High temperature superradiant phase transition in quantum structures with a complex network interface.

In the present work we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, quantum material concept, which enables superstrong and/or ultrastrong interaction of two-level systems with the photonic field in a complex network. Within the mean field approximation we examine phase transition to superradiance that results in two excitation (polariton) branches and is accompanied by the appearance of non-zero macroscopic polarization of two-level systems. We characterize the statistical properties of networks by the first, 〈k〉, and second normalized, ζ ≡ 〈k2〉/〈k〉, moments for node degree distribution. We have shown that the Rabi frequency is essentially enhanced due to the topology of the network within the anomalous domain where 〈k〉 and ζ sufficiently grow. The multichannel (multimode) structure of matter-field interaction leads superstrong coupling that provides primary behavior of the high temperature phase transition. The results obtained pave the way for the design of new photonic and polaritonic circuits, quantum networks for efficient processing quantum information at high (room) temperatures.

Mean-field theory of social laser.

In this work we suggest a novel paradigm of social laser (solaser), which can explain such Internet inspired social phenomena as echo chambers, reinforcement and growth of information cascades, enhancement of social actions under strong mass media operation. The solaser is based on a well-known in quantum physics laser model of coherent amplification of the optical field. Social networks are at the core of the solaser model; we define them by means of a network model possessing power-law degree distribution. In the solaser the network environment plays the same role as the gain medium has in a physical laser device. We consider social atoms as decision making agents (humans or even chat bots), which possess two (mental) states and occupy the nodes of a network. The solaser establishes communication between the agents as absorption and spontaneous or stimulated emission of socially actual information within echo chambers, which mimic an optical resonator of a convenient (physical) laser. We have demonstrated that social lasing represents the second order nonequilibrium phase transition, which evokes the release of coherent socially stimulated information field represented with the order parameter. The solaser implies the formation of macroscopic social polarization and results in a huge social impact, which is realized by viral information cascades occurring in the presence of population imbalance (social bias). We have shown that decision making agents follow an adiabatically time dependent mass media pump, which acts in the network community reproducing various reliable scenarios for information cascade evolution. We have also shown that in contrast to physical lasers, due to node degree peculiarities, the coupling strength of decision making agents with the network may be enhanced [Formula: see text] times. It leads to a large increase of speed, at which a viral message spreads through a social media. In this case, the mass media pump supports additional reinforcement and acceleration of cascade growth. We have revealed that the solaser model in some approximations possesses clear links with familiar Ising and SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) models typically used for evaluating a social impact and information growth, respectively. However, the solaser paradigm can serve as a new platform for modelling temporal social events, which originate from "microscopic" (quantum-like) processes occurring in the society. Our findings open new perspectives for interdisciplinary studies of distributed intelligence agents behavior associated with information exchange and social impact.

[Hyperhidrosis: treatment, results, problems]. / Gipergidroz: lechenie, rezul'taty, problemy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 166 patients aged from 15-51 years. There were 118 women and 48 men. Isolated palmar hyperhidrosis was observed in 46 patients, axillary - 46 patients, palmar-axillary - 74 cases. Video-assisted thoracic bilateral sympathectomy was performed. In patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, sympathetic chain was transected between the ribs II and III, axillary and palmar-axillary hyperhidrosis - between the ribs III and IV. RESULTS: Intraoperative injury of intercostal artery occurred in 1 case. Cautery was effective. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 (2.4%) patients (pneumothorax followed by drainage for up to 2-3 days). Symptoms of hyperhidrosis disappeared early after surgery in all cases. Long-term results were followed in 47 patients. Persistent positive effect and patient satisfaction with postoperative outcome were noted in 44 (93.6%) cases. Recurrences occurred in 2 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis and 1 patient with axillary hyperhidrosis for the period from 2 weeks to 6 months. Compensatory sweating developed in 26 (55.3%) patients (within several weeks up to 6 months). Mild compensatory sweating occurred in 17 patients, moderate - 8 patients, severe - 1 patient. Compensatory sweating was more common in patients with axillary and palmar-axillary hyperhidrosis compared to those with isolated palmar hyperhidrosis (p<0.05). We found no significant difference in the incidence of compensatory sweating depending on the level of sympathetic chain intersection (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: An effectiveness of thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis is obvious. Compensatory sweating is the main undesirable consequence of this surgery. Prediction and prevention of compensatory sweating are not possible. It is imperative to warn the patient about possible compensatory sweating.

