Chronic Refractory Cough: Long-Term Outcomes Following Cough Suppression Therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of patients with chronic refractory cough (CRC) following treatment for cough suppression therapy (CST). Currently, there is a lack of objective data regarding the long-term outcome of behavioral treatment for CRC. METHODS: From the charts of 106 adult patients diagnosed with CRC, 24 patients were identified as having long-term data at least 3 months post-CST in the form of otolaryngologic examination, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), and Cough Severity Index (CSI) scores. Patients underwent otolaryngologic evaluation and completed the VHI-10 and CSI assessments during pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term follow-up visits. Patients were also divided into two groups based on their number of comorbidities. RESULTS: Twenty of the 24 patients had significant reduction in cough severity after completing CST (P < 0.001). A significant difference was also found in CSI scores from pretherapy to the long-term follow-up visits (P = 0.001). No significant difference was found in CSI scores from posttherapy to long-term follow-up visits (P = 0.93). No significant difference was found in VHI-10 scores over time (P = 0.83). No correlation was found between changes in cough and voice severity and number of comorbidities at the tested level. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of no significant change in CRC over the long term compared to posttherapy measures suggest that patients were able to maintain improvement in cough over the long term despite various comorbidities. The current results suggest that CST represents a satisfactory approach to treating CRC and provides patients with an ongoing tool to maintain reduced cough severity. No significant correlations between number of comorbidities and mean CSI or VHI-10 scores were found over the long term.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pulmonologists Working at Non-ILD Centers in the United States.

The purpose of this cross-sectional short report study was to evaluate the perception of pulmonologist working in noninterstitial lung disease centers on challenges (COE) encountered in daily practice. Results of this survey revealed that only 40% of their patients are referred to an ILD COE, out of 69% who have access to an ILDCOE. Of these patients who were referred, the perceived benefits were rated high when it comes to having an accurate diagnosis.

"Seems Like There Is No Stopping Point at All Whatsoever": A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Public Health Workforce Perception on COVID-19 Pandemic Management and Future Needs.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a highly contagious novel virus called SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant global morbidity and mortality, with disproportionate burden among frontline workers. While the current empirical body of evidence highlights reported depression, burnout, moral injury, compassion fatigue, and post-traumatic stress among healthcare workers, similar assessment among the public health workforce is limited. Given work-related pressure of rapid pandemic management strategies, risk of exposure, potential fatigue, etc., understanding the caregiver burden of the public health workforce is critical. Methods: This study used a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Participants were recruited using a mix of both convenience and snowball sampling. All data were collected virtually and kept anonymous. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 28, and all qualitative results were thematically analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Results: Among the study participants, nearly 65% reported that their personal lives were impacted due to providing COVID-19 related services. Furthermore, a majority (88%) reported poor sleep health, including low daytime wakefulness, while 24% reported serious psychological distress. Qualitative analysis demonstrated several emergent themes, with central themes indicative of the need for paradigm shift in capacity building for public health emergency preparedness that integrates caregiver support. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of addressing the caregiver burden experienced by public health and related workforces during public health emergencies.

Triple Jeopardy of Minority Status, Social Stressors, and Health Disparities on Academic Performance of College Students.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the role of minority status, as well as pandemic-related social stressors and health disparities on short- and long-term academic performances of college students. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis using descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to identify participants of minority status as well as pandemic-related prevalence of social stressors and health disparities and their roles on academic performance. Results: Poor academic performance was significantly related to being food insecure, experiences of discrimination, serious psychological distress, and low daytime wakefulness during the pandemic but only significantly based on minority status. Grade point average was significantly associated with serious psychological problems among males, independent of race/ethnicity identity. Conclusions: Institutes of higher education, when tasked with developing post-pandemic policies to address equity gaps in academic success, may benefit their students by integrating system-wide holistic approach to support, including interventions on basic needs support and health and resilience building.

