ABSTRACT
Cyanide poisoning occurs in many smoke inhalation victims. The newest FDA-approved treatment for acute cyanide intoxication is hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit). However, hydroxocobalamin exhibits chemical properties that can disrupt several clinical laboratory tests. Knowledge of these effects on laboratory tests can be useful in assisting laboratory technicians and clinicians in managing these patients. This article briefly discusses acute cyanide poisoning and treatment, and summarizes laboratory interferences that have been reported with the use of hydroxocobalamin.
Subject(s)
Antidotes/therapeutic use , Cyanides/poisoning , Hydroxocobalamin/therapeutic use , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Antidotes/chemistry , Antidotes/metabolism , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Cyanides/antagonists & inhibitors , Drug Interactions , Humans , Hydroxocobalamin/chemistry , Hydroxocobalamin/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Vitamin B Complex/chemistry , Vitamin B Complex/metabolismABSTRACT
Sound localization performance is degraded at low stimulus intensities in humans, and while the sound localization ability of humans and macaque monkeys appears similar, the effects of intensity have yet to be described in the macaque. We therefore defined the ability of four macaque monkeys to localize broadband noise stimuli at four different absolute intensities and six different starting locations in azimuth. Results indicate that performance was poorest at the lowest intensity tested (25 dB SPL), intermediate at 35 dB SPL, and equivalent at 55 and 75 dB SPL. Localization performance was best at 0 degree (directly in front of the animal) and was systematically degraded at more peripheral locations (+/-30 degrees and 90 degrees) and worst at a location directly behind the animal. Reaction times showed the same trends, with reaction times increasing with decreasing stimulus intensity, even under conditions where the monkey discriminated the location change with the same performance. These results indicate that sound level as well as position profoundly influences sound localization ability.