[Role of the intensive care in treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia].

AIM: Remission induction can be associate, with the life threatening complications and transfer to ICU of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (pts). We evaluate influence of transfer to ICU and life threatening complication on early mortality and long - tram survival of de novo AML pts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study. All de novo AML pts younger than 60 years old admitted in the National Research Center for Hematology from 2013 to 2016 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: pts who were required ICU admission during remission induction (ICU-pts) and pts who did not require ICU admission and received chemotherapy only in hematology ward (non-ICU pts). The reasons for ICU admissions and results of life support were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, long rank value p.

[Bronchial fistula management. Is the exit found?] / Lechenie bronkhial'nykh svishchei. Vykhod naiden?

AIM: To present treatment of bronchial fistulas by using of occluders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the period from March 2015 to October 2016 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) occluders have been used for bronchial fistulas occlusion (Lepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd.; Lifetech Scientific Co., Ltd.). These are devices designed to close ventricular and atrial septal defects. The procedure was performed in 8 patients with main bronchus fistula occurred after pulmonectomy for tuberculosis in 5 patients and lung cancer in 3 patients. Fistulas' dimensions were 6-26 mm. The procedure was performed with double visualization from pleural cavity (through the thoracostomy and port-assisted approach) and from bronchial lumen. RESULTS: Seven out of 8 patients are currently alive (1 patient died from advanced tuberculosis of single lung). Occlusion is adequate in 6 patients, air drainage around around the occluder is noted in 1 patient. In 1 patient esophageal-pleural fistula occurred besides bronchial fistula. There was significant 2-3-fold decrease of residual pleural cavities volume and output volume. Patients feel satisfactory.

[EBV-positive central nervous system lymphoproliferative disease associated with immunosuppression after organ transplantation: Long-term remission without chemotherapy]. / Limfoproliferativnoe EBV-pozitivnoe zabolevanie s porazheniem tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy, assotsiirovannoe s immunosupressiei posle organnoi transplantatsii: dlitel'naia remissiia posle khimioterapevticheskogo lecheniia.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas account for 13-20% of the posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and rank among the most aggressive conditions. Reduction of immunosuppressive therapy should be mandatory to treat PTLD, but this is rarely used as the only therapy option. Chemotherapy regimens for PTLD involving the CNS most commonly include high-dose rituximab and high-dose methotrexate and/or cytarabine. The efficiency only of discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy for PTLD does not exceed 5-10%, but there are no literature data on its efficiency for PTLD involving the CNS. The paper describes a clinical case of achieving long-term remission in a female patient with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the central nervous system, associated with immunosuppression after kidney transplantation from a related donor, in the absence of chemotherapy during immunosuppressive therapy discontinuation and transplantectomy.

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS WITH ESCAPE MUTATIONS IN S-gene G145R AND S143L.

BACKGROUND: In terms of serological properties and immunization, the wild type of HBsAg HBV and its G145R mutant behave as different antigens. This testifies to serious structural changes, which presumably could have a significant impact on the morphogenesis of virions and subviral particles. Nevertheless, morphological and ultrastructural investigations of HBV with G145R mutation have not been carried yet. OBJECTIVES: Research of structural and morphological organization of HBV in the presence of the G145R escape mutation. METHODS: Studies of sera, purified viruses and recombinant HBsAg were carried out by transmission electron microscopy by the method of negative staining and indirect reaction of immunelabeling using monoclonal antibodies of different specificity. Specimens of wild type HBV and HBV with S143L mutation obtained in an identical manner were used as the control. RESULTS: The presence of typical virus particles of HBV was shown in the specimens of wild strain and HBV with S143L mutation. Specimens of HBV with G145R mutation were characterized by expressed morphological heterogeneity. In the initial serum and in the specimen of purified virus containing G145R mutant, large oval particles 60-70 nm and up to 200 nm in size, respectively, were found. The presence of antigen structures of HBV in all heterogeneous forms was confirmed. It was shown that forming of subviral particles in the process of expression of the recombinant HBsAg with G145R mutation depends on conditions of expression and purification of the protein. They can vary from well-formed circular and oval particles to practically unstructured fine-grained masses. CONCLUSION: Direct data on the impact of G145R escape-mutation in S-gene, in contrast to S143L mutation, on the morphogenesis of virions and subviral particles of HBV were obtained.