The Diagnosis and Time of Onset of Voice Disorders in Patients with Chronic Cough.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic cough is a complaint of up to 46% of patients referred to specialist clinics. Patients with cough often report hoarseness at the time of the cough diagnosis. When the cough fails to resolve with standard medications, referrals to other specialists including otolaryngologists are made. This is the first study to report the specific diagnosis and length of time it took to obtain a specific voice disorder diagnosis in patients with chronic cough. STUDY DESIGN: Case Series METHODS: The charts of 105 patients referred to the Loma Linda Voice and Swallowing Center were reviewed. The first complaint of cough and/or hoarseness and the specific voice disorder diagnosis following otolaryngologic evaluation were identified. Voice disorders were divided into neurogenic or other/functional disorders and common comorbidities were identified. Statistical analysis between diagnostic groups, gender, and age were obtained. RESULTS: The specific voice disorders in the cohort were identified. There was a high prevalence of neurogenic voice disorders (n = 85, 81%). There were significant relationships between chronic cough and the two most common neurogenic voice disorders, vocal fold paresis and vocal fold atrophy. The average length of time between complaint of hoarseness and the specific voice disorder diagnosis was 32.3 months. Most patients (86%) complained of voice problems after diagnosis of chronic cough. A significant association was found in prevalence of asthma (OR = 4.52, P = 0.02) and dyspnea (OR = 4.24, P = 0.02) in the cohort who presented first with voice complaints and later developed chronic cough. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of neurogenic voice disorders accompanying patients with chronic cough. Understanding the relationship between chronic cough and hoarseness provides the clinician with specific diagnostic information in the treatment of both disorders.

"We've Always Been Kind of Kicked to the Curb": A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Discrimination Experiences among College Students.

Background: Experiences of discrimination are prevalent among minority populations, although often empirical evidence does not provide depth into the source and types of discrimination, such as racial/ethnic, gender-based, age, etc. The goal of this study was to assess the unique patterns, types, and sources of discrimination experiences that college students face and explore the role these experiences play in their mental health. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was utilized. Quantitative assessment of college students from a Hispanic and minority-serving institution was conducted to evaluate experiences of discrimination and its association to physical health and mental health (including psychological distress), as well as food insecurity, a marker for poverty. Next, qualitative data were thematically analyzed to further provide an in depth understanding on the sources of such experiences, types of discriminations, as well as the impact on mental health. Results: Results of the quantitative assessment highlight that discrimination was prevalent among the population with a higher everyday discrimination score significantly associated with serious psychological distress, low mental health status, low physical health status, and being food insecure. Further, most of the participants reported that they felt discriminated due to their appearance, with race/ethnicity and skin color as next most commonly cited reasons. Qualitative assessment further demonstrates distinct types of discrimination experiences from a variety of sources. Within a family, colorism and having an American accent while speaking a native language was a predominant source, while among peers, having a non-American accent was a primary source of discrimination experiences. Such experiences based on elitism, gender, and age (being younger) from the workplace were prevalent among the target population. Finally, feelings of isolation, not belonging, as well as negative impact on self-efficacy and self-worth were noted. Conclusion: Experiences of discrimination are prevalent among college students, including from within family and peers. To improve mental health outcomes of such a population, campus-based measures are needed to promote resiliency and social support, as well as community-based initiatives to promote workplace training to create inclusive environments for younger generations entering the workforce.

Unmet Healthcare Needs among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for System-Wide and Structural Changes for Service Delivery.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students faced health disparities in addition to a negative burden on academic performance; however, little is reported in the literature regarding healthcare utilization. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among consenting college student participants aged 18 or older from a Hispanic-serving institution. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics and the types of healthcare services needed by such characteristics. Logistic regression was used to adjust for noted sex differences in associations between reporting limited healthcare services and types of healthcare services. RESULTS: The study population of 223 participants was mostly Hispanic/Latino (65%) and female (73%). Of the population, 11% reported they could not obtain needed healthcare services, with time being reported as the most common reason. Significant associations were found between seeking general healthcare services/routine screening, seeking mental health services, and seeking sexual health services with reporting limited healthcare services, with sex-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.36), 3.21 (95% CI: 1.44, 4.15), and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.05, 6.35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Availability and inability to obtain health services may exacerbate college student health disparities. Targeted interventions are needed in the population to mitigate the potential burdens of unmet healthcare needs, particularly among minority college students.

COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Sleep and Mental Health Disparities among Students at a Hispanic and Minority-Serving Institution.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly all sectors of our population, including college students, who continue to share disproportionate rate of disparities. In this study, we aimed to identity key sleep health characteristics, including markers for obstructive sleep apnea, as well as its relation to mental health, physical health, and academic performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design with online survey dissemination was used. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted among a predominantly minority population. RESULTS: Results show that nearly 78% of the population reported that the pandemic impacted their mental or physical health, while over 83% reported daytime tiredness/fatigue/sleepiness, and another 61% reported sleeping less than seven hours during weekdays. Among other associations, pandemic-related poor sleep health, including sleeping less than seven hours, was associated with daytime tiredness/fatigue/sleepiness, psychological distress, as well as low mental health and physical health. A severe marker for obstructive sleep apnea, having stopped breathing during sleep, was also associated with psychological distress during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep health interventions are critical for optimizing college student health and well-being, including improving mental health outcomes.

Early Initiation of Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine Infusion in Adults with Vaso-Occlusive Crises Is Associated with Greater Reduction in Sickle Cell Pain Intensity: A Single Center's Experience.

OBJECTIVES: Recurrent, severely painful episodes, known as vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) and the primary reason for hospitalization. Opioids have been the gold standard for VOC treatment without significant improvement pain outcomes. To aid analgesia and combat opioid related adverse effects (ORAEs), some SCD clinicians have trialed infusions of sub-anesthetic ketamine along with opioids to treat VOCs. In this retrospective analysis, we compared adult SCD patients who received early vs late adjunctive sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions for VOCs. METHODS: We identified adult SCD patients (age 18-50 years) who presented to Duke University with a VOC and received sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions from July 2015 to June 2019. We assessed both daily opioid consumption (measured as oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME)) and self-reported 0-10 numeric pain ratings (NPR) at 1, 2, and 3 days after infusion initiation, as well as 1 day after discontinuation. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were identified with a median age of 30 years. Compared to late administration, early infusion of sub-anesthetic ketamine was associated with a 24.5% (P = .0003) and 25.9% (P = .0006) reduction, respectively, in median NPR at 1 day and 2 days after infusion initiation but did not persist at 3 days following initiation of the infusion. A statistically significant reduction in MME was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In a nonrandomized study of sickle cell patients with VOCs, early sub-anesthetic ketamine infusion led to greater reduction in subjective pain intensity than late initiation of the infusion. Randomized studies should further explore whether early vs late ketamine infusion improves management of acute SCD pain.

Sex-Specific Association between Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Asthma Severity among Adults with Current Asthma.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke has been associated with negative health outcomes, including those with chronic respiratory illnesses, such as asthma. This study aimed to assess the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), as well as tobacco use (cigarette and electronic cigarettes), on asthma severity among adults with current asthma, with stratification by sex to understand potential biological sex differences. METHODS: The study population consisted of Californian adults 18 years or older with self-reported physician/health care diagnosis of asthma and still having current asthma from 2020 California Health Interview Survey. All descriptive statistics and analyses were sex-stratified and survey-weighted. Crosstabulations were used to understand the association between asthma attack and ETS or firsthand smoke exposure, while binary logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of ETS exposure, current smoking status, and control variables on asthma attack in the past 12 months, with a sub-analysis among non-smoking adults with asthma. RESULTS: Among the primary variable of interest, 35% of males and 30% of females reported ETS exposure in the past 12 months, while 13% of males and 6% of females reported being a current smoker. Past year asthma attack was reported among 43% and 55% of males and females, respectively. Among males, after adjusting for all control variables, asthma attack was significantly higher among those with ETS exposure (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-3.02) and among current smokers (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.49, 9.81). Male non-smokers with ETS exposure had a 109% higher odds of asthma attack, compared to non-exposure individuals. CONCLUSION: Using a population-based survey, our results highlight the ongoing burden of tobacco use and exposure particularly among males with current asthma, further corroborate the literature on the relationship between tobacco and asthma, and highlight putative sex-specific outcomes.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Behavioral Risk Takers.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a major public health issue, with vaccines serving as a vital preventive strategy to lower the global burden. Yet, despite national and local mandates, key sectors of the population continue to demonstrate lower compliance rates. In the United States, young adults have the lowest vaccination rates among the adult population. The goal of our study was to utilize the largest state-health survey to assess the key determinants of such hesitancy in order to create targeted interventions for the most at-risk groups to ensure equitable outcomes in disease prevention. We utilized the latest available California Health Interview Survey, a population-based complex probability survey, to evaluate determinants of vaccine hesitancy among young adults. Survey-weighted descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. All statistical tests used p less than 0.05 to determine statistical significance. A total of 1203 respondents, representative of 4,027,462 young adults (ages 18-25 years) were included in our study. Our primary findings note that 24% of participants reported they would not be willing to take the COVID-19 vaccination. Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was also significantly higher among young adults who were current smokers (including electronic cigarettes), when compared to non-current smokers (36% vs. 22%). Further, the highest prevalence was also noted among young adults who identified as African-American (51%), had a high school degree or less (34%), those who were overweight or obese (28%), and reported a poor health status (22%). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that current smokers, as compared to non-current smokers, had more than double the odds of reporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. African-American young adults or young adults with a high school degree or less were both independently associated with at least a three-fold increase in vaccine hesitancy. Participants with psychological distress, however, were more likely to be accepting of the vaccine. Public health efforts to improve vaccine compliance need targeted efforts, including building trust in the healthcare system for African-Americans and promoting easier access and knowledge of vaccines among those with a high school degree or less, as well as young-adults who are currently smoking, with such efforts targeting behavioral interventions focused on risk aversion.

