Surgical excision of an ameloblastic odontoma in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

A surgical approach used for removal of maxillary tumors in humans was modified to excise a maxillary tumor in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). This is an effective technique for excising tumors, recovering fractured canine teeth, or other health problems of the maxillary region in Macaca sp. The described approach limits facial disfigurement and enhances the probability of return to required function for future research utilization. This approach minimizes the extensive degree of post-operative intensive care.

Cardiopulmonary effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate in sheep.

The cardiopulmonary, sedative and analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and nalbuphine hydrochloride were evaluated in six adult crossbred Dorset sheep (Ovis aries). The animals were divided randomly into two groups of three. The first group received butorphanol tartrate (0.5mg/Kg s.c.) followed in 3 days by nalbuphine hydrochloride (1 mg/Kg, s.c.). The second group received nalbuphine followed in 3 days by butorphanol. Cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated at baseline (once the animal had accommodated to restraint); immediately following analgesic administration; and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after analgesic administration. No significant changes (alpha greater than .05) from baseline were seen in any of the measured cardiopulmonary parameters from either the butorphanol or nalbuphine groups. Butorphanol produced the most dramatic analgesic and sedative effects with onset of both within 15 minutes of administration and peak effects occurring 30 minutes post injection. The degree of analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes while the sedative effect returned to near baseline by 90 minutes. The nalbuphine group also showed an onset of analgesia 15 minutes post injection reaching a peak effect after 30 minutes. However, onset of sedation occurred 30 minutes post injection achieving a peak effect at 60 minutes which was markedly less than that of butorphanol. As in the butorphanol group, analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes.

A paracostal approach for splenectomy in the sheep.

A modified left paracostal approach was developed to splenectomize sheep. This approach was found to be superior to the described approaches for removal of the spleen by rib resection. Since the diaphragm is in close approximation to the last rib, resection of the last rib can result in entry of the thoracic cavity, which will complicate the surgical procedure. Furthermore, rib resection necessitates the use of analgesics, due to the pain commonly associated with any orthopedic procedure, and thereby extends postoperative recovery time. The paracostal abdominal approach provides excellent exposure, ease of manipulation, reduced anesthetic time, and fewer related problems such as postoperative pain control and thoracic evacuation. A major benefit of the paracostal approach is the minimal need for analgesic support as evidenced by the animals' rapid return to normal function. This bypasses the need for extended recovery, as required in the rib resection approach, and allows earlier utilization of the animal for research.

Serum biochemical, hematological and body measurement data for common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).

Blood samples were drawn and body measurements taken from healthy adult and juvenile common marmosets which had been housed under controlled environmental conditions for a minimum of 2 years. Blood was analyzed for serum biochemical and hematological constituents.

Qualitative microtest for atropine esterase.

Seventy-three rabbits, 97 rats, and 124 guinea pigs were tested for the presence of atropine esterase by a new microhematocrit tube test, and the results were identical to those obtained by the agar plate test. Atropine esterase was present in 24 rabbits but was absent in all rats and guinea pigs. The microhematocrit tube test was simpler, faster, and less expensive to perform and as accurate as the agar plate test.

Measles virus antibodies in a laboratory colony of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus).

Serologic testing revealed that 17/84 (20.2%) of bought-in Aotus and 1/31 (3.2%) of colony-born Aotus had haemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Clinically-inapparent measles infections were detected in 3 monkeys by increased antibody titres. Following the detection of a recent infection, antibody titre persisted at a high level for at least 240 days. Although 84% of the monkeys were sero-susceptible, no further serological evidence of measles infection occurred.

Studies of respiratory disease in random-source laboratory dogs: viral infections in unconditioned dogs.

A prospective study was conducted to identify the viruses causing respiratory diseases in unconditioned, random-source dogs. During the quarantine period, respiratory disease occurred in 86 of 167 (52%) dogs, and 34 (21%) died. Most affected dogs had a distemper-like illness which required extensive and prolonged care. Histopathologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of canine distemper in 10 of 12 (83%) fatal infections examined. Sixty-seven of 91 (74%) dogs which arrived without canine distemper antibody became ill, and 30 (32%) died. In contrast, only 16 of 67 (24%) dogs with canine distemper antibody had respiratory disease, and only 3 (4%) died. Parainfluenza SV5 and canine adenovirus--type II were recovered from 27 of 54 and 22 of 54 sick dogs, respectively. Canine herpesviruses, canine coronaviruses, and canine parvoviruses were less frequently isolated. Increased antibody titers to SV5 were found consistently, and rises in titer to the other viruses were demonstrated. Many of the sick dogs were infected with two or more viruses. Although several viral agents were detected during these epizootics, prevention of canine distemper appeared to be the key to controlling severe, prolonged, and often fatal respiratory disease.