[Bronchial fistulae after pneumonectomy for lung cancer].

Fistula of bronchial stump developed in 246 (9.4%) cases of 2614 patients who were underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer in 1964-2013. Mortality rate in case of bronchial fistulae was 17.9%. It was analyzed causes of this complication, an important role of infection for its development was emphasized. So prevention of wound infection is main prophylactic action. Postoperative pneumonia and bleeding are considerable risk factors. Clinico-anatomical type of tumor, stage and technique of bronchial stump treating don't affect incidence of fistulae. Bronchial stump covering is important intraoperative preventive measure. Treatment of this complication includes early drainage and pleural cavity sanitation and isolation of fistula from pleural cavity. Endoscopic procedures (impact with silver nitrate, trichloroacetic acid, laser) are preferred to solve the last problem. It allowed to achieve fistulae healing in 58.1% of cases.

[Development of diagnostic test system based on fluorescent polarization immunoassay method for detection of antibodies to HCV nucleocapsid protein].

The antigen activity of the synthetic fluorescently labeled peptides, overlapping immunoresponsive epitops a.a. 7-19, 20-34 from N-end part and a.a. 73-85 from the central area of the nucleocapsid protein of C hepatitis virus, was tested using the method of fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA) with 40 samples of the blood serum of patients with viral C hepatitis. A comparative study of analytic characteristics of FPIA method was performed, based on the application of synthesized peptides, as well as of the commercial ELISA test system (BEST anti-HCV-test 4, Vector Best Ltd.). The performed research revealed that the developed method has a high specificity and sensitivity level. The comparability of summary FPIA results with the commercial ELISA test system was 85%, which evidences the prospects of further research in this direction. The principal possibility of the application of the polarization fluorescent immunoassay for the determination of antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of the C hepatitis virus in clinical serum samples was demonstrated.

Formation of metallic magnetic clusters in a Kondo-lattice metal: evidence from an optical study.

Magnetic materials are usually divided into two classes: those with localised magnetic moments, and those with itinerant charge carriers. We present a comprehensive experimental (spectroscopic ellipsomerty) and theoretical study to demonstrate that these two types of magnetism do not only coexist but complement each other in the Kondo-lattice metal, Tb(2)PdSi(3). In this material the itinerant charge carriers interact with large localised magnetic moments of Tb(4f) states, forming complex magnetic lattices at low temperatures, which we associate with self-organisation of magnetic clusters. The formation of magnetic clusters results in low-energy optical spectral weight shifts, which correspond to opening of the pseudogap in the conduction band of the itinerant charge carriers and development of the low- and high-spin intersite electronic transitions. This phenomenon, driven by self-trapping of electrons by magnetic fluctuations, could be common in correlated metals, including besides Kondo-lattice metals, Fe-based and cuprate superconductors.

[ERIAD mass spectrometry (electrospray with controlled fragmentation) is the common method for metallomics and biochemistry of elementoorganic molecules].

The physical aspects of the ERIAD method (electrospray with controlled fragmentation) in terms of the problems of metallomics and biochemistry of elementoorganic compounds have been considered. It was shown that the method is well suited to study the objects of this class since it enables one to change from the molecular to the elemental analysis merely by changing the voltage between the nozzle and the skimmer. In the regime of molecular analysis, it is possible to determine the mass of the molecule as a whole and decipher its structure by controlled fragmentation, and in the regime of elemental analysis the number of atoms of heteroelements incorporated in the molecule can be quantified.