Burden of Mental Illness among Primary HIV Discharges: A Retrospective Analysis of Inpatient Data.

Background: Empirical evidence demonstrates the substantial burden of mental illness among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). Current literature also notes the co-morbidity of these two illnesses and its impact on quality of life and mortality. However, little evidence exists on patient outcomes, such as hospital length of stay or post-discharge status. Methods: A retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample data was conducted. The study population was defined as discharges having a primary diagnosis of HIV based on International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes in primary diagnosis field. Clinical Classification Software (CCS) codes are used to identify comorbid mental illness. Length of stay was defined as number of days between hospital admission and discharge. Disposition (or post-discharge status) was defined as routine versus not routine. Patient and hospital characteristics were used as control variables. All regression analyses were survey-weighted and adjusted for control variables. Results: The weighted population size (N) for this study was 26,055 (n = 5211). Among primary HIV discharges, presence of any mental illness as a secondary discharge was associated with 12% higher LOS, when compared to a lack of such comorbidity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.22, p < 0.01). Likewise, among primary HIV discharges, those with mental illness had a 21% lower routine disposition, when compared to those without any mental illness (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.91, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results highlight the need for improved mental health screening and coordinated care to reduce the burden of mental illness among HIV discharges.

Telehealth acceptability and opioid prescribing patterns of providers of painful chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of sickle cell providers.

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a rapid transition to telehealth services. It is unclear how subspecialists managing painful chronic diseases-such as sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited hemoglobinopathy with significant disparities in access and outcomes-have viewed the transition to tele-health or altered their pain management practices. This study elicits the views of sickle cell providers regarding their transition to telehealth and their opioid prescribing patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: An anonymous online survey was sent to eligible sickle cell providers. SETTING: Comprehensive sickle cell centers and/or clinics across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Physicians and advanced practice providers providing care to SCD patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents answered questions regarding their (1) views of telehealth compared to in-person encounters and (2) opioid prescribing practices during the early months of the pandemic. RESULTS: Of the 130 eligible participants, 53 respondents from 35 different sickle cell centers completed at least 90 percent of the survey. Respondents reported a significant increase in telehealth encounters for routine and acute appointments (mean difference and standard deviation: 57.6 ± 31.9 percent, p < 0.001 and 24.4 ± 34.1 percent, p < 0.001, respectively) since COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of respondents reported no changes in their opioid prescribing patterns since COVID-19, despite increased telehealth use. Only a minority copre-scribed naloxone as a risk mitigation strategy. CONCLUSION: The rapid uptake of telehealth has not suppressed ambulatory providers' prescribing of opioids for SCD. Studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and telehealth on opioid prescribing practices in other painful chronic diseases are needed to ensure health equity for vulnerable pain patients.

