Modelling supply and demand of bioenergy from short rotation coppice and Miscanthus in the UK.

Biomass from lignocellulosic energy crops can contribute to primary energy supply in the short term in heat and electricity applications and in the longer term in transport fuel applications. This paper estimates the optimal feedstock allocation of herbaceous and woody lignocellulosic energy crops for England and Wales based on empirical productivity models. Yield maps for Miscanthus, willow and poplar, constrained by climatic, soil and land use factors, are used to estimate the potential resource. An energy crop supply-cost curve is estimated based on the resource distribution and associated production costs. The spatial resource model is then used to inform the supply of biomass to geographically distributed demand centres, with co-firing plants used as an illustration. Finally, the potential contribution of energy crops to UK primary energy and renewable energy targets is discussed.

Topical treatment of standardized burns with a protein-free haemodialysate.

The utility of the protein-free haemodialysate Solcoseryl (HD) in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers and minor burns is well documented (Haigis et al., 1985). In this study the effects of HD ointment and HD gel on the healing of standardized deep partial thickness burns were investigated in rats. Treatment with HD-containing topical agents significantly reduced healing time (P less than or equal to 0.01) in comparison with non-treated controls; HD ointment and HD gel reduced relative healing rates by 20 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. Macroscopic and histological findings indicate that the effects of HD start in the early phase of the healing process (inflammatory/exudative), and that the entire healing process is improved.

Morphometric assessment of wound healing in rats treated with a protein-free haemodialysate.

Morphological changes during soft-tissue repair are prime indicators of the processes involved in wound healing. A method has been developed to quantify such changes and applied for assessing the healing of partial thickness dermatome wounds treated either with Solcoseryl jelly or the matching vehicle. After 4 days of treatment, the active-treated wounds had already reached the reparative phase, whereas the vehicle-treated wounds were still in the proliferative phase. Furthermore, wound re-epithelialization was significantly improved under active treatment (P less than 0.005).

Antiallergic 9-oxo-11-hydroxy-5H,9H-[2]benzopyrano[4,3-g][1]benzopyrans.

The synthesis and properties of the title compounds 1 are described. Several of these compounds, in addition to being potent inhibitors of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction of rats against egg albumin challenge, significantly block the effects of several mediators of anaphylaxis in isolated smooth muscle preparations. An improved procedure for the isolation and partial purification of SRS-A from chopped guinea pig lung tissue is also described.

In vitro antagonism of the mediators of allergy by a benzopyrano-benzopyran carboxylic acid PR-D-92-EA.

PR-D-92-EA was tested on isolated guinea pig ileum and rat stomach strips for activity against mediators probably released after allergen antibody union. It antagonized the response produced by histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2ALPHA and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). The concentrations which blocked 50% of the response were 150, 145, 92, 70, 47, and 32 mug/ml, respectively. This compound may be useful in the treatment of allergic conditions.