Pneumoblastoma: A Rare Tumor in Children Revealed by Pyopneumothorax.

Pneumoblastoma is a rare but severely aggressive primary lung tumor. Exceptional at the pediatric age, pneumoblastoma lacks clinical and radiological specificity. It is rarely mentioned as a first-line differential, as radiological images are often confused with those of congenital lung malformation. This history is reminiscent of the diagnostic difficulty with which the clinician is confronted with the finding of an intrathoracic cystic image of the child. Primary childhood lung tumors, especially pneumoblastoma, are difficult to diagnose both clinically and by imaging. It is necessary to think about it in the face of any lingering respiratory infection and any atypical radiological presentation. We report this case in order to illustrate the usual radiographic, ultrasound, and scenographic aspects of this rare malignant tumor in children and to highlight the diagnostic problems posed by this exceptional pathology.

The visceral larva migrans caused by Toxocara canis: a case report.

Hepatic toxocarosis is caused by the dog´s roundworm, Toxocara canis. Responsible for an eosinophilic inflammatory syndrome causing liver damage that can be detected on ultrasound, computed tomography and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. We report the case of a nine-year-old child, living in countryside, with a notion of cohabitation with canids. He presented a digestive symptomatology revealed by abdominal pain, with a hemeosinophilia in the hemogram. The etiological assessment of hyper eosinophilia objectified a positive Toxocara canisserology. The imaging assessment in search of digestive visceral lesions, found multiple heterogeneous hypoechogenic areas, poorly defined, scattered in the liver. On the abdominal CT scan, its areas appear of unenhanced density and low density and better visible after injection of contrast product. This observation reveals that imagery, although not very specific, helps in the assessment of liver damage from digestive toxocarosis.

[Imaging of orbital cellulitis in children: about 56 cases]. / Imagerie de la cellulite orbitaire chez l'enfant: à propos de 56 cas.

Orbital cellulitis is rare but potentially severe in children. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination and imaging (CT or MRI). This study aims to highlight the role of imaging, in particular CT scan, in the diagnosis and in the treatment of this pathology. We conducted a retrospective study of 56 cases of orbital cellulitis, whose data were collected in the Department of Radiology at the Hospital mother and child CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech over a period of six years (January 2011-October 2017). Patients underwent cranio-orbital CT scan. The average age of patients was 5 years, with a slight female predominance. The disease mainly involved the sinus (22 patients). The analysis of computed tomography results highlighted 37 cases of preseptal cellulitis (66%), 3 cases of isolated retroseptal cellulitis (5%), 16 cases of mixed cellulitis (28%), 8 cases of exophthalmia (14%) and 4 cases of subperiosteal abscess (7%). Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection in children, affecting short term vital prognosis as well as medium-term and long-term functional visual prognosis. Positive diagnosis is based on clinical examination. Imaging plays an important role in topographical and etiological diagnosis and as guidance for treatment.

[Imaging of orbital tumors in children]. / Imagerie des tumeurs orbitaires chez l'enfant.

Orbital tumors in children are characterised by a wide histological diversity due to the architectural complexity of the orbit. Several classifications may be proposed according to their location, histologic type and malignant or benign character. The most common clinical manifestation is the leukocoria. Diagnostic delay of these tumors, even if they are benign, may affect prognosis and lead to a loss of vision and/or a morphological deformation. Imaging plays an important role in positive diagnosis, in the differentiation between benign processes and potentially malignant processes, in the assessment of local and loco-regional staging and in follow-up monitoring under treatment. This study aimed to highlight the radiological features of primary intra-orbital tumors in children which are, in general, different from those of adults, by conducting a retrospective study of 40 medical records whose data were collected in the Division of Pediatric Radiology at the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, Morocco over a period of 4 years (2014-2017).

Total congenital sternal cleft isolated in a newborn of 20 days: Rare case.

Sternal clefts are rare malformations, especially in their complete form, which results from a lack of fusion of the sternal bars, which is normally done at the 9th week of intra uterine life. The incomplete form is often associated with other malformations of the chest wall, or falling within the framework of a polymalformative syndrome, the diagnosis is easy, being done with the inspection and the palpation, the paraclinical examinations are useful for confirming the diagnosis. We report the case of a total congenital sternal cleft isolated in an asymptomatic 20-day-old newborn. Thoracic CT, with threedimensional reconstructions, without injection of the contrast product confirmed the diagnosis, showing the presence of two hemistonids hypoplastic. The aim of our work is to draw attention to this pathology from birth because surgery must be undertaken during the first weeks of life to protect the heart and large vessels from any trauma, to improve respiratory dynamics and for aesthetic reasons.