Experiences of violence and mental health outcomes among Asian American transgender adults in the United States.

PURPOSE: We addressed prevalence and factors associated with mental health outcomes (suicidal behavior and psychological distress) among Asian Americans (AA), who identify as transgender, a key group among sexual and gender minorities that is overlooked and understudied. METHODS: We used data from 2015 United States Transgender Survey during 2019-2020 with our population as census defined AA. Outcomes included suicidal ideation, suicidal thoughts, and serious psychological distress (SPD). Independent variables included any abuse, partner abuse, bathroom-related abuse, and additional covariates. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (aOR; 95% CI) for each outcome are adjusted for age, marital status, citizenship status, education level, employment status, as well as poverty status. RESULTS: Nearly 67% reported experiencing any abuse, 52% reported abuse from romantic/sexual partner(s), while 29% reported harassment/abuse when trying to use bathrooms. Moreover, 82% reported suicidal thoughts, 40% reported suicidal attempts, and 39% had SPD. Results demonstrated that any abuse/violence had higher odds of suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI):[1.98-3.58], suicidal attempts (aOR = 2.83, 95% CI:[2.18-3.68]), and SPD (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI:[1.20, 2.04]). Abuse from romantic/sexual partners had higher odds of suicidal thoughts (aOR = 2.47, 95% CI:[1.76-3.47]), suicidal attempts (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI:[1.68-2.80]), and SPD (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI:[2.03-3.63]). Experience of harassment/abuse during bathroom use had increased odds of suicidal attempts (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI:[1.41-2.31]). CONCLUSION: Exposure to violence is common among AA transgender individuals and related to negative mental health outcomes. Initiatives to reduce exposure to abuse and providing resources for trauma-informed care are imperative to improve health outcomes.

Defining the patterns of PAP adherence in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a clustering analysis using real-world data.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The implementation of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy to treat obstructive sleep apnea in children is a complex process. PAP therapy data are highly heterogeneous in pediatrics, and the clinical management cannot be generalized. We hypothesize that pediatric PAP users can be subgrouped via clustering analysis to guide tailored interventions. METHODS: PAP therapy data for 250 children with obstructive sleep apnea were retrospectively examined using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on (1) PAP tolerance (average hours on days used) and (2) consistency of PAP use (percentage of days used). Clinical features in each cluster were defined, and a tree decision analysis was generated for clinical implementation. RESULTS: We were able to subclassify all 250 children (median age = 11.5 years) into five clusters: A (13.6%), B (29.6%), C (17.6%), D (16.4%), and E (22.8%). The clusters showed significant differences in PAP use patterns (Kruskal-Wallis P value < 1e-16). The most consistent PAP use patterns were seen in clusters A, B, and C. Major differences across clusters included the prevalence of obesity, PAP setting, developmental delay, and adenotonsillectomy. We also identified important differences in mask acceptance, OSA severity, and individual responses to PAP therapy based on objective apnea-hypopnea reductions in PAP downloads. CONCLUSIONS: A simple method to subset PAP use patterns in children can be implemented by analyzing cloud-based PAP therapy data. This novel approach may contribute to optimization of PAP therapy in children of all ages based on real-world evidence at the individual level.

Role of food insecurity in prescription delay among adults with asthma: results from the California health interview survey.

Background: Food insecurity remains a major public health concern in the United States. Studies have noted that food insecurity can lead to lower healthcare utilization and poorer health status. Despite the continuous burden of asthma, little research has shown whether food insecurity serves as a social determinant to poor asthma care. In this study, we specifically focused on whether food insecurity can lead to delay in prescription medication for adults with asthma in California.Methods: We utilized the California Health Interview Survey. Survey weighted descriptive, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. A total of 11,645 observations, representing an average annual population size of 1,085,481 was included in this study.Results: Nearly 15% and 8% of participants were food insecure and had current asthma, respectively. Based on adjusted odds ratio, food insecure adults were 148% more likely to report delay in asthma prescription, as compared to those who were food secure (adjusted odds ratio =2.48; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.89).Conclusions: Given the delay in prescription, and thus appropriate health care, demonstrated in our study, targeted measures at point of care should be implemented to identify such at-risk patients early and provide resources for food aid to ensure optimal health outcomes.

