ABSTRACT
The authors present the person of Mikolaj of Poland, a thirteenth century doctor, connected with the Princes of Pomerania and Greater Poland, educated in France, and known from his two major writings, Antipocras (Anti-Hypocrates) and Experimenta. On the background of medieval medicine, the methods of healing he suggested appear as unusual and unconventional. He healed with amulets, mud, dung, river and sea water, frogs, moles, vipers, flies and worms. Using them, he produced powders, pills, ointments and oils which were to have outstanding healing results. They were to be used in lithiasis, skin irritations, nephritis, hepatitis, deafness, epilepsy, and toothache. Women might use them as cosmetics, too. Considering thirteenth century medicine, Mikolaj with no doubts represents medieval medical "empiry", creating an interesting alternative against official standards binding doctors of that time.
