ABSTRACT
Flow cytometric analysis of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers of myeloid cells has been used in conjunction with cell morphology to diagnose chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In the present study, 16 cases of CML were studied for levels of expression of myeloid markers CD15, CD13, CD33, and CALLA, i.e., CD10 which is also expressed on mature granulocytes. In 11 (68.8%) of 16 cases, a differentiated granulocyte population was detected that showed decreased expression of both CD10 and CD13. CD10 was found to be negative in 1 (6.3%) case and showed decreased expression in 10 (62.5%) of the cases. CD13 showed decreased expression in 11 (68.8%) of the 16 cases. Of the 15 cases analyzed for CD15, 2 (13.3%) were negative and 6 (40%) showed decreased expression. Of the 11 cases which showed simultaneous diminished expression of CD10 and CD13, 8 (72.7%) also showed decreased expression of CD15. Of the antigens studied, CD33 was the only one to be consistently expressed at normal levels, i.e., 13 (81.3%) cases demonstrated normal expression. Therefore, these results point to frequently decreased expression levels of CD10, CD13, and CD15 and rarely decreased expression levels of CD33 in association with CML.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/genetics , CD13 Antigens/genetics , Granulocytes/pathology , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology , Lewis X Antigen/genetics , Neprilysin/genetics , Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics , Cell Differentiation , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3ABSTRACT
Flow cytometric analysis of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers in abnormal lymphocyte populations is crucial in the diagnosis of precursor T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested immunophenotype for pre-T ALL/LBL typically includes the expression of TdT, cCD3, and CD7, while CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD10 are variably expressed. The myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 are usually positive, whereas CD117 and cCD79a are infrequently expressed. Furthermore, there is frequent dual expression of CD4 and CD8. In the present investigation, 19 cases of pre-TALL/LBL were analyzed for selected CD marker expression. Fifteen of 19 cases studied were evaluated for TdT, cCD3, and cCD79a expression. Eleven (73.3%) positively expressed TdT, 15 (100%) positively expressed cCD3, and 9 (60%) positively expressed cCD79a. Of the 17 cases analyzed for CD7, CD5, and CD10 expression, CD7 and CD5 were positive in all 17 (100%) cases, whereas CD10 was positive in 8 (47.1%) cases. Of the 18 cases evaluated for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, and dual expression of CD4 and CD8, CD2 was expressed in 14 (77.8%), while CD3 was expressed in 7 (38.9%) cases. CD4 was positive in 11 (61.1%), and CD8 was expressed in 9 (50%). Dual expression of CD4 and CD8 occurred in only 4 (22.2%) of the cases. Of the 16 analyzed for CD13, CD33, and CD117, only 1 case (6.3%) expressed CD13, while 2 (12.5%) cases expressed CD33 and CD117. Thus, these data point to the need for a more extensive study to reevaluate the current WHO defined immunophenotype used in the diagnosis of pre-TALL/LBL.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/metabolism , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/immunology , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Breast cancer is currently the third most common cause of cancer in the world. Circulating tumor antigens are often used as a minimally invasive tool for noting breast cancer progression. The objective of this study was to compare four tumor antigens (CA 15-3, CA 27.29, alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], and carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]) for their diagnostic efficacy in breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that CA 15-3 would proved to be superior to CA 27.29, CEA, and AFP in assay performance. Tumor marker assays were performed according to the manufacturers' directions. Assays used in this study were CA 15-3 and CA 27.29 (Fujirebio Diagnostics/Centocor Inc.), AFP (Abbott Inc.), and CEA (Hybritech Inc.). A total of 554 patient samples were obtained from an area hospital, plus 200 healthy adult samples which were used for the determination of normal reference intervals. The patients included patients with no disease (184), with non-malignant disease (11), with breast cancer (87), and with other types of cancer (272). Diagnostic percent sensitivities for each marker were: CA 15-3 (63%), CA 27.29 (39%), CEA (22%), and AFP (22%). Diagnostic specificities for each marker were comparable, ranging from 80-88%. Analytical parameters were evaluated for the assays and compared favorably. We concluded that CA 15-3 was the best tumor antigen for use as a diagnostic aid and monitoring agent.
