Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil / Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

Foram identificados fatores de risco associados à leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia. Foram amostradas aleatoriamente 10.823 fêmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses procedentes de 1.414 propriedades. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção por Leptospira spp., foi utilizada a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) utilizando 24 sorovares como antígenos. Um rebanho foi considerado foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Das 1.414 propriedades investigadas, 1.076 (77,9 por cento; IC 95 por cento = 75,7-80,0 por cento) apresentaram pelo menos um animal reagente na SAM para qualquer sorovar. O sorovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) foi o mais prevalente, com 34,49 por cento (IC 95 por cento = 31,97-37,14 por cento) das propriedades positivas. Presença de mais de 28 fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no rebanho (OR=2,11; p<0,001), presença de cervídeos (OR=2,02; p=0,010), compra de animais (OR=1,57; p<0,001), abate de animais na própria fazenda (OR=1,58; p=0,030) e utilização de partos compartilhados (OR=1,63; p<0,001) foram identificados como fatores de risco para leptospirose por qualquer sorovar. Os fatores de risco para leptospirose pelo sorovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) foram a presença de suínos (OR=1,28; p=0, 040) e a compra de animais (OR=1,48; p<0,001).

Risk factors associated with leptospirosis were identified in cows in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A total of 10,823 cows with > 24 months of age from 1,414 herds were randomly sampled. For the serological diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried out using 24 serovars as antigens. A herd was considered positive when presented at least one seropositive animal. Of the 1,414 investigated herds, 1,076 (77.9 percent; 95 percent CI = 75.7-80.0 percent) presented at least one reactant animal at MAT to any serovar. Serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) was the most prevalent, with 34.49 percent (95 percent CI = 31.97-37.14 percent) of the positive herds. Presence of more than 28 bovine females in reproductive age (OR=2.11; p<0.001), presence of cervids (OR=2.02; p=0.010), animal purchase (OR=1.57; p<0.001), to slaughter animals in the property (OR=1.58; p=0.030) and to share pasture (OR=1.63; p<0.001) were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo (Hardjoprajitno) were presence of swine (OR=1.28; p=0.040) and animal purchase (OR=1.48; p<0.001).

Prevalence and risk factors for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats of the Seridó Oriental microregion, Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeast region of Brazil.

The prevalence and risk factors for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were investigated in goats of the Seridó Oriental microregion, Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeast region of Brazil. Three hundred and sixty-six blood samples from goats collected by jugular venopuncture were used. For the serologic diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection, the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) with cut-off value 1:64 was carried out. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 30.6% [95% CI=25.9-35.6%] with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:16,384. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies were presence of cats in the herd, extensive/semi-intensive management systems and lack of mineral supplementation.