SiC/C nanocomposites with inverse opal structure.

The synthesis, morphology, structural and optical characteristics of SiC/C nanocomposites with an inverse opal lattice have been investigated. The samples were prepared by thermochemical treatment of opal matrices filled with carbon compounds which was followed by silicon dioxide dissolution. The samples were studied by electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, IR and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The electron microscopy data revealed a highly porous periodic structure which was a three-dimensional replica of the voids of the initial opal lattice. The hexagonal silicon carbide was found to be non-uniformly distributed throughout the volume, its greater part located in the surface layer up to 50 µm deep. The data of x-ray diffraction, IR and Raman scattering spectroscopy enabled us to assume that the composite had hexagonal diamond fragments. The photoluminescence and optical reflection spectra of the composites have been measured.

[Results of treatment for recurrent cancer of the uterine cervix].

The investigation involved 285 patients suffering from recurrences and distant metastases of uterine carcinoma cases of 24% of all (primary tumor). All recurrences generally occurred 12-20 months after the beginning of specialized therapy in 3.3-40%, with 78.3% detected within the first 24 months. Relapse was reported mostly in groups in which a single modality was used: surgery (32.4%) or radiotherapy (24.7%). Local recurrence rate for primary squamous cell tumor was 53.6%, adenocarcinoma - 6.3% and poorly-differentiated cell carcinoma - 4.9%. Complete regression of relapse following combined treatment was reported in 19% versus 14% and 4% after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. Moreover, more apparent responses were registered as a result of combinations of modalities (69%) as compared with 26% and 20% for radio- and chemotherapy, respectively.

[Comparative analysis of laboratory methods for differential diagnosis of early HIV infection].

The study deals with the current topical problem in the development of a laboratory algorithm for the detection of early stages of HIV infection and for the creation of a monitoring system on this basis for the spread of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. The paper presents the results of experimental examination of the most accessible health care methods for the differential diagnosis of early HIV infection, by using the test systems in Russia and gives practical recommendations on their application.

[Assessment of sensitivity of commercial test-systems for HBsAg immunodetection according to their ability to detect HBsAg-mutants of hepatitis B virus].

Comparative study of widely distributed on Russian market commercial test-systems for HBsAg detection by enzyme immunoassay was performed. Panel of serum samples containing mutant forms of HBsAg was developed for the study. It showed that only 2 out of 7 studied test-systems are able to detect mutant forms of HBsAg with the same sensitivity as "wild-type" forms of HBsAg. Test-systems based only on monoclonal antibodies did not detect HBsAg with G145R substitution in concentration 5 ng/ml. The study confirms the relevance of problem of HBsAg-mutants detection for hepatitis B immunodiagnostics.

Single quantum dot controlled lasing effects in high-Q micropillar cavities.

Lasing effects based on individual quantum dots have been investigated in optically pumped high-Q micropillar cavities. We demonstrate a lowering of the threshold pump power from a off-resonance value of 37 microW to 18 microW when an individual quantum dot exciton is on-resonance with the cavity mode. Photon correlation studies below and above the laser threshold confirm the single dot influence. At resonance we observe antibunching with g((2))(0) = 0.36 at low excitation, which increases to 1 at about 1.5 times the threshold. In the off-resonant case, g((2))(0) is about 1 below and above threshold.

[Interaction of calcium drug and vitamin D3 with some medicines used in coronary heart disease therapy].

