ABSTRACT
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is probably one of the infections affecting ambulatory patients for which the most diverse guidelines have been written worldwide. Most guidelines agree that antimicrobial therapy should be initially tailored according to either the severity of the infection or the presence of co-morbidity and epidemiology. Nevertheless, a great variability may be noted among different countries in the selection of first choice antimicrobial agents, even for cases considered as low-risk. This may be due to the many microbial causes of CAP and specialties involved, as well as different healthcare systems which affect the availability or cost of antibiotics. However, many countries or regions adopt some of the guidelines or design their own recommendations, regardless of the local data, probably because of the scarcity of such data. A committee composed of South American infectious diseases specialists and microbiologists, with strong interest and recognized experience in CAP, were convened to establish a working group (ConsenSur) for designing a local evidence-based practice guideline for the initial management of CAP. This supplement is intended to give a practice recommendation for the initial antimicrobial treatment of CAP upon the basis of local evidence, in the hope of procuring a suitable tool for use by the different health-care providers concerned with the management of this infection in South America or in other countries where the main considerations for CAP are comparable.
Subject(s)
Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Community-Acquired Infections/mortality , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial/mortality , South AmericaSubject(s)
Cloxacillin/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Middle Aged , Penicillin Resistance , Staphylococcal Infections/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , VirulenceSubject(s)
Nitrogen/urine , Sepsis/urine , Urea/urine , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sepsis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Seventy-six patients suffering from dyspeptic symptoms secondary to roentgenologically demonstrated delayed gastric emptying were treated with clebopride (0.5 mg TID) or with placebo during a three-month double-blind trial. Clebopride was more effective (P less than or equal to 0.001) than placebo in reducing or relieving symptoms and roentgenological findings associated with delayed gastric emptying. No interactions of clebopride with concomitant drugs or coexisting disorders were observed, and the incidence of side effects was low. We conclude that clebopride will be beneficial in the management of patients with delayed gastric emptying.
