Interaction among participants in a collective intelligence experiment: an emotional approach.

Introduction: The construct of collective intelligence assumes that groups have a better capacity than individuals to deal with complex, poorly defined problems. The digital domain allows us to analyze this premise under circumstances different from those in the physical environment: we can gather an elevated number of participants and generate a large quantity of data. Methods: This study adopted an emotional perspective to analyze the interactions among 794 adolescents dealing with a sexting case on an online interaction platform designed to generate group answers resulting from a certain degree of achieved consensus. Results: Our results show that emotional responses evolve over time in several phases of interaction. From the onset, the emotional dimension predicts how individual responses will evolve, particularly in the final consensus phase. Discussion: Responses gradually become more emotionally complex; participants tend to identify themselves with the victim in the test case while increasingly rejecting the aggressors.

Relationship Between Brugada Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is characterized by specific electrocardiographic changes predisposing individuals to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Cases of coexisting Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke are seldom documented, and an underlying pathophysiological link is yet unknown. This article presents a case in which a patient exhibited both Brugada syndrome patterns and an ischemic stroke, prompting a comprehensive literature review to explore the potential association between Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old man, previously healthy, was admitted to the hospital after being discovered unconscious at his workplace. Physical exam showed low oxygen saturation, fever, and abnormal neurological findings. Head computed tomography revealed a significant posterior circulation ischemic stroke. An electrocardiogram revealed Brugada syndrome type II initially, progressing to type III pattern. Despite efforts, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to death within 24 hours. As far as we're aware, Brugada patterns following a posterior circulation ischemic stroke have only been documented in 1 other instance, in which the patient was also diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS Both our literature review and the presented case indicate that Brugada patterns may coexist with and even be associated with ischemic stroke. More extensive research is required to shed light on this potential association. The question of whether Brugada syndrome is a precursor to or a result of ischemic stroke remains unanswered. We propose that patients with ischemic stroke should undergo an evaluation for electrocardiographic signs indicative of Brugada syndrome, particularly if no clear causes, like cardioembolism, are evident.

Corrigendum: Evolutionary emergence of collective intelligence in large groups of students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848048.].

Tobacco cessation among smokers under substance use treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis: study protocol and pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 80% of people with a substance use disorder (SUD) are smokers. Starting SUD treatment offers the opportunity to also quit smoking. The ACT-ATAC project aims to identify the predictors associated with smoking cessation among persons treated for alcohol and/or cannabis use disorder in Barcelona. This manuscript reports its methodology and the experience of carrying it out during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Mixed methods project with three substudies. Substudy 1 (S1) comprises heterogeneous discussion groups among clinicians. S2 has two prospective cohorts composed of smokers under treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis use disorder and the clinicians in charge of these patients. Participating smokers will be followed for 12 months and interviewed about their substance use and the tobacco cessation services received using the Spanish version of the users' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Services (S-KAS) scale. The clinicians will be asked about their self-reported practices in smoking cessation using the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (S-KAP) scale. S3 comprises heterogeneous discussion groups with smokers. Data will be triangulated using qualitative and quantitative analyses. To facilitate the recruitment process, the researchers have introduced several strategies (design clear protocols, set monthly online meetings, extend the project, provide gift cards, etc.). DISCUSSION: The results of S1 were used to develop the questionnaires. S2 required some adjustments due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the follow-up interviews being conducted by phone instead of face-to-face, and the recruitment rhythm was lower than expected. Recruitment will last until reaching at least 200-250 users. The fieldwork could not have been possible without the collaboration of the ACT-ATAC team and the introduction of several strategies. Trial registration The ACT-ATAC project has been successfully registered at Clinicaltrials.gov [NCT04841655].

Evolutionary emergence of collective intelligence in large groups of students.

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well as the group's overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group's performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group's performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of "fake news" within the group.