130 young and middle age patients of both sexes with chronic form of coronary heart disease: functional class II-III stable exertional angina pectoris including functional class I-III chronic cardiac insufficiency were studied. In protocol 1 cured 70 patients (48 (68.6%) males and 22 (31.4%) females) 32-59 years of age (medium age was 48.4 +/- 3.25 years) with coronary heart disease. In protocol 2 (with prescription of calcium-D3) cured 60 patients (40 (66.7%) males and 20 (33.3%) females) 34-58 years of age (medium age was 47.8 +/- 3.12 years) with coronary heart disease. The groups were comparable on key parameters of disease. All patients had alimentary calcium deficit and (or) risk factors of osteoporosis, instrumental signs (X-ray filming and densitometry) of initial or evident osteoporosis. Correction of alimentary calcium deficit was realized by prescription of 1-3 tablets of calcium- Ds in different food intakes. Positive dynamics in decrease of functional class of angina pectoris and nitroglycerin requirement in both groups was noticed. Negative influence of calcium- D3 on studied indices of coronary heart disease severity was absent. The thirst and dry mouth in patients, who took furosemide, in group 1 were noticed against the background of body weight decrease (p < 0.05) and increase of diuresis. Decrease of the therapy antiarrhythmic action (p < 0.05) in patients, who took hydrochlorothiazide, was noticed too. It leaded to needs of furosemide and hydrochlorothiatide dose correction in protocol 1. In whole use of calcium- D3 together with anti-ischemic drugs in patients with chronic forms of coronary heart disease did not impair clinical course of angina pectoris and did not decrease efficiency of coronary heart disease therapy.

[Algorithm of serologic screening and assessment of prevalence of serologically meaningful mutations of HBsAg in hepatitis B virus carriers].

Algorithm of serologic screening for HBsAg-mutants in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with high level of HBsAg was developed which is based on the detection of defects of interactions of serum HBsAg with monoclonal anti-HBs realizing as a decrease of ELISA sensitivity in 10 times or more during serial 10-fold dilutions. During 1st stage commercial test-systems based on monoclonal antibodies was used to select serum samples with discrepancy of test results. During 2nd stage HBsAg contained in selected sera was analyzed by the panel of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HBs conjugates using decrease in ELISA sensitivity as a criterion. Serum samples from 2510 chronic carriers of HBV with high level of HBsAg were studied. 19 samples with discrepant results were found. Subsequent characterization of HBsAg with panel of 11 monoclonal and 1 polyclonal conjugates allowed to distinguish groups of sera with specific serologic "portraits". Atypical features of HBsAg were confirmed by genotyping 9 of 19 samples. Analysis of primary nucleotide sequence revealed serologically meaningful mutations in S-gene of HBV in all 9 isolates: 3 of them contained substitution mutation G145R, 5--S143L, and one--T143M. Distribution of mutations in HBsAg corresponded with specific serologic "portraits". Prevalence of HBsAg mutations in HBV carriers with high level of HBsAg was assessed for the first time: prevalence of G145R, S143L/T143M mutations, and all serologically atypical variants was 0.12%, 0.24%, and 0.76% respectively. Developed algorithm was proposed for epidemiologic monitoring of HBsAg-mutants of HBVand control of diagnostic test-systems.

[Modulation of NMDA-receptor efficiency by intracellular agents]. / Moduliatsiia éffektivnosti NMDA-retseptorov vnutrikletochnymi agentami.

Glutamate in one of the principle transmitters in the CNS. Ionotropic receptors of glutamate selectively activated by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) play an important role in the processes of development, learning, memory etc. Hyperactivation of these receptors is responsible for a number of pathological processes. Due to their importance, the NMDA receptors are subjected to strong modulatory influences of different modulatory systems of the brain. Modulation of the NMDA receptor efficiency by extracellular factors is well known and described in a number of reviews, while their modulation by intracellular factors is less known and has not yet been reviewed. This review presents the experimental data concerning a modulatory control of the NMDA receptors by intracellular factors. Some of these factors are: phosphorylation by protein kinases (PK) C, A, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent PK II, tyrosine kinases; dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases 1, 2A, 2B; interaction with regulatory peptides and cytoskeleton; influence of surrounding lipids etc. Interaction between these factors creates a labile intracellular system, which efficiently modulates activity of the NMDA receptors mediating the activity of different extracellular active compounds (neurotransmitters, neurotoxins, drugs etc.). A cheme summarizing different intracellular pathways of modulation of the NMDA receptor efficiency is described.