ABSTRACT
HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: Due to a retroperitoneal hematoma after cardiac catheterization a 64 year-old woman received two concentrates of red blood cells. Within two hours after transfusion the patient developed acute dyspnoea, anxiety and shivering. INVESTIGATIONS: Computertomography (CT) of the chest revealed a new bilateral, basally accented pulmonary edema. Pulmonary embolism was ruled out. A cardiac cause in terms of cardiogenic shock had been excluded by echocardiography and other non-invasive measurements. Moreover, no circulatory overload (transfusion-associated circulatory overload [TACO]) after transfusion was presented and the stable size of the retroperitoneal hematoma excluded haemorrhagic shock. Hence, the clinical pattern pointed towards a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). TREATMENT AND COURSE: The patient was intubated and a catecholamine medication was initiated. The weaning process proceeded without complications and the patient was extubated after several days. In the following chest x-ray no pulmonary residuals were left. After two weeks the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation unit. CONCLUSION: TRALI is a life-threatening and an often unconsidered complication after transfusion of plasma containing blood products. According to the criteria of the european haemovigilance networks (EHN-criteria), TRALI is diagnosed by clinical and radiological parameters. In case of suspicious TRALI the involved transfusion center has to be informed. By a crossmatch between donor plasma and recipient granulocytes the causal antibodies are detected in most cases. In 17% of cases no antibodies are detected.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/diagnosis , Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects , Coronary Restenosis/therapy , Drug-Eluting Stents , Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects , Hematoma/etiology , Hematoma/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Myocardial Revascularization , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Retroperitoneal Space , Acute Lung Injury/therapy , Catecholamines/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , Intermediate Care Facilities , Intubation, Intratracheal , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventilator WeaningABSTRACT
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 58-years-old non-smoking woman presented at our Thoracic Centre with increasing exertional dyspnea and on examination was found to have wheezing and decreased breath sounds over the left lung. INVESTIGATIONS: Chest X-ray revealed an atelectasis of the left anterobasal lung segment. Computed tomography revealed a 3.5 cm mass at the left inferior lobe. Bronchioscopy showed a total occlusion of the segmental bronchus because of an endobronchial tumor. Histology of a biopsy showed the tumor to be a carcinoid. Staging by whole-body ocreotide scintigraphy showed no evidence of metastases. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The patient recovered quickly from resection of the left inferior lobe and radical lymphadenectomy. Two years later, she has remained free of symptoms and without evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare (ca. 1.0 % of all primary lung tumors), the differential diagnosis of dyspnea and uniliteral wheezing should include a bronchial carcinoid. It is a potentially curable tumor, if detected and treated early. An interdisciplinary approach is pivotal to its perioperative management.