Efectos de la rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente cardiovascular con ansiedad y depresión / Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the cardiovascular patient with anxiety

Resumen Objetivo: determinar el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la información de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, admitidos a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca. La ansiedad y depresión fueron medidas con la escala HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) y se categorizaron según el tratamiento de base recibido (médico o quirúrgico). Se comparó el cambio en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión al ingreso y al final de la rehabilitación cardiaca mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas y la prueba de McNemar para evaluar el cambio de los porcentajes en cada subescala. Resultados: se incluyeron 1.221 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 61 años, 68,30% eran hombres. Al ingreso, la mediana del puntaje de ansiedad y depresión fue 3, de los cuales 141 pacientes presentaron un trastorno de ansiedad (11,55%) y 67 un trastorno depresivo (5,49%). Al final de la rehabilitación cardiaca se obtuvo una mejoría en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión tanto en pacientes en tratamiento médico (promedio -1,87 puntos 95% IC -2,14 a -1,60 p<0,01 y -1,46 puntos 95% IC -1,72 a -1,21 p<0,01 respectivamente) como quirúrgico (promedio -1,48 puntos 95% IC -1,78 a -1,18 p<0,01 y -1,83 puntos 95% IC -2,12 a -1,57 p<0,01). Conclusiones: los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular en tratamiento médico o quirúrgico, mejoraron luego de un programa integral de rehabilitación cardíaca.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of a rehabilitation program on the anxiety and depression scores of patients with cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: An analysis was performed on the information collected from a retrospective cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease, admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and were classified according to the baseline treatment (medical or surgical) received. A comparison was made between the anxiety and depression scores on admission and at the end of the cardiac rehabilitation program using Wilcoxon test for paired samples and the McNemar test to evaluate the change in the percentages in each sub-scale. Results: A total of 1,221 patients were included. The median age was 61 years, and 68.3% were males. On admission, the median score was 3 on the anxiety and depression scale, with 141 (11.55%) patients having an anxiety disorder, and 67 (5.49%) with depressive disorder. An improvement was observed in the anxiety and depression scores at the end of the end of the cardiac rehabilitation, both in patients on medical treatment (mean difference minus 1.87 points, 95% CI; -2.14 to -1.60: P<.01, and -1.46 points, 95% CI; -1.72 to -1.21: P<.01, for anxiety and depression, respectively) and on surgical treatment (mean difference -1.48 points, 95% CI; -1.78 to -1.18, P<.01 and -1.83 points, 95% CI -2.12 to -1.57, P<.01, respectively). Conclusions: The anxiety and depression scores in patients with cardiovascular disease on medical or surgical treatment improved after an integrated cardiac rehabilitation program.

Infección relacionada con los dispositivos cardiovasculares / Cardiovascular device-related infections

Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes que presentaron infecciones relacionadas con los dispositivos cardiovasculares electrónicos implantables. Métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que ingresaron por infecciones de los dispositivos cardiovasculares implantables entre enero de 2006 y septiembre de 2015. Se describieron las características relacionadas con el paciente, el procedimiento, el dispositivo y el microorganismo aislado. Resultados: 22 pacientes fueron admitidos por infecciones relacionadas con los dispositivos electrónicos cardiovasculares implantables. El promedio de edad fue 63 años (DE 13,7) y 86% fueron del sexo masculino. La mitad de los pacientes tenían enfermedad renal crónica y solo el 27% diabetes mellitus. Todos los casos tenían al menos 2 electrodos intracardiacos y el 40,91% refirieron el antecedente de recambio del dispositivo. El germen más frecuentemente aislado fue el Staphylococcus epidermidis. La mortalidad fue del 22,73%. Conclusiones: Las infecciones por los dispositivos cardiovasculares son cada vez más frecuentes. Se debe identificar la presencia de infección local o sistémica con o sin compromiso intracardiaco. Los objetivos del tratamiento van dirigidos a la remoción del dispositivo cardiovascular y el tratamiento antibiótico dirigido.

Abstract Motivation: To describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who developed infections related to cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Methods: Medical records of patients who were admitted for infections of cardiovascular implantable devices between January 2006 and September 2015 were reviewed. Characteristics related to the patient, the procedure, the device and the isolated microorganism were described. Results: 22 patients were admitted for infections related to cardiovascular implantable Electronic devices Average age was 63 years (SD 13.7) and 86% were male. Half of the patients suffered from chronic renal disease and only 27% diabetes mellitus. All cases had at least 2 intracardiac electrodes and 40.91% had required a previous replacement of the device. The most frequently isolated germ was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mortality rate was 22.73%. Conclusions: Cardiovascular device-related infections are more and more frequent. The presence of a local or systemic infection with or without intracardiac involvement must be identified. The goals of the treatment are oriented towards the removal of the cardiovascular device and empirical antibiotic therapy.

