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Cad. psicopedag ; 7(13): 70-89, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-53630

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo busca contribuir al estudio de las dificultades lectoras en niños que crecen en contextos de pobreza. Al comenzar el 1er año escolar se evaluó a 60 niños con pruebas de sensibilidad fonológica, memoria fonológica, denominación rápida, conocimiento de letras, lectura y escritura de palabras familiares, reconocimiento de acciones lectoras, vocabulario e inteligencia no verbal. Al finalizar el año se identificó a dos grupos: 25 buenos lectores y 24 malos lectores. Se comparó retrospectivamente su perfil cognitivo inicial. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en vocabulario, reconocimiento de acciones lectoras e inteligencia no verbal, pero sí en el procesamiento fonológico y el conocimiento alfabético. Asimismo, se encontró que la diferencia entre grupos en la lectura y escritura de palabras familiares se ampliaba durante el año. Se considera que las dificultades de los niños son el resultado de la interacción entre factores cognitivos y características del proceso de instrucción escolar.(AU)


This paper explores the reading difficulties of children growing in poverty. At the beginning of the 1st school year, 60 children were given tests of phonological sensitivity, phonological memory, rapid naming, letter knowledge, reading and spelling of familiar words, identification of reading actions, vocabulary and non verbal intelligence. At the end of the year two groups were identified: 25 good readers and 24 poor readers and their initial cognitive profiles were retrospectively compared. No statistically significant differences were found in vocabulary knowledge, intelligence or identification of reading actions. There were significant differences in phonological processing and alphabetic knowledge. Additionally, the performance gap between good and poor readers widened during the year. These results were interpreted as indication that the difficulties of children growing in poverty are the consequence of the interaction between cognitive factors and school instruction.(AU)

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