Oral colonization: a possible source for candidemia in low-weight neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To check the oral colonization in neonates at high-risk and to associate these cases with candidemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in the NICU. For six months, 125 high-risk neonates were investigated for oral colonization and septicemia by yeasts. From this total, 19 neonates had yeasts on the oral mucosae and 12 neonates developed fungemia. All of the 12 neonates with fungemia were included in the amount of 19 who have presented oral colonization by yeasts. RESULTS: There was a species concordance between the yeasts of the oral mucosae and the blood in 6 neonates (50%) among the 12 neonates with oral colonization and septicemia at the same time. The yeasts isolated in these 6 cases regarding the species concordance were Candida albicans (5 cases, 83.4%) and Candida parapsilosis (1 case, 16.6%). All of the cases involving an association were confirmed by PFGE. All of the strains of yeasts involved in oral colonization and also blood presented the same karyotype. A total of 66.6% of the patients with strains in agreement progressed to death. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the relevance of monitoring the oral microbiota, as a possible source of fungal infection, and assisting to develop appropriate therapeutic strategy.

Atividade in vitro do danofloxacin e de sete drogas antimicrobianas frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de mastite bovina / Antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin and seven other drugs against Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis

Duzentas estirpes mastitogênicas de Staphylococcus aureus foram submetidas à atividade antimicrobiana de oito drogas (danofloxacin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, cloranfenicol, imipenem, tetraciclina e oxacilina). O danofloxacin, antimicrobiano da família das 4-fluoroquinolonas, foi recém-lançado para uso exclusivo em veterinária. O estudo comparativo das drogas antimicrobianas foi realizado pela técnica do disco (Bauer-Kirby) e da determinaçäo da concentraçäo inibitória mínima (CIM) juntamente com a avaliaçäo da concentraçäo bactericida mínima (CBM). Os resultados demonstraram que as drogas mais eficientes foram: imipenem (100 por cento), trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol (98,9 por cento), cefuroxime (97,3 por cento), tetraciclina (96,9 por cento), danofloxacin (95,4 por cento), cloranfenicol (93,9 por cento), oxacilina (93,4 por cento) e ciprofloxacin (91,1 por cento), considerando-se somente os percentuais de linhagens sensíveis. Levando-se em conta também as linhagens moderadamente sensíveis, o danofloxacin foi considerado o terceiro antimicrobiano mais eficiente. O estudo da determinaçäo da CIM e da CBM do danofloxacin caracterizou sua elevada eficiência antimicrobiana, tendo em vista a proximidade entre elas (CIM90 por cento subscrito - 0,18 µg/ml - CBM90 por cento subscrito - 0,23 µg/ml) e a relaçäo CIM/CBM de 1:1 e 1:2 para a maioria das linhagens em estudo

[Toxicity of insecticides-acaricides were studied for three phytoghagous mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) using two different laboratory methods (author's transl)]. / Toxicidade de acaricidas para três espécies de ácaros fitófagos (Acari: Tetranychidae) obtida através de dois diferentes métodos de laboratório.

The aim of this work was to learn the toxicity of acaricides: monocrotophos, chlorobenzilate and chlorphenamidine when used as an immersion and as a spray on the phytophagous mites, Tetranychus (T) urticae, Tetranychus (T) cinnabarinus and Tetranychus (T) ludeni under laboratory conditions. It was concluded that the mite T. urticae was sensitive to chlorphenamidine at least when used as a spray without killing them in a significant level. However the mites T. cinnabarinus and T. ludeni were sensitive to chlorphenamidine when using immersion method. The monocrotophos and the chlorobenzilate were toxic of the three species of mites using though the employed methods.