[The sanitary constitution and somatic status of students on territory of the Privolzhye Federal Okrug].

The features of sanitary constitution of students of the Nizhniy Novgorod region related to gradation of intra-group somatologic characteristics are presented. The results of anthropometric screening of 10 400 students of the Nizhniy Novgorod Oblast (boys/girls 5100/5300) aged 7-17 years were analyzed; body types were evaluated according to the Darskaya S. S. methodology; biological age - according to the Maximova T. M. methodology; physical development groups - according to the Baranov A. A. and Kuchma V. R. methodology. The typology was considered in formation of age and gender groups. They intra-group statistical analysis was implemented. The patterns of somatotyping were established. In boys/girls main types were thoracic type 58.9/67.3%, muscular - 21.6/17.4%, asthenoid - 9.1/8.2%, digestive - 7.3/8.3% and indefinite - 3.1/3.2%. The age factor significantly (p < 0.05) modifies dynamics of distributions of somatic types. The significant (p < 0.01) heterogeneity on the factor of biological maturation level was demonstrated in 66.0/68.6% of biological age corresponded to passport age, lag in 19.7/15.3%, advance in 14.3/16.1%. The decelerating ones in 30.9% of cases demonstrated thoracic somatotype with a single occurrence of asthenoid body type. In pre- and post-puberty individuals with thoracic somatotype in 57.0% had passport age that corresponded to biological age. For children with advanced type thoracic and muscular body types are specific and the digestive somatotype is specific only to advanced type (p = 0.01). The body typologies in combination with levels of biological development individualize characteristics of growing organism. The rate of maturation decreases its informative significance in post-puberty period. The individuals with different somatotypes are characterized by intra-group morphofunctional features.

[Risk factors and measures of prevention of infant mortality]. / Faktory riska i mery profilaktiki mladencheskoi smertnosti.

The authors analyze endo- and exogenous factors responsible for infant death during the first year of life. Biological anamnesis, conditions and life style were studied in 102 families which had infants dead during the first year of life. The data were collected by interviewing mothers and analyzing primary case histories of infants. Statistical processing of the results of social hygienic study distinguished 33 significant risk factors promoting infant death. Children born from mothers at a high risk of perinatal disease and in socially defective families are at a highest risk of neonatal death. Experience gained at pediatric health center No. 39 in Nizhnii Novgorod is described as the optimal structure of a territorial pediatric health center maximally realizing the measures aimed at prevention of neonatal mortality. This health center has a special department for infants, primary prevention center, and social public health service.