El cuerpo en Florence Nightingale: un diálogo con la fenomenología existencial de Merleau-Ponty / O corpo em Florence Nightingale: um diálogo com a fenomenologia existencial de Merleau-Ponty / Florence Nightingales body concept: a dialogue with Merleau-Pontys existential phenomenology

Resumen Objetivos El propósito es develar el concepto de cuerpo nightingaleano al compararlo con la fenomenología corporal de Merleau-Ponty. Método Análisis hermenéutico-cualitativo del texto "Notas sobre Enfermería: qué es y qué no es", en conjunto con Fenomenología de la Percepción. Dado el enfrentamiento a un texto propiamente, el instrumental de interpretación se ha sostenido sobre la hermenéutica filosófica propuesta por Hans-Georg Gadamer. Resultados Florence, en Notas sobre Enfermería propone rudimentariamente un sistema comprensivo del cuerpo como eje del aparecer de la realidad, donde el quehacer enfermero es comprender cómo este aparecer del paciente configura la percepción de su mundo y coopera en unirlo a una nueva situación vital que exige una percepción de ánimo frente a su propia recuperación, nacido del diálogo con Merleau-Ponty. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica La comprensión de lo que se interviene es primordial para el ejercicio profesional enfermero. Desde Nightingale, entonces, lo esencial para la disciplina debe ser entender el aparecer de la realidad del paciente para de intervenir en él en su totalidad.

Resumo Objetivos O propósito é develar o conceito de corpo em Nightingale ao compará-lo com a fenomenologia existencial de Merleau-Ponty. Método Análise qualitativo-hermenêutico do texto Notas sobre Enfermagem: o que é e o que não é, com Fenomenologia da Percepção. Dado o confronto com o texto, o instrumento de interpretação tem o sustento sobre a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Resultados Florence em Notas sobre Enfermagem propõe um rudimentar sistema compreensivo do corpo como o eixo de aparecer da realidade, onde o trabalho é entender como o aparecer do paciente configura a percepção de seu mundo e colabora em uni-lo com uma nova situação vital que exige uma percepção de encorajamento frente a sua própria recuperação, revelado após dialogar com Merleau-Ponty. Conclusões e implicações para a prática: A compreensão do que se intervem é primordial para o exercício profissional da enfermagem. Então, desde Nightingale o essencial para a disciplina deve ser a compreensão do aparecer da realidade do paciente para intervir nele, na sua totalidade.

Abstract Objectives The purpose is to develop Nightingale's body concept by comparing it with the Merleau-Ponty's existential phenomenology. Methodology This is an hermeneutic-qualitative analysis of the text Notes on Nursing: What is and what is not, together with Phenomenology of Perception. Given the confrontation with a text, the instrumental of interpretation has been sustained on the philosophical hermeneutics proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer. Results Florence in Notes on Nursing rudimentarily proposes a comprehensive system of the body as the axis of appearance of reality, where the nursing task is to understand how this appearance of the patient configures the perception of his world and cooperates in uniting him to a new vital situation that requires a perception of spirit in the face of his own recovery, born from dialogue with Merleau-Ponty. Conclusion and implication for practice Understanding what is involved is essential for the professional nursing practice. Since Nightingale then, what is essential for discipline must be understood as the appearance of the reality of the patient to intervene in him as a whole.

A qualitative assessment of psycho-educational videos for frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers in Mexico / Evaluación cualitativa de videos psicoeducativos para personal de salud de primera línea ante el COVID-19 en México

