ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate oxidative stress in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) activity were measured in 76 children (44 boys, 32 girls) diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM-IV and 78 healthy children (46 boys, 32 girls). RESULTS: Age and sex were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). TOS and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher in the patient group than the control group (P < 0.001). PON-1 (P = 0.002), ARE (P = 0.010) activity and TAS (P < 0.001) were lower in the patient group than the control group. DISCUSSION: We found decreased PON-1, ARE activity and TAS, and increased TOS and OSI in children with ADHD. Our study showed that there is significantly increased oxidative stress in children with ADHD.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Adolescent , Antioxidants/metabolism , Aryldialkylphosphatase/metabolism , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/metabolism , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has been determined that cannabis has adverse effects on brain tissue, and that increased S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) blood levels are markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the S100B levels in cannabis use disorder. METHOD: Thirty-two patients with cannabis use disorder and 31 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Appropriate blood samples were taken from the enrolled subjects, and the serum S100B protein levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the quantification of the protein. FINDINGS: We found significantly increased S100B protein levels in patients with cannabis use disorder. The mean serum concentration of S100B was 0.081 ± 0.018 µg/l in patients with cannabis use disorder, and 0.069 ± 0.018 µg/l in the control group (p = 0.008). INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that elevated S100B protein levels might indicate neuronal damage in the brains of people with cannabis use disorder.
Subject(s)
Marijuana Abuse/blood , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/blood , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
Preclinical studies indicate that stress early in life can cause long-term alterations in brain development. Studies have shown alterations in the brain functions of patients after experiencing trauma. Our aim is to examine whether the integrity of white matter tracts might be affected in dissociative disorder (DD) patients. A total of 15 DD patients and 15 healthy controls were studied, with the groups matched by age and gender. Diffusion-weighted echoplanar brain images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Regions of interest were manually placed on directional maps based on principal anisotropy. Apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter were measured bilaterally in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and by diffusion tensor imaging in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Significantly lower FA values were observed in the right ACR of DD patients versus healthy individuals. We also found an association between bad paternal relationships and lower FA in the genu of the corpus callosum in female patients. Alterations in the right ACR suggest that diffusion anisotropy measurement can be used as a quantitative biomarker for DD. Paternal relationships may also affect the brain's microstructure in women with DD.
