ABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol may be intermediated by its effects over heart rate variability (HRV). Most studies about the effects of alcohol over HRV were observational and did not explore the temporal influence of alcohol ingestion over autonomic modulation. The aim of this study was to verify if an acute ingestion of alcohol has a time-dependent influence over time-domain indices of HRV. The effect of the ingestion of 60 g of ethanol or placebo over autonomic modulation was compared in healthy men (35 per group), with 18-25 years of age, before and during 17 h after ingestion. Alcohol promoted a fall in the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and percentage of pairs of adjacent R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms and in two indices of the three-dimensional return map, by a period up to 10 h after the ingestion of alcohol, accompanied by an increase in heart rate. The indices returned to values similar of the control group 10 h after ingestion. The effects over HRV indices were attenuated by adjustment for heart rate. The ingestion of alcohol induces a broad cardiovascular adaptation secondary to vagal withdrawal and sympathetic activation that may be responsible for arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol ingestion.
Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , Ethanol/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Nonlinear Dynamics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases are among the worldwide leading causes of shorter life expectancy and loss of quality of life. Thus, any influence of diet or life habits on the cardiovascular system may have important implications for public health. Most world populations consume alcoholic beverages. Since alcohol may have both protective and harmful effects on cardiovascular health, the identification of biochemical mechanisms that could explain such paradoxical effects is warranted. The vascular endothelium is the target of important mediating pathways of differential ethanol concentrations, such as oxidative stress, lipoproteins, and insulin resistance. Alcohol-induced endothelial damage or protection may be related to the synthesis or action of several markers, such as nitric oxide, cortisol, endothelin-1, adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and haemostatic factors. The expression of these markers is consistent with the J-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular health. However, there is genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcohol response, and despite the apparent beneficial biochemical effects of low doses of ethanol, there is not enough clinical and epidemiological evidence to allow the recommendation to consume alcoholic beverages for abstemious individuals. Considering the potential for addiction of alcoholic beverage consumption and other negative consequences of alcohol, it would be worthwhile to identify substances able to mimic the beneficial effects of low doses of ethanol without its adverse effects.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Biomarkers , Cholesterol, HDL , Coronary Artery Disease , Ethanol/adverse effects , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Nitric Oxide , Oxidative Stress , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
A doença cardiovascular, em especial a isquêmica é a principal causa de morbimortalidade peroperatória, sendo por isso responsabilidade médica a sua identificação, manejo e estratificação de risco adequados para os pacientes candidatos a procedimentos cirúrgicos não-cardíacos. Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura sobre avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes com doença arterial coronariana conhecida ou suspeitada, evidenciando uma correta estratificação e quantificação do risco das complicações peroperatórias de cirurgias não cardíacas.
Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, are the principal case of perioperative morbidity and mortality. It's a medical's responsability to identify, to make appropriate preoperative evaluation and to stratify his patients for electives noncardiac surgery. This article is a literature review on preoperative assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary arterial disease.
