Subject(s)
Babesia/drug effects , Insulin/physiology , Putrescine/pharmacology , Selenious Acid/pharmacology , Transferrin/pharmacology , Animals , Babesia/growth & development , Babesia/physiology , Babesiosis/parasitology , Bioreactors/parasitology , Cattle , Culture Media, Serum-Free , Erythrocytes/parasitology , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
The effect of Lactobacillus casei on INIFAP's mixed vaccine against bovine babesiosis (VAC) was assessed in bovines in an endemic babesiosis area. It was previously reported that L. casei increases the efficiency of the Mexican mixed vaccine against bovine babesiosis under controlled conditions. The results of the present study demonstrated the effectiveness of simultaneous vaccination of bovines with L. casei and the mixed vaccine against bovine babesiosis in eliciting a protective immune response under extreme conditions in the field. Twenty Babesia spp free bovines were allocated into three groups: un-vaccinated (Control, n = 9), vaccinated with VAC (n = 5), and vaccinated simultaneously with VAC and Lactobacillus casei (LC-VAC, n = 6). All animals were kept in a tick and Babesia spp free field at Coatepec, Veracruz during 24 days before moving them to Paso del Toro, Veracruz, for a natural exposition to Babesia spp transmitted by Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. Protection against Babesia spp was observed in bovines belonging to VAC and LC-VAC groups, while control animals showed severe clinical babesiosis. Bovines in VAC-LC group showed less clinical signs between days 12-16 after challenge as compared with animals in VAC group. All bovines showed both Babesia spp after challenge. Levels of IgG anti-Babesia in animals from both vaccinated groups, determined by indirect immunofluorescence test, always were higher to Babesia bovis than to B. bigemina after vaccination and challenge. It was demonstrated the efficiency of simultaneous vaccination of bovines with VAC and L. casei, in eliciting a better protective immune response against naturally transmitted Babesia spp under extreme field conditions.
Se evaluó el efecto de Lactobacillus casei en la vacuna mixta contra babesiosis bovina del INIFAP (VAC), en bovinos de un área endémica de babesiosis. Previamente se informó que L. casei incrementa la eficacia de la vacuna mixta mexicana contra babesiosis bovina bajo condiciones controladas. Los resultados aquí expuestos demostraron dicha efectividad para generar una respuesta inmunitaria protectora bajo condiciones extremas en el campo. Veinte bovinos libres de Babesia spp fueron distribuidos al azar en tres grupos: testigo no vacunado (Testigo, n = 9), vacunado con VAC (n = 5), y vacunado simultáneamente con VAC y L. casei (LC-VAC, n = 6). Todos los animales se mantuvieron en un corral libre de garrapatas y Babesia spp en Coatepec, Veracruz durante 24 días antes de transportarlos a Paso del Toro, Veracruz, para una exposición natural a Babesia spp transmitida por garrapatas Riphicephalus (Boophilus). Se observó protección contra Babesia spp en bovinos pertenecientes a los grupos VAC y LC-VAC, mientras que los animales testigo mostraron signos clínicos de babesiosis aguda. Los bovinos del grupo VAC-LC mostraron menos signos clínicos que los del grupo VAC entre los días 12-16. Todos los bovinos mostraron Babesia spp después de la confrontación. Los niveles de IgG anti-Babesia en los animales de los grupos vacunados, determinados por inmunofluorescencia indirecta, siempre fueron más elevados contra Babesia bovis que contra B. bigemina después de la vacunación y de la confrontación. Se demostró la eficacia de la vacunación simultánea con VAC y L. casei en bovinos, para generar una mejor respuesta inmunitaria protectora contra Babesia spp transmitida naturalmente por garrapatas, bajo condiciones extremas de campo.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus casei and a commercial mixed combination of fruit juice that included Garcinia mangostana fruit extract on body weight gain from 7 to 90 days of age, on the antibody response 23 days after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and on the mortality in fighting roosters. Fifty-four 7-day-old birds were randomly distributed into three groups (treated with L. casei, G. mangostana, and saline solution [LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively]) of 18 animals each; all birds were orally treated daily. At 60 and 90 days, the LC group showed the highest body weight gain compared with the other two groups (P<.01). The mean levels of antibody to NDV were significantly higher in the GM group compared with the LC and SS groups (P<.05). Throughout the study the percentages of mortality were 5.55%, 0%, and 22.22% for the LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively. The results indicate that L. casei and the commercial mangosteen dietary supplement intake, compared with the control group, induce beneficial effects in fighting roosters--L. casei on weight gain and the commercial mixed combination of fruit juice with G. mangostana fruit extract on humoral immune response--and both showed none or very low mortality.
