ABSTRACT
Outbreaks of infection with gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have been linked to hospital water. We sought to determine whether point-of-use (POU) water filtration might result in decreased risk of infection in hospitalized bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients in the absence of any recognized outbreak. Unfiltered water was sampled from taps in the BMT unit of a major US teaching hospital, and cultured at a reference laboratory. POU bacterial-retentive filters (0.2 mum) were installed throughout the unit, and replaced every 14 days. Infection rates were tracked over a 9-month period, and compared with rates for a 16-month period before POU filtration. Unfiltered water samples from 50% (2 of 4) outlets sampled grew P. aeruginosa (2 of 4) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1 of 4). Clinical infection rates in the unit were significantly reduced from 1.4 total and 0.4 GNB infections per 100 patient days in the period before POU filtration to 0.18 total and 0.09 GNB infections per 100 patient days (P=0.0068 and 0.0431, respectively) in the 9-month period for which filters were in place. Infections during the POU filtration period were due to non-waterborne organisms. Point-of-use (POU) water filtration may significantly reduce infection rates in BMT recipients in the absence of any recognized outbreak.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Filtration/methods , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Hospital Units , Water Purification/methods , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Fresh Water/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Hospitals, Teaching , Humans , Incidence , Pennsylvania , Water SupplyABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to determine the safety and efficacy of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with the following diagnoses/characteristics were treated with 1-3 infusions of gemtuzumab ozogamicin at a dose of 9 mg/m2: (1) relapse of AML < or = 6 months of first complete remission (CR); (2) AML refractory to chemotherapy at initial induction or at first relapse; (3) AML in second or greater relapse; (4) myeloid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); (5) untreated patients > or = 70 years or > or = 55 years with abnormal cytogenetics (excluding inv 16, t(15;17) and t(8;21)) and/or an antecedent hematologic disorder; (6) refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEBT). Forty-three patients, ages 19-84 (mean 62), were treated, including 7 patients with untreated AML age > 70 years, 2 with untreated RAEBT, 14 with AML first salvage (first remission 0-6 months), 15 with AML > or = second salvage and 14 with myeloid blast phase of CML. The overall response rate was 14%, with 4/43 (9%) patients achieving CR and 2/43 (5%) achieving CR without platelet recovery. The most significant toxicity was neutropenic fever, which occurred in 84% of patients. In conclusion, in patients with relapsed/refractory AML, gemtuzumab ozogamicin has a comparable response rate to single-agent chemotherapy and may offer a more favorable toxicity profile.
Subject(s)
Aminoglycosides , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Antibodies, Monoclonal/toxicity , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Female , Gemtuzumab , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid/complications , Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Remission Induction , Risk Assessment , Salvage Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A rare cause of a spontaneous, life threatening coagulopathy in adults is the development of autoantibodies to factor VIII. We recently had the opportunity to treat seven patients with this disorder. After stabilization, they were given a regimen consisting of prednisone and oral cyclophosphamide. All patients had a complete response to treatment. The median time to response was three weeks. Durable remissions were achieved, making this oral regimen an acceptable treatment for this disorder.
Subject(s)
Factor VIII/immunology , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Ambulatory Care , Autoantibodies/blood , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Female , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Remission InductionABSTRACT
Tumors in the gastrointestinal system are a significant health problem for older adults. If diagnosed at an early stage, many patients are curable. At advanced stages, however, only palliative therapy can be offered. Adjuvant therapy is beneficial only in colorectal carcinoma and a small number of highly selected patients. This article describes the treatment for these cancers as it relates to the older patient population.