ZO-2, a tight junction scaffold protein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

ZO-2 is a membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue (MAGUK) tight protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of tight junctions. Here, we describe how ZO-2 is a multidomain molecule that binds to a variety of cell signaling proteins, to the actin cytoskeleton, and to gap, tight, and adherens junction proteins. In sparse cultures, ZO-2 is present at the nucleus and associates with molecules active in gene transcription and pre-mRNA processing. ZO-2 inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway, reduces cell proliferation, and promotes apoptosis; its absence, mutation, or overexpression is present in various human diseases, including deafness and cancer.

Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico asociado con ablación por radiofrecuencia de reentrada nodal / Ischemic stroke associated with radio frequency ablation for nodal reentry

La taquicardia por reentrada nodal es la causa más común de taquicardia supraventricular paroxística; en aquellos pacientes en quienes el manejo farmacológico no es efectivo o deseado la ablación por radiofrecuencia es un excelente método terapéutico dada su alta tasa de curación. Aunque en términos generales dichos procedimientos son rápidos y seguros, se han descrito varias complicaciones entre las que sobresale el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 41 años con episodios de taquicardia por reentrada nodal a repetición, que fue llevada a ablación por radiofrecuencia. En el post-operatorio inmediato se evidenció déficit neurológico focal con isquemia en el territorio de la arteria cerebral media derecha, tras lo cual se realizó angiografía con intento de angioplastia y abxicimab y posteriormente infusión local de activador de plasminógeno tisular (rtPA) con adecuado resultado clínico y angiográfico.

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is the most common type of paroxismal supraventricular tachycardia. In those patients in whom drug therapy is not effective or not desired, radio frequency ablation is an excellent therapeutic method. Although overall these procedures are fast and safe, several complications among which ischemic stroke stands out, have been reported. We present the case of a 41 year old female patient with repetitive episodes of tachycardia due to nodal reentry who was treated with radiofrequency ablation. Immediately after the procedure she presented focal neurologic deficit consistent with ischemic stroke in the right medial cerebral artery territory. Angiography with angioplastia and abxicimab was performed and then tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) was locally infused, with appropriate clinical and angiographic outcome.

Técnicas de desplazamiento gingival enprótesis fija / Gingival shift technics in fixed prothesis

El desplazamiento gingival es un procedimiento muy útil para proteger la encía durante el tallado y para lograr una buena impresión de la línea de terminación, tratándose de una técnica relativamente simple y efectiva cuando se realiza con los tejidos periodotales saludables y cuando los márgenes estén adecuadamente tallados y localizados en el surco. Este procedimiento se puede complicar debido a las variaciones en la anchura del surco, la distensibilidad de los tejidos gingivales y el grado de inflamación gingival. La técnica más comúnmente usada es el método mecánico-químico con el uso de un hilo de distintos diámetros y longitudes, impregnados con diversos agentes químicos. Los materiales utilizados para la retracción gingival deben establecer los siguientes criterios: 1. Deben ser efectivos. El uso de un hilo impregnado en un hemostático debe ser suficiente para permitir un desplazamiento lateral de los tejidos blandos y así permitir una adecuada toma de impresión de las líneas de terminación de los dientes preparados. Para ello es importante también un control de la hemorragia y de los fluidos gingivales.2. Los medicamentos utilizados no deben producir daños irreversibles en los tejidos.3. No deben producir efectos secundarios sistémicos. No hay evidencia científica que establezca prioridades entre las distintas técnicas, por (..) (AU)

Gingival displacement is an important procedure with fabricating indirect restorations. Gingival displacement is relatively simple and effective when sulcus. The mechanical-chemical method using retraction cords of various sizes impregnated with various retraction chemicals is the most commonly employed retraction technique. Materials used for gingival retraction should satisfy the following criteria:1. It must be effective: Use of medicament in accord must result in enough lateral and vertical displacement of the gingival tissues with tissue shrinkage and control of hemorrhagic and gingival fluid to allow the dentist to make and adequate impression of the gingival finish line of the prepared tooth. 2. Use of the material should not cause significant irreversible tissue damage.3. Use of the material should not produce potentially harmful systemic effects. No scientific evidence has established the superiority of one technique over others, so the choice of technique depends on the presenting clinical situation and operator preference (AU)

