ABSTRACT
Using a concentric macro electrode, both the concentric and macro action potentials of a motor unit were analyzed for duration, area, and amplitude. Eighty-six different motor units were analyzed from the tibialis anterior muscle in 10 normal subjects. The aim of this work was to compare concentric and macro action potential measurements of the same motor unit. The study revealed significant correlations between concentric and macro samples, with the concentric potential's area correlating better with the macro potential than its amplitude. This shows that the 10 to 15 muscle fibers studied by the concentric electrode serve as a good sample of the motor unit as a whole. We briefly review the technique used in concentric macro EMG, as well as describe the methods used for collecting and comparing both concentric and macro action potentials.
Subject(s)
Electromyography/methods , Motor Neurons/physiology , Action Potentials/physiology , Adult , Electrodes , Electromyography/instrumentation , Humans , Male , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscles/innervationABSTRACT
In a case of disputed paternity genetic incompatibility was observed in the ABO blood group system between mother (O) and child (AB). From biostatistical evaluation of 21 genetic markers, including HLA phenotypes, a high value of probability for paternity, maternity and parentage was found between the child, the child's mother, the accused man and his mother. Substitution of the newborn was thereby excluded. The serostatistical evaluation of maternity and paternity could be supported by anthropological opinion. In serological investigations of the ABH system the A and B antigens of the 'A2B' cells were found to be abnormal in the child, the child's father, and the father's mother: the A was weaker than normal A1 but stronger than normal A2; the B was found to be abnormal which in addition was documented through occurrence of irregular anti-B antibodies in the child. In comparison to normal controls (A1, A2, B, A1B, A2B) diminished activity of alpha-D-N-acetylgalactosamine and alpha-D-galactosyltransferase were observed in the three 'A2B' propositi. These facts confirmed the existence of a cis-AB gene in the Lam. family which the child inherited from her father and the child's father from his mother. Assuming a population frequency of 1.1 X 10(-5) for the cis-AB gene, the probability for paternity was calculated from all genetic markers to be W = 99.9999985%.