Abstract Introduction Frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers (FLHCWs) are at a high-risk of suffering occupational stress- and trauma-related mental health problems, including burnout and compassion fatigue (B&CF). Given the time limitations (due to their heavy workloads) and need to minimize face-to-face interventions (in order to avoid contagions), psychological interventions for FHCWs should be as brief and remote as possible. Objective To evaluate the usability and clarity of evidence-based psycho-educational videos to prevent B&CF, to deal with uncooperative, hostile, and anxious patients and relatives, and to use personal protective equipment (PPE), from the perspective of Mexican FLHCWs. Method Based on a convenience sampling by intensity approach, videos were distributed requesting feedback based on specific questions through WhatsApp to FLHCWs. Field notes were used to triangulate the information. Results Content analysis of feedback from a final sample of 24 participants ‒75% women, 42 ± 8.4 years old‒ yielded three general thematic categories and seven subthemes: 1. content evaluation, which included three subthemes: utility, pertinence, and practicality; 2. dissemination and other needs, with two subcategories: willingness to share and receive more videos (other needs); and 3. format aspects, also comprising two subthemes: attractiveness and duration. All participants found the videos content very beneficial, relevant, and applicable to the workplace and even in their everyday personal and family life, and were willing to share them and to receive more videos on other issues, including strategies to manage problems related to isolation. Discussion and conclusion Escalation of this remote preventive intervention to other COVID-19 centers and future similar epidemics is recommended.

Resumen Introducción Los trabajadores de la salud de primera línea (TSPL) ante el COVID-19 presentan alto riesgo de desgaste profesional y fatiga por compasión (DP&FC). Tomando en cuenta sus limitaciones de tiempo y la necesidad de minimizar las intervenciones cara a cara, las intervenciones psicológicas para los TSPL deben ser tan breves y remotas como sea posible. Objetivo Evaluar la utilidad y claridad de videos psicoeducativos basados en evidencia para prevenir DP&FC, el manejo de pacientes y familiares no cooperativos, hostiles o ansiosos, y el uso de equipo de protección personal desde la perspectiva de los TSPL mexicanos. Método Los videos se distribuyeron a los TSPL por medio de WhatsApp, solicitándoles su opinión con base en preguntas específicas. Se utilizaron notas de campo para triangular esta información. Resultados El análisis de contenido de las retroalimentaciones recibidas por una muestra final de 24 participantes ‒75% mujeres, 42 ± 8.4 años‒ arrojó tres categorías temáticas y nueve subtemas: 1. evaluación de contenido, con tres subtemas: utilidad, pertinencia y practicidad, 2. difusión y otras necesidades, con dos subcategorías: disponibilidad tanto a compartir como a recibir más videos (otras necesidades), y 3. aspectos de forma, también con dos subtemas: atractivo y duración. La totalidad consideró los videos muy benéficos, relevantes y aplicables en el trabajo y su vida diaria personal y familiar; y reportó disposición a compartirlos y a recibir más material de este tipo. Discusión y conclusión Se recomienda el escalamiento de esta medida preventiva y remota a otros centros COVID-19 y en futuras epidemias similares.

Psychological Distress among College Students: Role of Food Insecurity and Other Social Determinants of Mental Health.

Food insecurity is a major social determinant of health and an assessment of how it may impact college students' mental health is imperative, as well as differential associations by self-identified gender. A cross-sectional survey was used among college students of a mid-size minority-serving institution with a final sample size of 302 participants aged 18 years or above. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable regressions were conducted, by gender, to assess the role of food insecurity (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) six-item questionnaire), on mental health outcomes (Kessler-6 scale and self-perception). All the statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS version 24 (IBM, Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) with an alpha less than 0.05 used to denote significance. Among those with food insecurity, the odds of reporting psychological distress (odds ratio (OR) = 3.645, p < 0.05) and an average to very poor self-perceived mental health status (OR = 2.687, p <0.05) were higher compared to their food-secure counterparts, with the results consistent in a gender-specific analysis as well. Compared to men, however, women had higher odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.280, p < 0.05), as well as reporting average to very poor self-perceived mental health statuses (OR = 2.700, p < 0.05). Among women, any alcohol use in the past 12 months (OR = 2.505, p < 0.05) and a low self-perceived physical health status (OR = 3.601, p < 0.05) were associated with an average to very poor self-perceived mental health status. Among men, a low perceived physical health status was associated with higher odds of psychological distress (OR = 3.477, p < 0.05). The results of our study highlight that food insecurity should be considered a social determinant of mental health wellbeing. In addition, gender-specific trends in mental health highlight the need for targeted interventions for prevention and treatment.