Cementado adhesivo de restauraciones totalmente cerámicas / Luting cement in all-ceramic restorations

El cementado adhesivo aporta grandes ventajas en prótesis fija, sobre todo cuando se emplean restauraciones de porcelana de recubrimiento parcial. Este artículo pretende servir de orientación en la selección y empleo de los distintos tipos de cemento y de su manejo clínico en función del tipo de restauración y del material cerámico a emplear. Se hace especial hincapié en la preparación de los diferentes tipos de superficie a adherir y en la selección de los productos más adecuados para obtener resultados predecibles (AU)

Luting cement offers significant advantages for fixed prosthodontics, especially when porcelain partial coverage restorations are porformed. This article provides information on the selection and use of various types of cement and their clinical management based on the preparation of different types of surfaces for adhesion and on the selection of the most appropriate products for obtaining predictable result (AU)

Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats.

Fructose intake has been recently linked to the epidemic of metabolic syndrome and, in turn, the metabolic syndrome has been epidemiologically linked with renal progression. The renal hemodynamic effects of fructose intake are unknown, as well as the effects of different routes of administration. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats over 8 wk by either a high-fructose diet (60%, F60, n = 7) or by adding fructose to drinking water (10%, F10, n = 7). Body weight and food and fluid intake of each rat were measured weekly during the follow-up. At baseline and at the end of wk 8, systolic blood pressure, plasma uric acid, and triglycerides were measured. At the end of week 8 glomerular hemodynamics was evaluated by micropuncture techniques. Wall thickening in outer cortical and juxtamedullary afferent arterioles was assessed by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis. Fructose administration either in diet or drinking water induced hypertension, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia; however, there was a progressive increment in these parameters with higher fructose intake (C

Escleredema / Scleredema

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Puentes de Y-TZP zirconio en el sector anterior: A propósito de un caso clínico / Y-TZP zirconium in anterosuperior front, with regard to a clinic case

La terapéutica con Prótesis Fija actual del sector anterior se basa en unas elevadas demandas estéticas, tanto por parte de los profesionales como de los pacientes. Para mejorar estos patrones estéticos, la tecnología actual nos ofrece restauraciones de porcelana sin metal en las que cada vez se puede garantizar mejor su resistencia bajo condiciones funcionales exigentes. El presente caso explica la posibilidad de utilización de los recientes materiales basados en el zirconio, empleando como ejemplo el sistema LAVA de 3M-ESPE (AU)

Therapics with current Fixed Prosthodontics in antero-superior front is based on a high aesthetic demand from part of professionals as patients. To improve this aesthetics pattern, the actual technologies offer us porcelains metal-less restorations in those it can be guarantied better resistance under high functional conditions. In present case it is explained possibility of use newmaterials based in zirconium using as an example LAVA system of 3M-ESPE (AU)

Determinants of salivary cotinine levels among current smokers in Mexico.

The present study describes salivary cotinine levels and their relationship to cigarettes smoked per day in Mexican smokers. Using a sampling strategy based on the number of cigarettes per day, we recruited 1,222 smokers from Mexico City and the state of Morelos in Mexico during 1999. Smoking behaviors and other factors known to affect nicotine intake and cotinine level were identified in an interview using a standardized questionnaire. Salivary cotinine was measured by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. We used generalized additive models to describe the relationship between salivary cotinine levels and variables of interest. The mean age of the population was 39.7 years (SD=15.6 years), with a mean cotinine level of 194.7 ng/ml (SD=134.8; range=10.1-767). Participants smoked a mean of 15.5 cigarettes per day (SD=11.3). Salivary cotinine and cigarettes smoked per day were positively related, although the association was not linear, flattening above 20 cigarettes per day. After adjusting for cigarettes per day, we found that significant predictors of cotinine levels included age, body mass index, cigarette producer, and smoking behavior variables. These results may have implications for dosing with nicotine medications to aid smoking cessation in Mexican smokers and suggest that whether the cigarette is labeled light or regular has no relationship to nicotine dose from smoking cigarettes.