Presentation of hemolytic and hemorrhagic rangeliosis in Cerdocyon thous.

Rangeliosis, caused by protozoan Rangelia vitalii, is transmitted by the tick Amblyomma aureolatum. The disease is characterized by hemolytic and hemorrhagic disorder and has been described in dogs and other wild canids. The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological findings and laboratory results of a Rangelia infection in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) with those of canine rangeliosis. The zoo of Universidade de Caxias do Sul, received a crab-eating fox with marked jaundice in mucous membranes, dark-colored stools and neurological signs. The animal underwent an ear tip smear examination and blood collection for complete blood counts, serum biochemistry and PCR. Free-living and intraerythrocytic pyriform structures consistent with R. vitalii were found in the blood smear of the ear tip. The erythrogram revealed normocytic normochromic anemia, moderate macrocytosis, polychromasia and metarubricytosis. The leukogram revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis, as well as severe thrombocytopenia. Serum biochemistry showed hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and elevated levels of urea and creatinine. The treatment was performed with imidocarb hydrochloride and dexamethasone, however 24 h after initiation of treatment the animal died. Macroscopic examination revealed jaundice, subcutaneous edema, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and hemorrhage of internal organs. Histological sections of the cerebellum, lung, pancreas, intestine and heart were consistent with R. vitalii infection of the vascular endothelium. Pathological and hematological findings were similar to those found in infected dogs, with clinical presentation characterized by hemolytic anemia and hemorrhage. The description of this case showed that C. thous does not only serve as reservoir of R. vitalii but may also develop disease.

Lavado traqueobrônquico auxiliado por endoscópio rígido ou por tubo endotraqueal em cães / Tracheobronchic washing in dogs by means of rigid endoscopy or endotracheal tube

Com o objetivo de se avaliarem os resultados do uso de endoscopia rígida e da técnica por tubo endotraqueal de colheita de líquido traqueobrônquico, foram utilizados 28 cães, errantes ou domiciliados, distribuídos em dois grupos. Nos cães do grupo 1, aplicou-se a técnica de lavado traqueobrônquico em 14 cães, sendo sete sadios e sete com sinais clínicos respiratórios. Nos do grupo 2, utilizou-se a mesma técnica, entretanto com endoscopia rígida, em sete cães sadios e em sete cães com sinais clínicos de doença respiratória. Os dados evidenciaram que o procedimento utilizando-se endoscópio rígido resultou em menor volume de solução infundida e em maior porcentagem de solução recuperada. Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao tempo de duração da execução da técnica. A contagem bacteriana foi mais alta nas amostras coletadas por endoscópio rígido, porém não houve diferença significativa na contagem de células nucleadas totais. Portanto, o uso da endoscopia rígida para colheita de líquido traqueobrônquico mostrou-se mais vantajosa do que a técnica convencional utilizando-se o tubo endotraqueal, pois fornece imagens das vias aéreas e permite acompanhamento visual da lavagem.

The present study aimed to evaluate the results of rigid endoscopy and endotracheal tube techniques for collecting tracheobronchic fluid from dogs. Twenty eight erratic or housed dogs, were allocated into to two groups. In group 1, tracheobronchic washing was applied to seven healthy dogs and seven dogs with clinical signs of respiratory disease. In group 2, seven healthy and seven dogs with respiratory disease were submitted to endo-bronchial washing by rigid endoscopy. Using rigid endoscopy, a lower volume was introduced but a higher percentage of washing fluid was recovered. There was no difference regarding the time necessary to perform both techniques. Bacterial counts were higher in samples collected by rigid endoscopy, but there was no difference in total nucleated cell counts from these samples. Thus, the use of rigid endoscopy to collect tracheobronchic fluid was found to be advantageous when compared to the conventional technique using endotracheal tube.