0.05). Besides, the textural and sensory properties of coated shrimp were significantly more acceptable (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Integration of CNE in CMC coating promisingly improves the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the popularity of ice cream, its high content of sugar and fat is worrisome. Substituting sugar with natural and useful resources is one possible solution. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are rich in carbohydrates and are a good source of energy; they also have a large amount of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin. AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ice cream sugar replacement with date products. METHODS: Accordingly, four ice cream samples with different sweeteners including 1) sucrose (as a control), 2) date pulp + sucrose, 3) date liquid sugar, and 4) sucrose + date liquid sugar, were produced. Total phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activities of dates and their effects on physicochemical and sensory properties of ice cream were investigated. RESULTS: A large amount of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin was found in the ice cream contained date pulp and liquid sugar, which enhanced the reducing power and antioxidant effect of it. The overrun and density of an ice cream did not change with sugar replacement. Total substitution of sucrose by date liquid sugar, increased the titratable acidity, viscosity, and antioxidant properties of ice cream, but it was found to have some negative effects on the organoleptically score of color. However, the partial replacement of granular sugar with date pulp/liquid sugar, improved the antioxidant value of this dairy dessert without any change in its color. CONCLUSION: It seems that the addition of date pulp to an ice cream, not only maintain the quality and sensory properties of an ice cream, but also provides an antioxidant property.
ABSTRACT
Onychomycosis or fungal nail infection is one of the most common fungal infections. Nearly 50% of all nail disorders are caused by fungi. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of onychomycosis across Iran. We searched English and Persian databases for studies reporting the epidemiologic features of onychomycosis in Iranian people from January 2000 to December 2018. Literature search revealed 307 studies, of which 24 studies met the eligibility criteria. In order to identifying the existence of publication bias among studies, funnel plots were used. The results of the meta-analysis were visualized as a forest plot representing the prevalence estimates of each study. Heterogeneity was also analyzed using the I2, Chi2, and Tau2 statistics. A high level of I2 and Chi2 was obtained among studies, which provides evidence of notable heterogeneity between studies. The results of current study revealed that the highest prevalence of onychomycosis was related to Mazandaran and Tehran provinces, respectively. As in the literature hypothesized shift in etiologic agents from yeasts to dermatophytes or molds could not be confirmed. Females were affected more frequently than males and in both sexes the highest incidence of infection occurrence was at the ages of >50 years. It seems the highest prevalence of onychomycosis in Mazandaran and Tehran provinces is due to the concentration of specialist doctors and research centers in these two provinces compared with others which leads to more detection and more care of the disease. Therefore, further educational strategies in order to accurate diagnosis in other provinces is necessary to reduce the risk of onychomycosis in Iran.
